Aim:TounderstandhowthegrowthoftheNaziPartyledtoHitlerbecomingChancellor

Recapyourknowledge…• WeimarRepublicin1932wascrippledfollowingtheGREATDEPRESSION• Bruning hadstruggledtomaketheconstitutionworkrelyingonPresidentialdecrees• Supportfortheextremepartieswasgrowing(LeftandRight)• TheNaziswon107seatsin1930(18%),theirbiggestwinever,howeverthe

Communistsalsoachievedsignificantgains(13%)plustheSocialDemocratsgaining25%

KEYPOINT: Despitethis,itwasstillasmallproportionofthe577seats,andHitlerwasstillfarfromcomingtopower

Howthendoyouthink/predictHitlerwillbeChancellorwithinayear?

ChancellorCopythisdiagram

March1932:PresidentialelectionsHitlerwins11mvotesApril1932:PresidentialelectionsHitlerwins13mvotes

May1932:VonPapenbecomeschancellor

July1932:Reichstagelections(generalelection),Naziswin230seats

December1932:Schleicherbecomeschancellor

January30th1933:Hitlerbecomeschancellor

Bruning

VonPapen

Schleicher

Hitler

Changesofgovernment1932-33

WhatcanyouinferaboutthestabilityofGermangovernmentin1932-33?

Whatisyourevidence?

Hindenberg isre-elected(nomajority)=anotherelection

Hindenberg isre-elected

WhattacticsdidtheNazi’sadoptintheelections?

• WatchthefollowingclipsandmakeanoteofNazitactics…

- UsingHitlerasafigurehead- Propagandaposters- Theatres&Films- Rallies- Thuggery,murderingopposition

Othermethodsofcampaigning…

• Usingtheaeroplane,Hitlerwasabletobein5citiesinoneday

• Massrallies(organised byGoebbels)• Radio&records

• Despitenotwinningtheelection,GoebbelspresentedthewinasavictoryforHitler

“HitleroverGermany”

ChancellorBruning:Bruning attemptedtobantheSAandSSfollowingtheirviolenceduringthePresidentialelectionswantingtocalmtheunrestandcontroltheNazis.

Healsoannouncedhewouldbuylandfromlandownersandusetohousetheunemployed.

Whatdoyouthinkweretheconsequencesoftheseactions?

1. UnitedtherightwinggroupsagainstBruning2. Upsetthelandowners,whothensupportedtheNazis3. InfuriatedHindenburgwhowasalandownerhimself

4. WithoutthesupportoftheReichstagandthePresident,Bruningresigned30th May1932

ConsequencesofBruning’s actions:

VonSchleicherorganised acoalitionofrightwingsupporters(landowners,industrialistsandarmyofficers).

HesuggestedtoPresidentHindenburgthatVonPapenshouldbetheChancellorofthisnewcoalition.

Theydidn’thaveamajority,butSchleicherpersuadedHindenburgsayingtheNazi’ssupportwouldallowthemtopassdecreesmeaningtheywouldn't needtheReichstag

SchleichergotHitler’ssupportbyremovingthebanontheSA

TheNaziswerenowinGovernmentforthefirsttimeSignificanceofthis…

ChancellorVonPapenVonPapenwasintroublefromthestart,inJuly1932therewasanotherelectionwithincreasedviolenceinthestreetsfromtheSA.

TheresultswereastonishingfortheNazis:

TheNaziswerethebiggestparty,soHitlerdemandedtobemadeChancellor

Significanceofthis…

HindenburgsaidNO!hehatedHitler.

WhatnextforVonPapen?...

I’mgoingtocallanothergeneral

electionandhopetheNazislosesupport!

Thegambledidpayoff,butnotbyenough,theNazislostseatsfrom230to196,buttheywerestillthelargestpartyintheReichstag.

VonSchleicherpersuadedHindenburgtosackVonPapen…

VonSchleicherVonSchleichertoldHindenburgthattheNaziswerefinishedandtomakehimChancellor,Hindenburg,indesperationagreed.

HehadnosupportintheReichstag,inpublicorfromtheNazis.

VonSchleicherthenaskedHindenburgtosuspendtheconstitutionandmakehimheadofamilitarydictatorship!Hesaidthearmywouldsupporthim…

WhatcanIdo?

