8th grade american history review · monroe doctrine-warns europeans to stay out of affairs in the...

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8th Grade American History Review

Cornell Notes for Geo (Unit I), European Background, and the Colonial Era (Unit II) Geography (Unit 1)-Know major land and water forms of North America; Social Studies Skills (p.s2-s33, r2-r29, textbook); Geography Handbook (p.2-21, text) -physical and human geography, 17th – 21st century places in America, how geography effects historical events, maps (emphasis on thematic), Atlas (p. A1-A21)

European and Early American Background Bering Strait Theory Native-Americans 1215 Magna Carta 1492 Columbus

Motives for New World exploration and conquest – G_____, G______, and G_______

Colonial Era

St. Augustine, Fla. 1588 England defeats

the Spanish Armada

1607 Jamestown, Va. Quebec, Canada

Southern Colonies (list) 1 2 3 4 5

Climate, soil, resources, industries-

1607 Jamestown, Va.

John Rolfe-

John Smith-

indentured servants-

slavery system-

plantations –

House of Burgesses –

Mercantilism-

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New England Colonies (list) 1 2 3 4

Climate, soil, resources, industries

1620 Pilgrims-

Puritans-

Mayflower Compact -

Great Migration-

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Thomas Hooker

Middle Colonies (list) 1 2 3 4

Climate, soil, resources, industries

William Penn-

Examples of Political reasons for founding the Colonies-

Examples of Economic reasons for founding-

Examples of social (includes Religious) reasons-

1689 English Bill of Rights

French and Indian War

Ben Franklin

Albany Plan of Union

Proclamation of 1763

STAAR DATES

Date Event Description or Definition

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Early

Examples of

Representative

Government in the

Colonies

Trade

Triangular Trade

Colonies

West Indies Africa

Mercantilism

What does this image represent?

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Causes and Events of the American Revolution TEKS: 1 8.4bc; 8.24e.; 8.16a; 8.23b Cornell Note Style

1215 Magna Carta

Mercantilism

1607 Jamestown, Va.

1689 English Bill of Rights Colonists thought they had the same rights as ___________

Tradition of self-government in the 13 English Colonies (define the following terms)

House of Burgesses

Mayflower Compact

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The Great Awakening

French and Indian War


Proclamation of 1763

Problem: Great Britain’s massive war

_______ after the French and Indian War.

Quartering Act

Sugar Act

Stamp Act

Stamp Act Congress

Sons of Liberty

committees of correspondence

Samuel Adams

Patrick Henry

writs of assistance

Boston Massacre

Crispus Attucks

Boston Tea Party

1st continental Congress

Lexington and Concord

Bunker Hill

Second Continental Congress

The American Revolution Lexington and Concord- 2nd Continental Congress-

George Washington 1776-The Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson-

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Common Sense unalienable rights are ______________________________________________ examples of these are-____________________________________________

grievances- Saratoga

Marquis de Lafayette John Paul Jones (quote)

Yorktown- Treaty of Paris-

1) 2)

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (THE PHILADELPHlA CONVENTION)

p.213 What event changed many Americans minds about the need to strengthen the national government?

What year?

Who is the Father of the Constitution?

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION -

Weaknesses Strengths

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

What was the effect of Shays’ Rebellion?

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How the Constitution Came to be...

Ratification was the process of getting the Constitution approved by the states. Supporters and opponents of the Constitution developed arguments for and against it. who were they? what did they believe?

AMENDMENT PROCESS

AntiFederalists Federalists

The Federalists Papers

Compromise

Presented to the

states

The Virginia Plan The New Jersey Plan

The Great Compromise

3/5 Compromise-

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Fill in the organizer

Personalities

of the

American

Revolution


Sons of Liberty-Committees of Correspondence

Common Sense French nobleman who served under Washington

“The British are

coming!”

1st President and

Commander of the

Continental Army

I wrote the Declaration of

Independence

“Give me liberty or

give me death”

King of England

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PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION:

REPUBLICANISM -

POPULAR SOVERIGNTY -

FEDERALISM - . LIMITED GOVERNMENT SEPARATION OF POWERS-

CHECKS AND BALANCES-

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS

State Powers Federal

Powers

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Who were they?

