802.11ac migration - airheads local
TRANSCRIPT
CONFIDENTIAL
© Copyright 2014. Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights
reserved
Best Practices on Migrating to
802.11ac Wi-Fi
Peter Lane
June 2014
CONFIDENTIAL © Copyright 2014. Aruba Networks, Inc. All rights reserved
Changing Networks
More devices
• Average 3 devices per user
• Smartphone, tablets, laptops, ultrabooks
More applications per
device
• Average 40 apps per mobile device
• Estimates > 300 billion app downloads by 2016
More traffic
• HD mobile video, video telepresence, collaboration programs
• Tablet traffic ~ 3.4x greater than smartphone traffic
Shift in W-Fi Usage
• Pervasive, primary access
• Mission critical
• Multimedia –Voice, IPTV, older legacy media transport systems (i.e. cable TV)
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What type of Apps are on your network ?
• Mix of personal and corporate applications
• Design for the highest bandwidth demand that you intend to support
• Multiply this number by the number of connections that you need to
support
Personal Apps Throughput Requirements
FaceTime 400 Kbps
AirPlay Video 1 Mbps
Netflix 1.5 or 5 Mbps*
Pandora 150 Kbps
YouTube 500 Kbps
Skype 500 Kbps
HTTP 500 Kbps
Corporate Apps Throughput Requirements
Lync Desktop Sharing 1.5 Mbps
SIP Softphone 90 Kbps
Citrix Internet + Office 150 Kbps
Webex iPad Desktop Share
250 Kbps
WebEx High Quality Video
1.5 Mbps
GoToMeeting Desktop Share
500 Kbps
Desktop Backup 10 – 50 Mbps
Printing 1 Mbps
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Clients
• 11ac Clients
– Samsung Galaxy S4 (1x1:1 11ac), Galaxy S5 (2x2:2 11ac),
Galaxy Note 3, Galaxy Note 10.1 2014, etc.
– HTC One (1x1:1 11ac)
– Moto X, Moto droid Ultra, etc.
– All Mac computers: MacBook Air (2x2:2 11ac), MacBook Pro
(3x3:3 11ac) and iMacs
– Select Dell, Alienware, Lenovo laptops
– USB dongles (2x2:2 11ac)
• Look for USB 3.0
• No significant impact on client battery life
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802.11ac Technology Overview
• 11n specification:− 2.4 and 5 GHz supported
− Wider channels (40 MHz)
− Better modulation (64-QAM)
− Multiple streams (up to 4)
− Beam forming (explicit and implicit)
− Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g
• 11ac introduces− 5 GHz supported
− Even wider channels (80 MHz and 160 MHz)
− Better modulation (256-QAM)
− Additional streams (up to 8)
− Beam forming (explicit)
− Backwards compatibility with 11a/b/g/n
Think of 11ac as an extension of 11n technology:
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802.11ac Channels (FCC)
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII I and UNII II
2x 80 MHz
4x 40 MHz
8x 20 MHz
Band
EdgeChannel
Freq (MHz) 5850
US UNII III
1x 80 MHz
2x 40 MHz
5x 20 MHz
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII II extended
3x 80 MHz
6x 40 MHz
12x 20 MHz
36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band
Edge
5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350
Band
Edge
5150
149 161157153
5745 5765 5785 5805
Band
Edge
5725
165
5825
100 112108 116104 120 128124
5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640
Band
Edge
5470
136 140 Band
Edge
5680 5700 5725
132
5660
144
5720
Weather
Radar
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802.11ac Channels (ETSI)
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII I and UNII II
2x 80 MHz
4x 40 MHz
8x 20 MHz
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII II extended
2x 80 MHz
5x 40 MHz
11x 20 MHz
36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band
Edge
5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350
Band
Edge
5150
100 112108 116104 120 128124
5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640
Band
Edge
5470
136 140 Band
Edge
5680 5700 5725
132
5660