Let’smakeadealwithHitlertostopacivilwar?

MakeHitlerChancellor,andmevicechancellor,thiswayhethinkshehaspower,butyouandIwillmakeallthedecisions,Hitlerwilljustbeafigurehead.We’llpushHitlersofarintoacornerthathe’llsqueek likeamouse

within2months!

Idon’tknow,areyousure?Healwaysseemstofindawayto

comeoutontop!?!– Okthen,let’sdothis,wemustmaintainthe

WeimarConstitution…

Whatisthemessageofthissource?

’Hindenburg’sdeal’clip

Let’spauseandthinkforaminute…

Sowhat,we’ve hadsomanychancellorsinthelastyear,Hitlerisjustgoingtofailaswellisn'the?

WhatisdifferentaboutHitlerasChancellor?

Hindenburgcanstillgetridofhimanytimehewants?

TheroleofHindenburg,VonSchleicherandVonPapeninHitlerbecomingChancellor…

UsedArticle48alotwhichweakenedtheReichstag,leadingtoissues,angerand

instability

BothVonSchleicherandVonPapenwererightwingconservativeswhowantedgovernmentcontrolledbylandownersandindustrialistsnotelectedparties.By

suggestingHindenburgcouldjustusethearmytoruleinsteadoftheReichstag,theyunderminedtheWeimarRepublic,

furtheraddingtotheinstability

AllthreeunderestimatedHitler,theyallthoughttheycouldcontroltheNazis,buttheycouldn't…

Publicmeetings

PropagandamanagedbyGoebbels

Partyorganisation,e.g.traininginpublic

speaking

Focusonfarmersandmiddleclass

Useoftechnology,e.g.radio,aircraft

Ditchedunsuccessfulpolicies,e.g.

nationalisingindustry,andkeptothersvague

Powerfulspeaker,e.g.reportbyBritishForeignOfficein1930stalksof‘astonishingsway’

Decisiveleader

Postercampaigns,rallies,etc.builthimup

Unemploymentforfactoryworkers(40%),youngpeople(50%)

Homelessness

Breakdownoflawandorderinsomeareas

SAdisruptedoppositionactivities

Unpopularpoliciese.g.cutbenefit,raisedtaxes

RulebyPresident– hostiletoWeimar

Extremism– riseofCommunistshelpedNazis

VonPapenagreedtoworkwithHitlertokeepoutvonSchleicher

VonPapenandHindenburgunderestimatedHitlerandthoughttheycouldcontrolhim

Refusedtoco-operatewithvonPapenunlesshewasmadeChancellor

PoliticalmanoeuvringbetweenvonSchleicher and

vonPapen

Hitler’sleadershipskills

TheDepression

WHYDIDHITLERBECOMECHANCELLOR

IN1933?

Nazitactics

TheweaknessesoftheWeimargovernment

Summaryofthestory

• You’reabouttoseeaseriesofpictures,ifselectedyouwillneedtoexplainwhatitrepresentsusingyourknowledgeofthistopic(HitlertoChancellor)…

• Youwillhave10secondsthinkingtimeandthenyouwillpassonthenextimagetosomeoneintheroom,iftheygetitwrongitcomesbacktoyou.

• Noonecanbeselectedtwice…

July1932

November1932

WhydidHitlerbecomeChancellor

in1933?

TheweaknessoftheWeimargovernment

pg49

TheDepressionPg46-51

Hitler’sleadershipP51-53

Nazitactics/PromisesP44-45P50-53

Writeanessaywitheachofthesefactorsactingasseparateparagraphs.Conclusion–Whichparagraphswereinyouropinionthemostimportant?

Createabulletpointedplanasyougoaswelltoaccompanythis

REVISION:CRUCIALTOPICTOUNDERSTAND!

TheDealpg61

WhiteGermanyBook

WhydidHitlerbecomeChancellor

in1933?

TheweaknessoftheWeimargovernment

TheDepression

Hitler’sleadership

Nazitactics/Promises

Writethisessaywitheachofthesefactorsactingasseparateparagraphs.Conclusion–Whichparagraphswereinyouropinionthemostimportant?

“TheDeal”