What did they

believe?

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w

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p

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l

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Federalists

Loose construction

(interpretation)

Republicans

Democratic - Republicans

Strict construction

(interpretation)

Democrats

Washington‟s Farewell Speech -

Monroe Doctrine -

Marbury v Madison (John Marshall) -

Dred Scott v Sanford

Plessy v Ferguson

Brown v Board of Education -

Early Foreign Policy

Significant Supreme Court Cases

Gibbons v. Ogden

Development of Political Parties

Worcester v. Georgia

-

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The New Republic (the 1st five Presidents) (know their order)

Washington

Federal Judiciary Act-Washington establishes the _________________ and federal courts. Hamilton’s Financial Plan- _______, __________ and a national ______.

Whiskey Rebellion-the new govt. shows its strength in potting down a Pennsylvania tax rebellion

Farewell Speech-stay away from political _________________ and foreign ___________. Cotton gin-this machine increased _________________ in the South.

Adams (near war with France)

Abigail Adams-letter-writing primary source for this period. Federalists-believed in a strong _________________ government. Democratic-Republicans-believed the ___________ should hold more power.

Jefferson

Judicial review (John Marshall-Marbury v. Madison) - ______________ courts decisions are final.

*1803 Louisiana Purchase-Jefferson buys the La. Territory from _________________. Lewis and Clark- trans-continental exploration to the Pacific.

Madison impressment- kidnapping of _________________ by English.

War of 1812--Washington burned, American manufacturing increases - Who wrote our national anthem? ____________ ____________ _________________. Battle of New Orleans (A. Jackson) an American _______________ against Britain.

Monroe Era of Good Feelings- Party differences ______________. Country basks in nationalism and patriotism.

Missouri Compromise-Missouri admitted as a _________________ state and Maine as free state. Monroe Doctrine-warns Europeans to stay out of affairs in the _________________

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p206 What is the name of our first weak national government? ______________________ p213 What did Shays rebellion make people aware of? ___________________________________ p213 Delegates arrived in Philadelphia in _________ for a ________________________ Convention. What is the overall political theory behind our government (hint: it means “rule by the people”)? __________________________________________ p228 What are the first three words in the Preamble to the Constitution? ________________________ Popular sovereignty means a government in which the __________________ rule. This is also called “consent of the governed”. This fundamental principle is outlined in the Preamble to the Constitution “We the People”. In a republic, citizens choose ______________________________ to act for them in government. Separation of powers divides our government into three branches. Fill in the government flow chart: Checks and Balances allow each branch to limit the __________________ of the other 2 branches. examples: the President can _____________ a bill. the Congress can _______________________ a presidential veto. The sharing of power between the State and federal governments is called _______________________ ex. Both can levy ___________ only States con establish ____________________. Constitutional Supremacy means the Constitution is the highest law in the US. The Supreme Court can use ____________________ ______________________ to declare a law unconstitutional.

The United States Government

Government

_________ Branch _________ Branch

_________ Branch

The Congress consists

of the _______ and the

_______ of ________

The ________ is the head

of the executive branch. Consists of the

Judges of the Federal

court system

________ the laws ________ the laws

____ or _____ the

laws

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A change to the Constitution is called an ___________________________ The process of approval, or ________________________ of on amendment works like this: 1) It is proposed by a 2/3 vote of both houses of __________________ 2) It is presented to the States 3) An amendment is ratified when _/_ of the States approve The ___________ of ___________ is the first __________ Amendments to the Constitution. It protects our ________________________ rights. These rights include freedom of speech and religion as well as rights to an accused person such as due process and trial by List your 5 First amendment freedoms: 1) ________________. 2) ___________________ 3)____________________ .4) ____________ and 5) ______________ p279 ___________________ ________________________‟ s financial plan reflected his belief in a strong government. His plan included _________________ (taxes on imported goods) to pay off the national debt. p288 Hamilton became the head of the ________________ political party. Jefferson wanted to limit the powers of the Federal government and started the _____________________-_____________________ party. p286 Washington, in his Farewell Speech urged the country to remain _________________ in its foreign affairs and to avoid political p301 The Supreme Court case that established the courts power of judicial review is called ______________________ v. _____________________ Who was the Chief Justice? ______________ p313 The causes of the War of 1812 include __________________, ______________________, and __________________. Our nation‟s capital, _________________ was burned and we won a land victory at _____________________ p317 The effects (results) of the war included ____________________________________, ___________________________ and Francis Scott Key‟s ________________ _____________ ___________________. P343 The Monroe Doctrine warned Europeans to stay out of affairs in the _______________ hemisphere -

