8.5 translation set up cornell notes on pg. 99 topic: 8.5 translation essential question: 1.explain...
TRANSCRIPT
8.5 Translation•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 99
•Topic: 8.5 Translation•Essential Question:
1.Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2.Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?
•Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?
8.5 Translation
KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.
*Use the definition of Translation to describe the key concept.
8.5 Translation
• Translation is a process that converts a message from one language into another.
Hey, I know a joke! A squirrel walks up to a tree and says, "I forgot to store acorns for the winter and now I am dead." Ha! It is funny because the squirrel gets dead.
8.5 Translation
Translate these sentences: (pg. 98)
T HEC ATA TET HER AT
SI SAT ETH EPI E
H ISD OGW ASH OT
HE RFA TCA TSA T
8.5 Translation
Translate these sentences:
T HEC ATA TET HER ATTHE CAT ATE THE RATSI SAT ETH EPI ESIS ATE THE PIEH ISD OGW ASH OTHIS DOG WAS HOTHE RFA TCA TSA THER FAT CAT SAT
8.5 Translation
• Translation converts mRNA messages into polypeptides
which make proteins.
– mRNA can be translated into 20 different amino acids
8.5 Translation
• How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be translated into so many different amino acids?
• The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be translated into so many words.– ape– pea
The four letters of RNA are put together in different combinations to form many different “words”
– A U C G
8.5 Translation
• A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.
codon formethionine (Met)
codon forleucine (Leu)
8.5 Translation
• The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid or function.
.
•1st two nucleotides are the most important
8.5 Translation
Tell me what these genetic codes code for (98)
1. GCC
2. AAA
3. AGC
4. UAG
5. AUA
6. AAU
7. GCA
8. CCG
9. UCA
10. AGG
8.5 Translation
1. GCC- alanine (Ala)
2. AAA- Lysine (Lys)
3. AGC- Serine (Ser)
4. UAG- stop codon
5. AUA- Isoleucine (Ile)
6. AAU- Asparagine (Asp)
7. GCA- Alanine (Ala)
8. CCG- Proline (Pro)
9. UCA- Serine (Ser)
10. AGG- Arginine (Arg)
8.5 Translation
SPONGE 6• Please tell me which amino acids these codons
code for:
1. CCG
2. AGU
3. UAG
4. AUG
5. AGA
• Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA
8.5 Translation
Please tell me which amino acids these codons code for:
1. CCG- proline
2. AGU- serine
3. UAG- STOP
4. AUG- methionine
5. AGA- arginine
Please draw and label a picture of a segment of mRNA
codon codon
8.5 Translation
– start codon = AUG
Tells where to start reading
– Three stop codons
»UAG
»UAA
»UGA
Codes for the end
8.5 Translation
• A change in the order in which codons are read changes the resulting protein.
8.5 Translation
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD
8.5 Translation
• Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same amino acid.
8.5 Translation•Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 101
•Topic: 8.5 Translation•Essential Question:
1.Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2.Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?
•Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU. What amino acid would it carry?
8.5 Translation
• An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
– AUG
– UAC– carried by a tRNA (transfer RNA).
8.5 Translation
• Ribosomes consist of two subunits.
– The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA.– The small subunit binds to mRNA.
8.5 Translation
8.5 Translation
• tRNA binds to a start codon (AUG) and signals the ribosome to assemble.
AUG
Start codon
Amino acid
8.5 Translation
2. A complementary tRNA anticodon binds to the exposed codon
8.5 Translation
3. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between the amino acids.
– The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of one codon.
8.5 Translation
4. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome.
– A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the next exposed codon.
8.5 Translation
5. This continues until a stop codon is reached (UAG, UAA, or UGA)
-The ribosome releases the protein and disassembles.
8.5 Translation
ReplicationDNA
A A G A C G T A GDNA
T T C T G C A T CTranscriptionmRNA
A A G A C G U A GTranslation
tRNAU U C U G C A U C
Protein Synthesis
codon
anticodon
Lys Thr Stop Amino Acids
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.
3. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.
1. What is an anticodon? For # 1-10- use the amino acid chart on pg. 244 to find which amino acids would be
encoded by the mRNA codes below:1. GCC2. AAA3. AGC4. UAG5. AUA6. AAU7. GCA8. CCG9. UCA10. AGG
8.5 Translation