9.1 NATURE

VOCABULARY nature

1 Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.

The Pacific and the Arctic are both __ .

a) seas b) oceans

2 The Atacama and the Gobi are both __ .

a) mountains b) deserts

3 The Himalayas and the Alps are both __ .

a) mountain ranges b) lakes

4 The Nile and the Mississippi are both __ .

a) seas b) rivers

5 Victoria and Superior are two of the world 's largest __ .

a) rivers b) lakes

6 Iguacu and Niagara are two of the world 's largest __ .

a) waterfalls b) rainforests

GRAMMAR comparatives/superlatives

2 look at the table below and make sentences comparing France and Poland using the word in brackets.

France Poland

Population 60 million people 38 million people

Size 548,000 square km 313 ,000 square km

Highest 4,810 m (Mont 2,499 m (Rysy) mountain Blanc)

Average 3 °C _3 °C

temperature Oanuary)

Average 23 °C 19 °C temperature Ouly)

The population in France is .. . the population in Poland. (big)

The population in France is bi~er than the population in Poland.

2 Poland is ... France. (small)

3 Mont Blanc, in France, is ... Rysy in Poland . (high)

4 In January it is .. . than in France. (cold)

5 In July it is ... than in Poland . (hot)

3A 9.1 listen to the comparative phrases. Circle the correct stress pattern.

a) 000 b) 000 c) 000

B listen again and repeat the phrases.

C 9.2 listen and check the answers to Exercise 2. Then listen and repeat.

4 Make sentences using the comparative/superlative forms of the words in brackets.

It's been ______ (cold) winter in thirty years.

2 The weather is getting (bad).

3 It's (popular) tourist destination in the country.

4 It's (cheap) to stay in a bed and breakfast than to stay in a hotel.

5 People are working (long) hours than before.

6 The summers are much (hot) than they were.

7 In the winter the days are (short) .

8 This sauce tastes (good) than the other one you made.

9 We've been on (long) jou rney of our lives.

10 Yesterday I felt bad, but today I'm much _____ (happy) .

I I It's _______ (funny) programme I've ever watched.

12 The exam was _______ (difficult) than I expected.

READING

5 Look at the reasons 1-4 for growing your own vegetables. Then read the text. Which reasons are mentioned?

'It 's a good way to relax.'

2 'The food tastes better when you grow it yourself.'

3 'It 's cheaper than buying food in the supermarket.'

4 ' It 's a good way to earn some extra money.'

MIlliNG THE WORlD A GREENER PlACE: GROW YOUR OWN VEGETABLES We meet people from around the world who enjoy growing their own food.

United States When you think of Washington, you might not th ink of vegetable patches, but there are lots of them. 'Community plots' where people can grow their own food are getting more popular. Brian Wallis, who works in banking, likes gardening in his free time. And he's not alone. 'When you work in the city, gardening is a great way to relax: he says.

Australia Outside Sydney there are more than fi fty community gardens. In the garden at the Addison Road Centre people grow all kinds of things, from bananas to coffee, herbs, beans and vegetables. They also have lemon, peach and cherry trees. People come here to learn new skills related to organ ic gardening and recycling.

Kenya In Kenya having a piece of land to grow food on is not just a good way to relax, it's a way to earn some extra money. Maxwell shares the land his father ~ave him with his six brothers. They grow bananas, coffee and sugar on the land, 'as well as vegetables to eat at home. 'Some of the food we eat ourselves: he says, 'and some we sell at the market'.

Russia Every weekend in the summer, the roads of Russia's big cities are fu ll of traffic, with fami lies escaping to their 'dacha'. A 'dacha' can be anything from an old shed in a field to a huge house in the countryside, but the reason they go is the same. People from the city can enjoy the clean air and grow some vegetables. Ta tiana, who has a plot near the Black Sea, grows tomatoes and cucumbers in the summer and cabbages in the winter. 'It always tastes much better when you grow it yourself: she says.

6 Read the text again and answer the questions. I Why does Brian Wallis think people enjoy

gardening?

2 What can people learn at the Addison Road Centre, outside Sydney?

3 How did Maxwell get his land?

4 What does Maxwell do with the food they grow?

S What is a 'dacha' in Russia?