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ARM Primary channel mapping
• ARM chooses primary 80, 40 and 20 MHz
channels
• Same way as existing channels are chosen
• Show AP details will show the channels selected
• 36+ means 40 MHz with a 36 primary and the
secondary taking the 20 MHz above 36
• 36e means 80 MHz with 36 as the primary
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802.11ac Channels (FCC)
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII I and UNII II
2x 80 MHz
4x 40 MHz
8x 20 MHz
Band
EdgeChannel
Freq (MHz) 5850
US UNII III
1x 80 MHz
2x 40 MHz
5x 20 MHz
Channel
Freq (MHz)
UNII II extended
3x 80 MHz
6x 40 MHz
12x 20 MHz
36 4844 5240 56 6460 Band
Edge
5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350
Band
Edge
5150
149 161157153
5745 5765 5785 5805
Band
Edge
5725
165
5825
100 112108 116104 120 128124
5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 5600 5620 5640
Band
Edge
5470
136 140 Band
Edge
5680 5700 5725
132
5660
144
5720
Weather
Radar
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Channel Usage with two APs
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Max Data Rates per Client Type
Channel
bandwidth
Transmit – Receive
antennas
Typical client scenario Max individual link rate Max aggregate link
rate
40 MHz 3x3 PC 606 Mbps 606 Mbps
80 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 433 Mbps 433 Mbps
80 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 867 Mbps 867 Mbps
80 MHz 3x3 PC 1300 MBPS 1300 MBPS
160 MHz 1x1 Smartphone 867 Mbps 867 Mbps
160 MHz 2x2 Tablet, PC 1.73 Gbps 1.73 Gbps
160 MHz 4x Tx AP,
4 clients of 1x Rx
Multiple smartphones 867 Mbps per client 3.47 Gbps
160 MHz 8x Tx AP, 4 clients
with total of 8x Rx
Digital TV, set-top box,
tablet, PC, smartphone
867 Mbps to two 1x clients
1.73 Gbps to one 2x client
3.47 Gbps to one 4x client
6.93 Gbps
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802.11ac Channel Width and Datarate
Maximum datarates (in Mbps) for each channel width
802.11n 1SS
802.11n 2SS
802.11n 3SS
802.11ac 1SS
802.11ac 2SS
802.11ac 3SS
20 MHz 72.2 144.4 216.7 96.3 192.6 288.9
40 MHz 150 300 450 200 400 600
80 MHz N/A N/A N/A 433.3 866.7 1,300
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Coverage Example
1. Sample coverage for 3x3 11n AP (or 3x3 11ac
AP with 11n clients) in HT40 mode
•Coverage area sustains MCS5 and up
360405
450
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Coverage Example
2. Upgrade to 3x3 11ac AP with 11ac clients, still using
40Mhz channels (VHT40)
• Radius for 600Mbps (MCS9) area is 1/4 of that for 450Mbps (MCS7)
360405
450
540
600
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Coverage Example
3. Equivalent range for clients using 80MHz channels
(VHT80)
• Rates roughly double, relative range for each of the MCS rates
does not change, but 80MHz range is ~70% of equivalent (same
MCS) 40MHz range
780878
975
1170
1300
585
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Relative Range 802.11ac Rates
Datarate40MHz 80MHz
MCS0 45 97.5MCS1 90 195MCS2 135 292.5MCS3 180 390MCS4 270 585MCS5 360 780MCS6 405 877.5MCS7 450 975MCS8 540 1,170MCS9 600 1,300
Signal level and relative range-dB r
MCS0 87 63MCS1 85 50MCS2 83 40MCS3 79 25MCS4 76 18MCS5 71 10MCS6 66 5.6MCS7 63 4.0MCS8 58 2.2MCS9 51 1.0
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Beamforming: Notes
• AP 2xx series has 11ac beam forming support
• Works with clients that support 11ac beamforming function
– This is at a minimum all 11ac client devices using Broadcom chipsets
– Support will have to come to all devices to compete with Broadcom
offering
• 11ac beamforming is standards based
– first standard that is doing this the “right” way
– 11ac beamforming represents the consensus view of the 1000’s of
contributors to the standards process
• 11ac beamforming is implemented in baseband.