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I. Territorial Expansion

II. Economics in Early America

Economics- the study of how products are made, marketed, distributed, and consumed. 1. Colonial Era mercantilism-Great Britain (the mother country) controlled ________ with the Colonies. The Colonies resented this economic control. ___________ were often effective ways of the Colonists showing their anger.

2.1776 to the present- capitalism or free enterprise - people buy, sell, and trade with a minimum of government interference. Supply and demand. 3. Hamilton‟s Financial Plan-

taxes- tariffs- national bank

5. Economic Results of the War of 1812- American manufacturing ________________ 6. The Cotton Gin- _______________ and cotton production boom in the South. An agricultural revolution.

7. The American System- Congressional plan to build national transportation projects (National Road, Erie Canal, etc.). The money to build would be raised by tariffs (taxes on ______________). Problem: Tariffs primarily hurt the ___________ which was more dependent on imports than the industrial North.

III. The Industrial Revolution Industrialization – Urbanization – Immigration –

Social problems- Workplace conditions – Living conditions – Sanitary concerns –

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Alcoholism, etc. Highlights: Samuel Slater – Lowell Mills – Eli Whitney – Interchangeable parts – Robert FuIton – Samuel F. B. Morse – Bessemer Steel-The English modernize steel production with standardization. Technique spreads to America, allows building of bridges, skyscrapers, train tracks, etc. Water wheel mills gradually become steam powered mills. Steam mills become mobile-trains, early tractors, and eventually early automobiles by the end of the 1800‟s. John Deere McCormick‟s reaper (agricultural implements] could do the work of dozens of men. Midwestern farmers could produce more produce easier.

Topics and Biographies for Reformers

Read the section listed in your textbook and from other sources you may find to answer two questions (Who or what-was this person or event? What contribution did they make to the reform movement?)

and present your findings to the clan.

Second Great Awakening p.417

Temperance p.418

Labor Unions p.418

Education (Horace Mann) p.419-420

Care for the Needy (Dorothea Dix) p.419-420, 422-423

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Abolitionists p.424-S

Frederick Douglas p.425

Sojourner Truth p.425

Underground Railroad (Harriet Tubman) p.426, 430-1

William Lloyd Garrison p.424-5

Women‟s Rights p.427-9

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Seneca Falls Convention

Lucretia Mott p.427-9

Susan B. Anthony p.427-9

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Antebellum Era

Plantation System-

Slavery-

States‟ Rights-

(federalism)

nullification- sectionalism secession

-

War on the Bank

Nullification Crisis

Democratic Party

Indian Removal

Act

John C.

Calhoun

Daniel

Webster

Henry Clay

What effect

did the

Northwest

Ordinance

have on

territorial

expansion?

Label the map at left with

the following #’s.

1. Thirteen Colonies 2. Treaty of Paris 1783 *. Northwest Territory 3. 1803 Louisiana Purchase 4. Florida Cession (Adams-Onis) 5. Texas Annexation 6. Oregon Territory 7. Mexican Cession (Guadalupe-Hidalgo) 8. Gadsen Purchase

Territorial Expansion and Growth

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Events Leading Up to the Civil War

Sectionalism- Missouri Compromise-

Nullification Crisis-

States’ Rights-

Compromise of 1850-

Fugitive Slave Act-

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas-Nebraska Act-

Popular Sovereignty Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott v. Sandford Abraham Lincoln (Republican Party) Election of 1860-