6 What can people who live in Russian cities enjoy at their 'dacha'?

WRITING similar sounding words

7 Find and correct the mistakes. There is a spelling mistake in each sentence. I Is this you 're coat?

2 They gave us there car for the weekend.

3 Have you got an extra ticket? I'd like to come to.

4 We spent the weekend by the see.

S Do you know wear the office is?

6 Are you sure this is the write way?

8 Underline the correct alternative to complete the text.

How often do you use lyou're/your car? I try to use the car as little as possible. I walk or use my bike to get around. I live in a small city though, so 2it's/its quite easy. And it keeps me fit 3twO/tO/ too. If I want to go to the 4see/sea for the weekend, or something like that, then I usually get the bus or the train. I don't think people should spend so much time in 5there/their cars. It's not 6write/right.

VOCABULARY the outdoors

1 A Find seven more words connected with the outdoors in the word square.

\F E A T U R E S\ C

N D E R F S G C 0

A I R 0 Y Z A E R

T S · T P A R K N U

U D E I F C X E R

R S F C 0 P L R A

A D N A M E W Y L

L W I L D L I F E

B Use words from the word square to complete phrases 1-8.

I geographical

2 fresh

3 national

4 beautiful

S centre

6 rainforest

7 area

8 beauty

C Complete the sentences using the phrases from B.

We live in a polluted city but in the countryside near us you can breathe _________ _

2 I hate cities. I prefer living in a ____ _ _____ because I grew up on a farm .

3 Unfortunately the was closed so we didn't see the rare birds.

4 Mountains, waterfalls and volcanoes are examples of __________ you can find on this

continent.

S The Amazon is the world's biggest ____ _ _____ ; it has incredible plant life because of all the rain.

6 Our biggest is Etosha. You can drive arou nd it and see wild animals.

7 We went for a walk in the hills. The n we stopped to take photos of the _________ _

8 The Cotswolds is an area of ____ _ _____ . It's very green.

u 9.2

GRAMMAR articles

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box and add a, an, the or (-) (no article).

AgRt January doctor weather Europe architect camera elephants noise Thursday sun

I My house is on the right

2 It's so cold in Iceland. I really hate ____ _

3 During our safari in Namibia we saw ____ _

4 He loved buildings and wanted to be ____ _

S I bought a camera and a bag. Then we went travelling, and I dropped and broke ____ _

6 When I was twenty, I travelled arou nd ____ _

7 I'm working in December, but I'll be on holiday in

8 Let me see him! I can help. I'm ____ _

9 We didn't have a map to guide us, so we used

10 See you on ____ _

I I I heard a small noise. After a while _____ got louder.

3 Complete the book review with a, an, the or (-) (no article) .

A WALK ON THE WILD SIDE BY GIUSEPPE DE LUCA (TRANS. OLIVIA CARSON)

Giuseppe de Luca has been 1 ~ adventurer all his life. He once ran away from home in 2 __ Sicily and survived on fish that he caught from 3 __ river with his hands. De Luca's book explains why he can't do 4 __ normal job. He has tried office work, building boats, driving lorries across Europe and looking for dinosaur bones in 5 __

Kenya. He couldn't do any of these for more than 6 __ few months. He finally finds happiness living on 7 __ smallest beach in Papua New Guinea. But then he has some 8 __ problems with the local police, and they send him back to Sicily. Why is his story so interesting? It's his humour and his innocence. He is shy with girls. He doesn't have 9 __ email address and he has never touched 10 __ mobile phone. He clearly loves living alone in 11 __ wild and his book makes a great companion.

9.2 r

II

LISTENING

II

4A 9 .3 Listen and match speakers 1-4 with statements a)-d) .

a) He/ She has spent a lot of t ime in the garden. __

b) He/She lives o n a farm. __

c) He/She lives near a beach. __

d) He / She comes from the USA. _

B Listen again and answer the questions in three words or fewer.

a) What does she do on the beach these days?

b) W hat did she see o n the beach o nce?

2 a) What names did she know?

b) Where does she say she 'grew up'?

3 a) When does he go hiking and camping?

b) What 'big' things does he say that Americans like?

4 a) W hat animals does he work with?

b) W hat doesn 't he like about living on a farm?

C Match the words and phrases in bold in

1-8 with meanings a)-h).