– It works with all antenna subsystems
– The total number of beamforming combinations is effectively infinite
• 11ac actively tracks users so has a recent channel estimate
between the AP and client that is updated frequently
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Channel state information, implicit and explicit beamforming estimation
Implicit feedback for beamforming (802.11n not 802.11ac)
1 (Beamformer) Send me a sounding frame
2 (Beamformee) Here’s the sounding frame
3 OK, I’ll pre-code assuming you hear me like I heard you
Request for sounding
sounding frames
Explicit feedback for beamforming (802.11n and 802.11ac)
1 (Beamformer) Here’s a sounding frame
2 (Beamformee) Here’s how I heard the sounding frame
3 Now I will pre-code to match how you heard me
sounding frames
Beamformed frames
feedback from sounding
Implicit and explicit feedback for beamforming
Beamformer BeamformeeBeamformeeBeamformer
Beamformed framesActual
CSI
Implied
CSI
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AP Throughput ~1Gbps
• “How fast can I go?”
– Simple question with very complicated answer
– Depends on many factors
• Device type
• Distance
• Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
• Connected clients
• Access Point configuration
• Channel width
• Number of Spatial Streams
• Short/long guard intervals
• Link aggregation
– Your mileage WILL vary
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Pros of 802.11ac
• Pros:
1. APs can accommodate more users/devices
• Increased capacity
2. Standards based Explicit Beam-forming increases SNR
• Higher data rates over longer distances
3. 256-QAM
• Increased throughput at high SNRs
• Improved modulation and coding techniques
4. Multi-User MIMO (future generations)
• Improved utilization of RF capacity
5. Use of 5 GHz spectrum
• More non-overlapping channels
• Quieter RF environment
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Wave 2 of 11ac
• Max 5GHz radio throughput triples again!
– 450 (11n 3x3 HT40), 1,300 (11ac 3x3 VHT80), 3,467 (11ac 4x4 VHT160)
• What will wave 2 802.11ac deliver?
– MU-MIMO
• Use AP MIMO resources more effectively
• Transmit data to multiple devices simultaneously: for example 4SS AP streaming data to four 1SS clients simultaneously
– 4x4:4SS
• Benefit of additional stream mostly for MU-MIMO
• Not anticipating any 4x4:4SS client devices
• Adds 33% to max datarate
– VHT160
• Doubles max datarate
• Practical problem: only 2 VHT160 channels available in entire 5GHz band
• When will it be available?
– Radio chipsets available late 2014
– Products in 2015
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Wave 1 1SS
Wave 1 2SS
Wave 1 3SS
Wave 21SS
Wave 22SS
Wave 23SS
Wave 24SS
20 MHz 96.3 192.6 288.9 96.3 192.6 288.9 384
40 MHz 200 400 600 200 400 600 800
80 MHz 433 867 1,300 433 867 1,300 1,730
160 MHz N/A N/A N/A 867 1,730 2,600 3,470
Maximum Data rate for wave1 and wave 2 11ac
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802.11ad and what it means
• 60GHz band, three channels in most countries (each 2.16GHz wide), each providing up to 6.8Gbps PHY datarate
• No MIMO
• Challenges: Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) connections, range, penetrating obstacles (and people)
• Targeted to clean up a cluttered desk or TV cabinet
• Likely not appropriate for traditional AP use. But can be interesting for related applications like wireless docking, high-capacity WLAN hotspots, AP backhaul/aggregation, etc.
