9.1 transcription. central dogma dnarnaprotein transcriptiontranslation
TRANSCRIPT
9.1 Transcription
Central Dogma
DNA RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
Translation
Genes DNA consists of genes
Each gene has a specific sequence (order) of nucleotides
The order of nucleotides determines what protein is made
Proteins Monomer: amino acids The order of nucleotides in DNA
determines the order that amino acids are bonded together to make a protein
Order of amino acids determines function of protein
Different order of a.a. different protein
RNA Structure Monomer: Nucleotides
Bases: Adenine, guanine,
cytosine, uracil Sugar:
Ribose Sugar-phosphate
backbone Single-stranded
RNA Types rRNA
Ribosomal RNA Used to make ribosomes
mRNA Messenger RNA Made during transcription in nucleus
tRNA Transfer RNA Brings new amino acids to growing protein
during translation In cytoplasm
Transcription Location: nucleus Goal:
Make a temporary mRNA strand complementary to one gene
Remember: complementary bases
DNA RNA
A
T
C
G
Transcription1. RNA Polymerase (enzyme) unzips a
part of DNA Separates DNA strands of one gene
ONLY
2. RNA polymerase Adds complementary RNA nucleotides
to one template DNA strand (strand used to make mRNA)
Transcription3. RNA nucleotides bond together
Create a RNA sugar-phosphate backbone
mRNA strand is finished!
4. mRNA leaves nucleus, DNA rezips & stays in the nucleus
Transcription
You try it Given the following DNA code, make the
complementary mRNA strand
DNA Template: T A C T T A C G A A C G G T AmRNA strand: AUGAAUGCUUGCCAU