I That was fun . _ _

2 It was enormous. _ _

3 I played in a tree house. __

4 You cou ld be outside all day. __

5 I go hiking. __

6 There are all kinds of plants and animals.

7 It's completely normal to see animals around. __

8 I reall y like feeding the pigs. __

a) walking for a long time in the countryside

b) very common

c) giving food to someone / something

d) enjoyable

e) many diffe rent types of

f) a small house in a tree (usuall y fo r ch ildren)

g) extremely big

h) be in the o pen air, not in a building

o Read what Gyorgi says about his

experiences in nature. Complete the text

with the words and phrases from

Exercise C.

, 'When I was younger I lived in a very cold part of Russia. It

was 1 for the temperature to be minus twenty degrees, and in the winter, you might not 2 for many weeks. We spent a lot of time at home playing games and singing in front of the fire . To be honest, it wasn't much 3 in winter, but in the summer we did 4 _ _ _ _

enjoyable activities. Where I lived, there were some mountains and forests , and we sometimes went 5 in the Ihountains with my parents. And I remember we once built a 6 in my garden. My brother loved birds and he spent hours 7 _ __ _

them different types of fruit and nuts while he was sitting in that tree house. As a child I always thought our garden was 8 _ _ _ _

but when I went back there a few years ago I saw that it was quite , small.'

,

VOCABULARY animals

1 Name the animals 1-10 to complete the puzzle and fi nd the hidden word.

~ I

~

I ~

~

~

C I I 10

I

FUNCTION making guesses

2 Find and correct the mistakes. There are mistakes in five of the sentences.

I That animal might to be a chimpanzee or a monkey.

2 Maybe that's a glacier in the photo.

3 The waterfall don't can be here - it's too dry.

4 That bird can't be an eagle - it's too small.

5 They must be have a dog - look at all the hair on the sofa!

6 The mountain range in the picture could to be the Himalayas.

7 Those might be a bear's footprints on the ground.

8 That's definitely no a mosquito bite - it's too big.

3 Underline the correct alternatives to complete the paragraphs.

I The rainforest is home to 30 percent of all animal and plant life on Earth and 2.5 million types of insects. But it is disappearing because people cut down the trees for money. W e don't know how fast it is disappearing but satellite pictures show that it might/ definitely be 15,000 km every year. Some scientists think the rainforest could/can't disappear completely by 2080.

2 We aren't sure exactly how many people died during the tsunami of 2004 but it was might/perhaps as many as 230,000. The tsunami destroyed large parts of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand, and the complete reconstruction of houses and other buildings can't/might take ten years or more .

3 Everyone knows Venice - it can 't/ must be the world's most famous city built on water - but now it has a big problem: it is sinking into the water. The situation is very serious: maybe/ could Venice will be completely under water in forty years.

4 Because of global warming, the ice is melting in the Arctic and some scientists say there must/ might be no ice there by 2060. Many animals that live in the Arctic, for example polar bears and foxes, could/ perhaps be in danger.

LEARN TO give yourself time to think

4 Put the underlined letters in the correct order to complete the conversations.

I A: Are you coming to the party tonight?

B: lelw ___ , I hope so. But I have a lot of homework to do.

2 A: How do you stop this machine?

B: ahtt's a odgo eisunotq ________ _ Perhaps it's that button there.

3 A: Who do you th ink is going to win?

B: ti's dhra ot yas . But Manchester United are a great team.

4 A: Where were you yesterday at 4.00?

B: tel e m ntkih . I was at home!

5 A: How old is Lina?

B: ml' tno eurs _________ . Maybe th irty?

O r thirty-five?

R3 REVIEW AND CHECK 3: UNITS 7-9

GRAMMAR used to

1 Complete the sentences using used to. Write two words.

I went to the cinema every week when I was a student. Now I hardly ever go.

I used to go to the cinema a lot.

2 William paints every day. He never did this before .

William to paint every day.

3 I drank fizzy drinks all the time when I was younger. Now I never drink them.

I used ________ fizzy drinks.

4 These days she reads a lot. In the past she read very little.

She didn't read much .

5 I recognise that woman. Did she live near us?

Did to live near us?

6 When I was young I played the guitar, violin, drums and flute. Now I don 't play anything.

I used ________ lots of musical instruments.