• It is being investigated (but no product plans as of yet)
• Standard is available, certification program in place
– Wi-Fi Alliance WiGig Alliance
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802.11n/11ac Product Line
Performance
Price
103 Series
802.11n
Dual radio
2x2:2SS
Entry level
Low Density
220 Series
802.11ac
Dual radio
3x3:3SS
Highest
Performance
AP-274/275
802.11ac
Dual radio
3x3:3SS
Highest
Performance
Cost
Perf
orm
an
ce
200 Series
802.11ac
Dual radio
2x2:2SS
Mid
Density/Perf
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AP-224/225 802.11ac 3x3 AP
• Enterprise class 3x3 802.11ac
• Aggregate TCP platform throughput performance >1Gbps
• Two platform models:
– AP-224: external antennas (3x, dual band)
– AP-225: integrated antennas
– “Advanced Cellular Coexistence” support
• Dual radio:
– 802.11n 3x3:3 HT40 2.4GHz(450Mbps), support for “TurboQAM”
– 802.11ac 3x3:3 HT80 5GHz (1.3Gbps)
– 11ac beamforming supported in both bands
• Wired interfaces
– Network: 2x 10/100/1000Base-T Ethernet, with MACSec support
– USB 2.0 host interface, console port, DC power
• Will require 802.3at PoE (or DC power) for full functional operation
– Functional, but capabilities reduced when powered from 802.3af POE
• Enterprise temperature range, plenum rated, TPM
$1,295 U.S. List
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AP-20x Mid-range Dual-radio 11ac AP
• Low cost dual radio 11ac enterprise AP for medium density deployments
– 2x2 radios, no plenum rating, reduced max operating temperature (+40C)
• Both Instant and Controller-based product variants
• Two platforms:
– (I)AP-204: external antennas (2x, dual band diplexed)
– (I)AP-205: integrated antennas (omni downtilt)
• Dual radio, 802.11ac 2x2:2 (867Mbps max at VHT80)
– SDM, CSD, STBC, MRC, LDPC, 11ac Transmit Beamforming
– Advanced Cellular Coexistence (ACC) support
• Platform:
– CPU: BCM53014A CPU (“Vega”), Radios: 2x BCM43520
– 128MB SDRAM, 32MB FLASH, TPM
• Wired interfaces:
– 1x Gb Ethernet, console port (RJ45), DC power, reset button
– No USB
• Power:
– DC or 802.3af POE, 12.5W max peak
• Mechanical:
– Metal back, plastic front, no vents
– Dimensions: 150mm x 150mm x 37mm (same as AP-103)
Target availability (FCS): Jun ’14 (AOS)
AOS target: 6.4.1Instant SW target: 4.2
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Rate vs. Range: AP-225 vs AP135
• AP-225 11n performance is considerably better
than AP-135 -> up to 5.35x
• AP-225 TCP down throughput @ 120ft 128Mbps
23%
23%
40%
5.35x
43% 39%
56%
3.32x
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Single-Client TCP Peak Performance(1 x 3SS MacBook Pro)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM BI-DIRECTIONAL
828
609 596
Aruba AP-225
Aruba AP-225
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Multi-Client TCP Performance(20 x 2SS MacBook Air, 1500-Byte)
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM BI-DIRECTIONAL
378
384
415
Aruba AP-225
Aruba AP-225
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Small Packet Multi-Client Performance(20 x 2SS MacBook Air, Downstream UDP)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
256-BYTE 512-BYTE
159
312
Aruba AP-225
Aruba AP-225
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AP-270 Series
• Antenna Gain: 5 dBi– 2G: 3x3:3 11ac (2.4 GHz)
– 5G: 3x3:3 11ac (5.15 to 5.875 GHz)
• 11ac Beamforming
• Conducted Tx Power– 2G: 23 dBm per branch (27.7 aggregate)
• MAX EIRP = 36 dBm
– 5G: 23 dBm per branch (27.7 aggregate)
• MAX EIRP = 36 dBm
• Power Interface: AC and 802.3at (PoE+)
• Power Consumption: 23 W
• WAN + LAN Port
• Advanced Cellular Coexistence
• IP66 and IP67
• -40° to +65°C– No Heater. Start and operate.
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AP-275: Campus Access / Outdoor Retail
• Unit does not look like radio
• Omni antennas are fully integrated in the chassis
• Resembles video cameras and light fixtures
• Multiple Bracket Options
8.5”
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Advanced Cellular Coexistence
• Proliferation of DAS and new LTE bands at 2.6
GHz are creating issue for Wi-Fi solution
• All new APs introduced by Aruba in the last 12
months and going forward have implemented
significant filtering into the 2.4 GHz radio portion
to combat this
• Design solution
– Use high-linear LNA followed with a high-rejection
filter to achieve rejection target and little sensitivity
degradation;
– Design target: Minimal Sensitivity degradation with
-10dBm interference from 3G/4G networks
(theoretical analysis).
