9 e rcts of metals & metal cmpds (boardworks)

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KS3 Chemistry

9E Metals and Metal Compounds


Contents


Metal compounds and acids

Symbol equations

Metals and non-metals

Summary activities

Metals and acids


antimony (Sb)

Is this element a or a ?

H

LiNaK

RbCsFr

Be

Sc TiMg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa KrY Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPtRa Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al PN O

S ClF Ne

Ar

RnI

Si

Xe

HeB C

AsFeFeMg SPMg SP

CuCu

metal non-metal

IISb

Hard to say!

Sb

Metal or non-metal?

iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)


Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.

Non-metals are mostly on the right.

Metals are on the left and in the centre.

What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

Xe


Metals and non-metals in the periodic table


Metal, non-metal or metalloid?

H

LiNaK

RbCsFr

Be

Sc TiMg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa KrY Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPtRa Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al PN O

S ClF Ne

Ar

RnI

Si

Xe

HeB C

As

silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal

What aremetalloids?Which side are the non-metals on?

Which side are the

metals on?

Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and

sometimes like non-metals.

Metals are on the left and in

the centre.

Non-metals are mostly

on the right.


What are the properties of metals?

Properties of metals strongdense

shiny malleable (easy to bend)

high melting point

sonorous(makes a sound)

high boiling pointductile

(can be drawn into wires)

good conductor of electricity

good conductor of heat

Do all metals have these properties?

solid


Properties of metals and non-metals


Metals and non-metals – true or false?


Using metalsCan all metals do the same job?.


Using metals activity


Contents



Symbol equations


Summary activities

Metals and acids


magnesium + acid

hydrogen

burning splint

Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as bubbles are produced.

What do the bubbles mean?

A gas is produced.

How can you test to find out if the gas produced is hydrogen?

Place a burning splint next to the mouth of test tube. A ‘squeaky pop’ as the gas ignites shows that hydrogen is the gas produced in this reaction.

Reaction of metals with acids


metalnitratenitric acid

Reaction of metals with acids

When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and hydrogen gas.

The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid involved in the reaction:

When a metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, the salt produced is a metal chloride.

When a metal reacts with sulfuric acid, the salt produced is a metal sulfate.

When a metal reacts with nitric acid, the salt produced is a metal nitrate.

metal hydrogensulfuricacid

hydrochloric acidacid metal

sulfatemetal

chloridesalt


zinc chloride

Complete the word equations

Complete the word equations for metals reacting with acid:

hydrogennitric acid

magnesium nitratemagnesium ?

hydrogensulfuric acidiron iron

sulfate?

hydrogenhydrochloric acidzinc ?

hydrogensulfuric acidlead lead

sulfate??


potassiumsodiumcalcium

magnesiumaluminium

zincironlead

(hydrogen)(hydrogen)coppersilvergold

incr

easi

ng re

activ

ity

Reactivity of metals

Some metals react more vigorously with acids than others. Metals can be listed in order of how reactive they are.This list is called the reactivity series.

The more reactive the metal, the more vigorous the reaction.

A metal that is below hydrogen will not react with dilute acids.


Contents



Symbol equations


Summary activities

Metals and acids


When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, it fizzes giving off carbon dioxide gas.

Carbon dioxide can be tested for using the limewater test.

When carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through limewater, it turns the limewater cloudy or milky white.

Reaction of metal carbonates with acids

Most metal carbonates are not very soluble and so the reactions may be slow.


Reaction of metal carbonates with acids

When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the products are a salt, carbon dioxide and water.

The salt produced depends on the metal carbonate and type of acid involved in the reaction: When a metal carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid,

the salt produced is a metal chloride. When a metal carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid,

the salt produced is a metal sulfate. When a metal carbonate reacts with nitric acid,

the salt produced is a metal nitrate.

metal carbonate

carbon dioxide waternitric acid metal

nitratesulfuric

acidhydrochloric

acidacid metal sulfatemetal

chloridesalt


carbon dioxide


sodium carbonate

carbon dioxide

nitricacid

sodium nitrate water

Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal carbonates and an acid:

calcium carbonate

carbon dioxide

nitricacid

calcium nitrate water

? ?

?

metal carbonate

carbon dioxideacid salt water

zinc carbonate

zinc sulfate watersulfuric

acid ?? ?


Using the products as a clue, what is the reaction between a base (such as a metal oxide) and an acid called?

Reaction of metal oxides with acids

When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are a salt and water.

metal oxide wateracid salt

A metal oxide is a type of chemical called a base.

Bases are chemicals that react with an acid to produce a salt and water.

A base that is soluble in water is called an alkali.

neutralization


iron chloride


Complete the word equation for each reaction between a metal oxide and an acid:

nitric acid magnesium nitrate

magnesium oxide ?

watersulfuric acidzinc oxide zinc

sulfate?

hydrochloric acidiron oxide ?

metal oxide wateracid salt

water

water?

?

?


Contents



Symbol equations


Summary activities

Metals and acids


Chemical formulae – what is the ratio of atoms?

The name of a chemical can also be written as a formula.A formula uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the ratio of atoms of each element present in the chemical.

calcium sulphate

magnesium nitrate

magnesium sulphate

sodium sulphate

calcium chloride

Name of salt

OSCaCaSO4

ONMgMg(NO3)2

OSMgMgSO4

OSNaNa2SO4

ClCaCaCl2

Ratio of atoms in saltFormula

1

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

4

4

6

4


What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?

What is the ratio of atoms in each salt?

calcium nitrate

potassium sulphate

potassium nitrate

magnesium chloride

sodium chloride

Name of salt

6 O2 N1 CaCa(NO3)2

4 O1 S2 KK2SO4

3 O1 N1 KKNO3

2 Cl1 MgMgCl2

1 Cl1 NaNaCl

Ratio of atoms in saltFormula


Writing equations using chemical formulae

The names of chemicals in a word equation can be replaced with chemical formulae. When a chemical reaction is written using chemical formulae, the equation must be balanced.

Write down the formula for each chemical.Count the number of atoms on each side of the equation.

zinc hydrogenhydrochloric acid

zinc chloride

1 Zn 1 H, 1 Cl 1 Zn, 2 Cl 2 H

Where needed, adjust the numbers in front of the formula

2 H, 2 Cl

so that the numbers of atoms on each side are balanced.

Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 2


Writing and balancing chemical equations

lead hydrogenhydrochloric acid

lead chloride

Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead and hydrochloric acid.

Pb + HCl → PbCl2 + H2 2

Use chemical formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid.

calcium hydrogenhydrochloric acid

calcium chloride

Ca + HCl → CaCl2 + H2 2


Balancing equations activity


Contents



Symbol equations


Summary activities

Metals and acids


Glossaryalkali – A soluble base.base – A compound (such as a metal oxide) that reacts

with an acid to produce a salt and water. conductor – A material that allows heat and electricity

to travel through it easily. malleable – A material that can be hammered into shape. metal – An element found on the left of the periodic table

which is usually hard, shiny and a good conductor.metal carbonate – A compound made of a metal, carbon

and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water.

metal oxide – A compound made of a metal and oxygen. It reacts with acid to produce a salt and water.

property – A characteristic of a material.


Anagrams


Multiple-choice quiz

9 e rcts of metals & metal cmpds (boardworks)

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