7 I remember your cousins. Did they visit you regularly years ago?

________ cousins use to stay with you?

S My father always called me Princess when I was a child. Now he calls me by my real name.

My father call me Princess.

9 I hated classical music when I was a teenager. Now I love it.

I didn't ________ like classical music.

I 0 When I was younger I was a teacher. Now I am a tour guide.

I used _ . _______ a teacher.

GRAMMAR purpose, cause and result

2 Complete the sentences with so, to or because.

Sarah was unhappy because I forgot her birthday.

2 I ate the bread I was hungry.

3 The tickets were too expensive ____ we didn't go to the concert.

4 Yuko was ill she didn 't come to class.

5 Ben went to Liberia make a documentary.

6 She was unhealthy she smoked and ate fatty foods .

7 I bought a money belt keep my passport and cash safe.

S It was really hot Pilar wore her sunhat.

9 They are here take an exam.

10 I went to the shops buy some milk.

" Sandra was cold and tired she went home.

12 Jacob didn't buy anything he didn't have any money.

FUNCTION finding out information

3A Write out the sentences in full.

I Cld u hlp me?

2 Cn u til me whr th offc is?

3 Whr cn I fnd a pst offc?

4 Wht tm ds th Ibrry opn?

5 Whn do th Issns strt?

6 Is th swmmng pi opn on Sndys?

7 I nd t spk t th director of studies.

B ® RC3.1 Listen and check.

VOCABULARY revision

4 Complete the conversations with the words in the box.

ageYt documentary lecture back travel

cure moves desk room

for spent with

A: I'm thinking about becoming a doctor.

B: So you can people?

2 A: I a year abroad after university. I went to Spain, Italy and Poland.

B: That sounds great! I'd love to around Europe.

3 A: Oh no' I left my book in the photocopying ___ _

B: You'll have to go ____ and get it.

4 A: Excuse me. Where's the registration ___ _

B: I don 't know. I'm also looking ____ it!

5 A: I hear that film director is making a _ __ _

B: Yes. It 's about a British woman who ____ to the Amazon rainforest.

6 A: I'm so bored my course!

B: I know. I saw you sleeping in the ___ ~ theatre!

GRAMMAR relative clauses

5 Complete sentences 1-6 with the phrases in the box. Use relative clauses.

builds his own hospital in India we drove to California you work quietly or borrow books was working as a model my son was born designs computer systems for businesses

The programme is about a Swiss doctor who builds his own hospital in India.

2 That 's the car _______________ _

3 France is the country ____________ _

4 I work for an IT company __________ _

5 Have you seen that friend of yours _______ _

6 A library is a place _____________ _

GRAMMAR too much/many, enough, very

6 Underline the correct alternative to complete the conversations.

I A: Do we have enough rice?

B: Enough? We have far too many/ much/ very!

2 A: Do you want some more to eat?

B: No thanks. I've eaten much/ many/ enough.

3 A: What-do you think of this photographer?

B: I think she's much/ enough / very good.

4 A: Do you like your new house?

B: Not really. It's too / much/ many small for six people.

S A: Are you enjoying life in the city?

B: It's OK, but we don't have much/ very/ many friends.

6 A: Shall we study here?

B: No. There's too many/ much/ very noise.

7 A: Do you want to buy this digital camera?

B: I'd like to, but I don't have many/ too /enough money.

FUNCTION buying things

7 A Find and correct the mistakes. There is a mistake in each sentence.

Excuse me. Do you to sell binoculars?

2 Do you have one these in a larger size?

3 Are you looking for anything in particularly?

4 It isn 't fitting me.

S Are you paying by cash or the credit card?

6 Can you just to sign here, please?

7 Where's the fit room?

B Who says the sentences: the customer (C) or the sales assistant (S)?

VOCABULARY money; multi-word verbs; shopping

8 Underline the correct answer.

Which means give money to someone for a short time: lend or borrow?

2 Which is made of paper: notes or coins?

3 Which means you put money in a company: invest in or earn?

4 Which do you do when you buy a company: take over or take in?

S Which means you stop doing something: give back or give up?

