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Ch. 4Ch. 4Sec. 1 TelescopesSec. 1 Telescopes

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telescope•device that makes distant objects appear to be closer

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electro-magneticradiation

radio waves

infraredradiation

visiblelight

ultravioletradiation

(UV)X-rays

gammarays

lightyou can

see

energy that can travel thru space

in form of waves

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white light passing through prism is dispersed to make a spectrum of colors w/ different wavelengths:

redred, , orangeorange, , yellowyellow, , greengreen, , blueblue, , violetviolet

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wavelengthwavelength

• distance between crest of one wave &

crest of next wave

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Includes radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, UV radiation, X-rays & gamma rays

electromagnetic spectrum

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OpticalOptical (visible light)(visible light) radioradio x-rayx-ray

collect & focus electromagnetic

radiation

refracting

convex lenses

reflecting

mirror

radio waves

radio telescope

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Arecibo radio telescope

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4 Views of the Crab Nebula

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Reflecting telescopeReflecting telescope11stst Built by Isaac Newton Built by Isaac Newton

Refracting TelescopeRefracting Telescope

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Refracting Telescope

13How Telescopes Work Video Clip

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observatory observatory

• bldg that contains 1 or more telescopes

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Most large observatories are built on top of mountains.

Mauna Kea Observatory

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Mauna Kea Observatory sits near the 14,000 ft. summit of an extinct volcano in Hawaii.

It experiences some of the driest air and best seeing in the world.

NASA Kids video-Mauna Kea Observatory

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Chandra X-Ray Observatory• space based (above Earth)

NASA Kids video-Chandra Observatory

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• reflecting telescope

• diameter of mirror = 2.4 m

• space based

20Understanding the Universe: The Hubble Space Telescope video

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• HST was launched in 1990 from the Space Shuttle and orbits approximately 600 km above the Earth's surface.

• Costing over $1.5 billion, it is the most expensive scientific instrument ever built. • Unfortunately, the reflecting mirror that HST used was not made correctly,

which caused distorted images to be produced.• A later repair mission with the Space Shuttle put a correcting lens on HST to

improve its "eyesight" and it now produces stunning images of unrivaled quality.

Hubble Space Telescope orbiting the Earth

Astronauts have repaired and upgraded the Hubble Space Telescope on several occasions.

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Pictures from the Hubble Space Telescope

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• launched in 2003

• infrared images

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27Studying the Stars