Lincolns 1st Inaugural-

Secession-

Confederate States of America-

Jefferson Davis-

Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun Henry Clay

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Events of the Civil War

1860 – Lincoln’s Election

Gettysburg

Ft. Sumter

Gettysburg Address

Emancipation Proclamation

Vicksburg

Lincoln’s Inaugural Address

54th Massachusetts

Clara Barton

15th Amendment

Matthew Brady

14th Amendment

13th Amendment

Lincoln’s Assassination

Lee’s Surrender – Appomattox Courthouse

Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address

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8th Grade American History Review

I. Geography

Skills, physical and human geography, 18th

& 19th

century places, effects on events, thematic map

II.Colonial Era

European Background: Magna Carta (1215), Columbus (1492)

Reasons for Exploration:

Southern Colonies Middle Colonies French and Indian War

*1607 Jamestown, Va. William Penn Ben Franklin

Indentured servants New England Colonies Albany Plan of Union

Slave trade 1620 Pilgrims an Puritans Proclamation of 1763

Plantation system Mayflower Compact John Locke

Mercantilism Great Migration William Blackstone

House of Burgesses Thomas Hooker

III. Revolutionary Era

George III 1st Continental Congress John Paul Jones

Quartering Act Paul Revere Yorktown

Sugar Act Lexington and Concord Treaty of Paris 1783

Stamp Act Bunker Hill Articles of Confederation

Stamp Act Congress 2nd

Continental Congress Northwest Territory

Samuel Adams George Washington Northwest Ordinance

John Hancock *1776 Declaration of Independence Shays’ Rebellion

Writs of assistance Thomas Paine Wentworth Cheswill

Boston Massacre Thomas Jefferson Mercy Otis Warren

Crispus Attucks Unalienable rights James Armistead

John Adams Grievances Bernardo de Gálvez

Boston Tea Party Saratoga Haym Salomon

Patrick Henry Marquis de Lafayette

IV. Constitution

*1787 The Constitution is written (Philadelphia or Constitutional Convention)

James Madison Bill of Rights Federalism

Great Compromise Amendment Process Checks and Balances

Federalist Principles: Separation of Powers

The Federalist Papers Popular Sovereignty Individual Rights

Antifederalist Republicanism Charles de Montesquieu

George Mason Limited Government ratification

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V. The First Five Presidents

1 Washington Hamilton’s financial plan

2 Adams-near-war with France

3 Jefferson

4 Madison 5 Monroe

Federalists/Democratic- Republicans Federal Judiciary Act Whiskey Rebellion Farewell Address

Abigail Adams Judicial review (John Marshall) Marbury v. Madison *1803 Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark

War of 1812 Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise

VI. Territorial Expansion and Antebellum Era

Northwest Ordinance Henry Clay Bessemer Steel

Treaty of Paris 1783 Daniel Webster Railroads

Louisiana Purchase 1803 Texas Revolution 1836 Robert Fulton

Florida Cession Texas Annexation 1845 Urbanization

Missouri Compromise Oregon Territory Reformers:

Jackson: War with Mexico Abolition

Democratic Party Mexican Cession (Guadalupe-Hidalgo) Frederick Douglass

War on the Bank Gadsden Purchase William Lloyd Garrison

Indian Removal Act (Trail of

Tears)

Industrial Revolution Women’s Rights (Susan B.

Anthony) Nullification Crisis Industrialization Seneca Falls Convention

States’ rights Capitalism (free enterprise) Dorothea Dix

Secession Eli Whitney Temperance

John C. Calhoun John Deere Education

Worcester v. Georgia

Gibbons v. Ogden

VII. Civil War Events, Causes and Effects

Sectionalism Ft. Sumter Philip Bazaar

Compromise of 1850 Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s Assassination

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Vicksburg 13th

Amendment

Kansas-Nebraska Act Gettysburg 14th

Amendment

“Bleeding Kansas” Gettysburg Address 15th

Amendment

Dred Scott v. Sanford Lincoln’s 2nd

Inaugural 1896 Plessey v. Ferguson

1860 Lincoln’s Election Appomattox Courthouse 1954 Brown v. Board

Secession Ulysses S. Grant The Wealth of Nations

Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Thomas Hooker

Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural William Carney Stonewall Jackson

analyze the ideas contained in Jefferson Davis' inaugural address

evaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments

8th grade american history review · monroe doctrine-warns europeans to stay out of affairs in the...

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