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11ac Controller Support
Performance
Sc
ale
CAMPUS
LARGE OFFICE
320032 CAP/128 RAP
2K Users3 Gbps Firewall
340064 CAP/256 RAP
4KUsers4 Gbps Firewall
3600128CAP/512 RAP
8K Users4 Gbps Firewall
7210512 CAP/512 RAP
16K Users20 Gbps Firewall
M3512 CAP/1024
RAP8K Users
20 Gbps Firewall
72201024 CAP/1024 RAP
24K Users40 Gbps Firewall
72402048 CAP/2048 RAP
32K Users40 Gbps Firewall
700516 APs
1k Users2 Gbps Firewall
701032 APs
2K Users4 Gbps Firewall
703064 APs
4K Users8 Gbps Firewall
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Over Subscription: Customer scale points
• Large Software company
– 20,000 APs
– 55,000 users
– Never exceeded 12 gbps combined throughput
• Medium Sized US University
– 2,000 APs
– 12,500 Students
– Never exceeded 6 gbps combined throughput
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AP Uplink Considerations
• Assess the environment: Brownfield vs. Greenfield
• 2 x Ethernet/LAG cables is NOT a requirement for wave 1 11ac
• For a Greenfield environment (new building), laying out 2 x Ethernet cables makes it future proof
• For a Brownfield environment (an existing site with 1 x Ethernet cable), you don’t loose anything
• TODAY – 2 x Ethernet cables are used by a few customers– Salt and pepper designs – PoE redundancy
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Switch Considerations
• af vs. at: What does it really mean
– Most 2.4 GHz only devices are single stream
– 2.4 GHz has limited throughput already due to 20 MHz channels
– Improved amplifiers and advanced filtering require a little more
power
• Ensure minimum 1 Gbps uplink ports for the APs
• Ensure 10 Gbps uplink from edge switches to core
– One 11ac AP can max out a 1 Gbps uplink on a switch
802.3af 802.3at
2.4 GHz radio 1x3:1 3x3:3
5 GHz radio 3x3:3 3x3:3
Ethernet ports 1 2
USB Disabled Enabled
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AP Replacement Considerations
• If the existing 802.11n network was designed for capacity then 1-for-1 AP replacement with 802.11ac AP is viable.
– Capacity = APs that are 2500 sq.ft apart
• If the existing network is designed for supporting
– 802.11 a/b/g
– Or a coverage only 802.11 n
• Redesign will be required
• Redesigning might includes a combination of both physical and virtual survey.
– Depending on the environment
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AP Forwarding Mode Considerations
• All forwarding modes are supported
• Tunnel mode is the preferred forwarding mode in most situations
• For high performance using tunnel mode –enable Jumbo frames to support the increased AMSDU
– Expect a 10 – 15 % drop in performance without jumbo frames
• D-Tunnel mode can be used to achieve high performance
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11n + 11ac co-existence & Channel Considerations
• 11n + 11ac = No problem
• Assuming HD deployments (APs are 45 feet apart)
– 80 Mhz – Use DFS or CSR
– 40 Mhz – 802.11n compatibility modes to avoid client driver issues
– 20 Mhz - 802.11a and 802.11n NON-DFS environments
• Assuming Ultra HD deployments (APs less than 45
feet apart): Use one of the following
– Consider using 20 MHz channels to get more re-use
– Tx power considerations, and use of CSR (available 6.3.1.3)
should be considered to avoid CCI
– Use of DFS as appropriate
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Transmit Power Considerations
• Assess the environment
• How much are my AP’s able to hear each other?
