9.17.00 1:37 pm1 3.3 periodic table the periodic table and the elements adapted from a powerpoint by...

9.17.00 1:37 PM1 3.3 Periodic Table

The Periodic Table and the Elements

Adapted from a Powerpoint by Dr. Fred Omega Garces


The Periodic Table and the ElementsWhat is the periodic table ?

What information is obtained from the table ?How can elemental properties be predicted based on the Periodic Table?


Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)In 1869 Mendeleev (Russia) and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known at the time. The periodic table is based on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by various elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each element has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is organized.

http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html

http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html


The Periodic TableA map of the building block of matter.

1IA

18VIIIA

11

H1.00797

2IIA

Periodic Table 13IIIA

14IVA

15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2He

4.0026

23

Li6.939

4Be

9.0122

5B

10.811

6C

12.0112

7N

14.0067

8O

15.9994

9F

18.9984

10Ne

20.179

311

Na22.9898

12Mg24.305

3IIIB

4IVB

5VB

6VIB

7VIIB

8 9VIIIB

10 11IB

12IIB

13Al

26.9815

14Si

28.086

15P

30.9738

16S

32.064

17Cl

35.453

18Ar

39.948

419K

39.102

20Ca40.08

21Sc

44.956

22Ti

47.90

23V

50.942

24Cr

51.996

25Mn

54.9380

26Fe

55.847

27Co

58.9332

28Ni58.71

29Cu63.54

30Zn65.37

31Ga65.37

32Ge72.59

33As

74.9216

34Se78.96

35Br

79.909

36Kr83.80

537

Rb85.47

38Sr87.62

39Y

88.905

40Zr91.22

41Nb

92.906

42Mo95.94

43Tc[99]

44Ru

101.07

45Rh

102.905

46Pd106.4

47Ag

107.870

48Cd

112.40

49In

114.82

50Sn

118.69

51Sb

121.75

52Te

127.60

53I

126.904

54Xe

131.30

655

Cs132.905

56Ba

137.34

57La

138.91

72Hf

178.49

73Ta

180.948

74W

183.85

75Re186.2

76Os190.2

77Ir

192.2

78Pt

195.09

79Au

196.967

80Hg200.59

81Tl

204.37

82Pb

207.19

83Bi

208.980

84Po[210]

85At[210]

86Rn[222]

787Fr[223]

88Ra[226]

89Ac[227]

104Ku[260]

105 106 107 108 109http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html

http://www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_table.html


Periodic Table Expanded View

The Periodic Table can be arranged by energy sub levels The s-block is Group IA and & IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA. The d-block is the transition metals, and the f-block are the Lanthanides and Actinide metalsThe way the periodic table usually shown is a compressed view. The Lanthanides and actinides (F block)are cut out and placed at the bottom of the table.


Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement

Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals1

IA18

VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

MetalsNonmetals


Periodic Table: The three broad Classes

Main, Transition, Rare EarthMain (Representative), Transition metals, lanthanides and

actinides (rare earth)


Reading the Periodic Table: Classification

Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases


Across the Periodic Table

Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (Rows 1-7)

These elements have the same number of valence shells.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

2nd Period

6th Period


Down the Periodic Table

Families are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)These elements have the same number of electrons in the outer most energy level , known as the valence shell.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell

Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell


Notable Families of the Periodic Table

Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali

Alkaline (earth)

Transition Metals

Noble GasHalogen

Chalcogens


1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Important Elements of Various Groups

Individual members of selected groups & their characteristics

H He

Li

Na

K Ca

Mg

Fe

I

Cl

F

P SSi

ONC

Al

ZnCu

Ag

Br


Periodic Table e- configurations are inherent in the

periodic table

B2p1

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

H1s1

Li2s1

Na3s1

K4s1

Rb5s1

Cs6s1

Fr7s1

Be2s2

Mg3s2

Ca4s2

Sr5s2

Ba6s2

Ra7s2

Sc3d1

Ti3d2

V3d3

Cr4s13d5

Mn3d5

Fe3d6

Co3d7

Ni3d8

Zn3d10

Cu4s13d10

B2p1

C2p2

N2p3

O2p4

F2p5

Ne2p6

He1s2

Al3p1

Ga4p1

In5p1

Tl6p1

Si3p2

Ge4p2

Sn5p2

Pb6p2

P3p3

As4p3

Sb5p3

Bi6p3

S3p4

Se4p4

Te5p4

Po6p4

Cl3p5

Be4p5

I5p5

At6p5

Ar3p6

Kr4p6

Xe5p6

Rn6p6

Y4d1

La5d1

Ac6d1

Cd4d10

Hg5d10

Ag5s14d10

Au6s15d10

Zr4d2

Hf5d2

Rf6d2

Nb4d3

Ta5d3

Db6d3

Mo5s14d5

W6s15d5

Sg7s16d5

Tc4d5

Re5d5

Bh6d5

Ru4d6

Os5d6

Hs6d6

Rh4d7

Ir5d7

Mt6d7

Ni4d8

Ni5d8


Periodic Table: Electron behaviorThe periodic table can be classified by the behavior of

their electrons

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

West (South) Mid-plains East (North)METALS

AlkaliAlkaline

Transition

METALLOID NON-METALSNoble gasHalogensCalcogens

These elementstend to give up

e- and formCATIONS

These elementswill give up e- or

accept e-

These elementstend to accept

e- and formANIONS


2. Trend in Atomic RadiusAtomic Radius:

The size of an atom is determined by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the lower left corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.


3. Trends in Ionization Energy

Ionization energy:

The energy required to remove the valence electron from an atom is known as the ionization energy. Largest toward upper right corner of periodic table since these atoms hold on to their valence e- the tightest.


4. Trend in Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity:

The energy released when an electron is added to an atom. The electron affinity is highest among the elements of the upper right corner of the periodic table (excluding the noble gases) since these atoms have a great affinity for electrons.


Summary of TrendsPeriodic Table and Periodic Trends1. Electron Configuration

2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward lower left

3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward upper right 4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable upper right


Summary

Periodic Table: Map of the Building blocks of matter

Types : Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal

Blocks: S,P, D, and F Representative or main = S and P

Blocks Transition = D Block Lanthanide/Actanides = F Block

Families Elements in the same column have similar

or Groups: chemical properties because of similar numbers and types of valence

electrons Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Chalcogens,

Halogens, Noble gases

Periods : Elements in the same row have valence electrons in

the same energy level.

9.17.00 1:37 pm1 3.3 periodic table the periodic table and the elements adapted from a powerpoint by...

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