6 Which can be outside on the street: supermarket or market?

7 Which helps you if you have a problem when you are shopping: customer service or brand?

REVIEW AND CHECK 3: UNITS 7-9

GRAMMAR comparatives/superlatives

9 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

elephants / lions / are / than / bigger

2 gold / more / silver / than / expensive / is

3 this / years / is / for / weather / worst / the / many

4 Russia / world / biggest / the / in / is / the / country

S a / than / more / Mercedes / Toyota / expensive / is / a

6 it's / I've / seen / film / the / ever / exciting / most

GRAMMAR articles

10 Complete the text with a, an, the or - (no article).

I..JL plane carrying 2_ actor, 3_ politician, a monk and a cleaner is going to crash. There are only 4_ three parachutes. 5_ actor says, ' I entertain 6_ millions of people so I should live.' He takes one of 7_

parachutes and jumps out of 8_ plane. The politician says, ' I am 9_

most intelligent pe rson in 10_ England so I should live.' He "also takes 11 _ parachute and jumps. The monk says, ' I am 12_ old man and I have lived 13_ good long life. You take 14_last parachute.' The cleaner says, 'Don 't worry. The most inte lligent man in 15_ country just jumped out with my 16_ rucksack on his back.'

FUNCTION making guesses

11 Cross out the alternative that is not possible in each conversation.

A: Is that Richard in the photo?

B: He has the same hair colour but I'm not sure. It could be/~/ might be.

2 A: Are you going to the meeting tomorrow?

B: I don 't really know. Maybe / I definitely will/ Perhaps.

3 A: What's the answer to question 3?

B: I don 't know but it can 't be/it 's definitely not/ it must be c because Moscow is in Russia.

4 A: Is Paris as expensive as London?

B: It could/ can 't/ might be. When I went there a few years ago I paid € I 0 for a coffee!

S A: Why hasn 't she moved to a place nearer work?

B: I don 't know, but it can 't be/perhaps it's / it might be too expensive.

VOCABULARY natural places; the outdoors; animals

12 Put the words in the box into the correct category.

whale monkey fresh air ocean pigeon dolphin coastline eagle geographical features cheetah wildlife centre mosquito lake bear shark

natural places/ land animals animals that fly animals that live the outdoors in water

TEST

Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 17 Can I try these jeans? I I to live in Valladolid in Spain. a) on b)in c) up

a) was b) use c) used 18 This shirt doesn 't ___ _ 2 She didn't to smoke. a) fitted b) right c) fit

a) used b) regularly c) use 19 Can you ____ me some money? 3 Who did you ____ to play with when you were

a child?

a) use c) used

4 I studied for six years ____ become a doctor.

b) using

a) do b) lend c) borrow

20 She gave eating meat last year.

a) up b) out c) back

21 That was the meal I've ever eaten. a) so b) to c) for

5 I borrowed some money I wanted to buy a car.

a) good

22 That cinema is ____ away than this one.

b) best c) better

a) because b) for c) so

6 The lecture was boring ____ we left early.

a) therefore b) why c) so

7 Where I find a bookshop?

a) can b) must c) does

8 you tell me where the housing office is?

a) Shall b) Could c) Do

9 One day I'm going to travel ____ the world.

a) everywhere b) on c) around

10 He wanted to ____ famous .

a) become b) make c) have

a) father b) far c) further

23 Your boat is beautiful than ours.

a) the b) most c) more

24 At a party yesterday I met ____ man who knows you .

a) - (no article) b) a c) the

25 My dog is always barking at moon.

a) a b) - (no article) c) the

26 She's ____ best player in the team.

a) the b) a c) most

27 We go to Spain this summer but we aren't sure.

I I This is the shop ____ I worked for ten years. a) definitely b) might c) maybe a) that b) what c) where 28 The answer isn 't a or b so it ____ be c.

12 She's the woman gave me a $50 tip last week.

a) which b) who c) how

a) can't b) perhaps c) must

29 It 's one of the biggest mountain in the world .

I 3 This is the restaurant serves terrible frozen food.

a) who b) what c) that

14 I don't do exercise.

a) lines

30 I used to live in a ____ area, far from the city.

a) rural b) wildlife c) park

b) places c) ranges

a) a lot b) enough c) too

15 There are still some trams in San Francisco, but not

a) much b) very c) many

I 6 My bag is full because I bought ____ many souvenirs.

a) too b) enough c) very

/30 I