– Modern offices (hoteling environments) – a lot
– Traditional offices (lots of offices) and K12 classrooms – Not as much
– Universities there is a mixture of both – Variable
• How much is “too much”
– If the Rx channel busy is > 30% during slow time
– It is due to ACI and CCI
– This has a direct impact on performance; worsens during peak hours
• What is the solution – Tx power on AP’s, high data rates on clients and low ACI/CCI
• Guidance
– For modern offices
• Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – 12 dBm
– For Traditional offices
• Default (Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – Max)
– For environments that are a mix
• Default (Min EIRP – 9 dBm; Max EIRP – Max)
• Set 802.11a basic and beacon rate to 24 Mbps; 802.11g basic & beacon rate to 12 Mbps to avoid CCI/ACI and increased channel utilization
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Profile level Configuration Cheatsheet
Profile Configuration Summary
RF Management Profile Power:
Min – 9, Max – 12 for modern offices
Min – 9, Max – max for traditional offices
Min – 9, Max – max for mixed environment
Measure Rx channel busy during slow time in all
cases
Channel
Use 40 MHz (if you want a slow migration)
Use 80 MHz (Max performance) (DFS needs to be
enabled for re-use)
Use 20 MHz channels for APs closer than 30 feet
(for ultra HD deployments
Use CSR - set to 25 or 30
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Profile level Configuration Recommendations
Profile Configuration Summary
SSID Profile 802.11a basic & beacon rate- 24 Mbps
802.11g basic & beacon rate – 12 Mbps
HT-SSID Profile Default settings
VHT Profile Default settings
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Summary of Recommendations
• AOS 6.3.1.6 or newer
• Enable end-to-end jumbo frame support if in
tunnel mode
• Adjust TX powers based on type of site
• Adjust beacon and basic rates
• Set AMSDU to 3 for BE,BK and VI under Ht-SSID
Profile.
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The Planning Process
• VisualRF Plan (Virtual site survey):
– VisualRF Plan is the Aruba pre-deployment site planning
tool.
– Covers most standard deployments
– Outdoor, warehouse, non-standard environments may need
extra work
• Physical site surveys:
– Best way to characterize the RF propagation of a given
facility
– Time consuming
– Costly
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RF Planning recommendations
• Consider using 80 MHz
channels in a 5-channel plan
– ARM will manage primary 20 and 40
MHz channel selections
– Will require use of 3 DFS channels
• All 11n Tx power
recommendations continue2
1
3
4
5
2
1
3
4
5
2
1
3
4
5
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ClientMatch™ Enables 802.11ac Wi-Fi
Match to
another AP
DEVICE TYPE INTERFERENCELOCATION CONGESTION
REAL-TIME RF CORRELATION
Enables use of
802.11ac Wi-Fi rates
98% of mobile devices
with higher signal quality
94% better performance
for “sticky” clients
No client-side software
required
Patent:
8,401,554
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ClientMatch for Link & Traffic Optimization (L2-3)
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RF Performance Aruba OS Dashboard
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AOS 6.3 RF support
• ClientMatch on by default
• ClientMatch will override Band Steering,
Spectrum load balancing, and Station handoff .
a/b/g only 11n 11ac (AP-225)
ClientMatch No impact Supported Supported
Band steering Supported Supported* No impact
Spectrum load
balancing
Supported Supported* No impact
Station handoff
assist
Supported Supported* No impact
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Sticky client impact on the network
• Simple example
– 1 user connecting at 6 Mbps and 9 users at 130 Mbps
– If they each download a 10 MB (80 Mb) file
• 6 Mbps is ~5 Mbps useful
• 6 Mbps connection takes 16 seconds
• 130 Mbps is 85 Mbps useful
• 130 Mbps takes 0.94 seconds
– So 16 + 9*0.94 = 24.5 seconds for 800 Mb ~32.5 Mbps
versus 85 Mbps for all users connecting at 130 Mbps.
• This is exacerbated in built out networks as one
slow user will affect all APs and clients that can
hear it
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Preparing your wired network for .11ac
• Ensure minimum 1 Gbps uplink ports for the APs
• Ensure 10 Gbps uplink from edge switches to
core
– One 11ac AP can max out a 1 Gbps uplink on a switch