92047344-smaw

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Shielded Metal Arc Welding What Is Welding?

Process of joining metals / alloys

The process performed by Heat with or without Pressure Filler metal may or may not be used

The joint will be homogeneous

Classification of Welding

Pressure Welding – With Heat & Pressure

Fusion Welding – With Heat & mostly with Filler

Pressure Welding Process Metal parts heated to forging temperature Heating by Oven, Oxy fuel flame or Electric Resistance

Pressure applied on heated parts – by Hammer, Hydraulic Press or Mechanical lever The Parts remain permanent homogeneous joint

Types of Pressure Welding Forge Welding Resistance Butt / Flash Butt / Stud Welding

Resistance Spot Welding

Resistance Seam welding

Fusion Welding Process

Metal parts locally heated to melt along the joint. Heating by oxy fuel flame or electric Arc.

Invariably filler metal added to molten pool.

On cooling, molten puddle solidifies to permanent homogeneous joint.

Types of Fusion Welding

Shielded Metal Arc Welding- SMAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding - GTAW Gas Metal Arc Welding – GMAW (MIG / MAG / FCAW) Submerged Arc Welding – SAW Gas welding – Oxy Fuel Gas Electron Beam Welding – EBW Laser Welding Thermit Welding

SMAW Process An electric Arc struck between electrode and base metal joint Base metal melts under arc

Electrode tip melts in drops and transfers to molten pool of BM Electrode with Arc moves along the joint keeping constant arc length

On cooling pool solidifies

Arc

Base Metal

Flux

Coating

Core Wire

Pool

+

_

2

Equipment, Accessories & tools

Power Source

Welding Cables, Holder & Earthing Clamp Head Screen, Hand gloves, Chipping Hammer & Wire Brush

Types of Power Source Inverter- DC

Thyristor – DC Diesel Generator Set -DC

Rectifier – DC

Transformer – AC

Characteristic of Power Source

Electrode Consumable

Metallic Wire Coated with Flux Conducts Current and generates Arc

Wire melts & deposited as filler in joint

Flux Coating on Electrode Sodium Chloride Potassium Chloride

Titanium Dioxide

Sodium Silicate Ferrosilicon

Iron Powder Alloying Elements

Binding Material

Function Of Flux in welding Stabilizes Arc Prevents contamination of weld metal

Cleans the weld from unwanted impurities

Increases fluidity of molten metal Generates inert gas shielding while metal transfers

Forms slag after melting & covers weld Allows deposited metal to cool slowly

Introduces alloying elements in the weld

Increases deposition efficiency Minimizes the spatter generation

Helps in even & uniform bead finish

Manual weldingAutomatic / Semi Automatic

welding

Drooping – Cons. A Linear – Cons. V

V V

A

Vertical

CurveHorizontal

Curve

V1

V2

A1 A2

V1V2

A1 A2

3

CS & LAS Electrode Sizes & Recommended Currents

Apex. Cost of CS & SS Electrodes

ASME Classification of Electrodes

SFA 5.1

E 7018 E = Electrode 70 = UTS in 1000 psi (60/70/80/90/100/ 110) 1 = Position (1= all, 2= only 1G, 1F & 2F, 4= All with 3G Down) 8 = Type of coating & Current + Polarity (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

ASME Classification of CS / LAS Electrodes

SFA5.5 E7018A1 =70,000 PSI, E8018B2 = 80,000 PSI E9018D1 = 90,000 PSI, E10018D2 = 100,000 PSI

SFA 5-1 E7018 = All Position E7028 = Only 1G, 1F & 2F E7048 = All Position with 3G Down E7018 = Type of coating, Current & Polarity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

No

Core Wire (in mm)Gage

Current

Time required for burning in seconds

Average electrodes

consumed in 8 Hrs shift

Dia Length

1 2 300 14 40 – 60 A 50-55 ---

2 2.5 350 12 60 – 85 A 60-65 ---

3 3.15 450 10 100 – 130 A 80 -85 120 - 140

4 4 450 8 130 – 180 A 85-90 110 - 120

5 5 450 6 150 – 210 A 90-95 80 - 90

6 6.3 450 4 240 – 250 A 95-100 60 -70

Electrode Quality

AWS Classification

Core Wire ( in mm ) Cost Per Piece

( in Rupees) Dia Length

CS

E6013 3.15 450 3.00

E7018 3.15 450 6.30

SS

E308L 3.15 350 22.30

E309 3.15 350 31.60

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ASME Classification for CS Electrodes

ASME Classification for LAS Electrodes - SFA5.5

ASME Classification of SS Electrodes SFA 5.4 E308L-15 E316H-16 E317-26 E310Mo-16 E309Cb-16 E347–17 E = Electrode 308, 316, 317, 310, 309,347, 318 etc = Chemical Composition L, H, Mo, Cb = Low carbon, High carbon, Moly, Columbium (optional) 1 = All position, 2 = Only Flat & Horizontal fillet 5, 6 &7 = Type of coating + current & polarity

Baking Of Basic Coated Electrodes Bake the loose electrodes in a baking Oven

Baking temperature 250° C to 300° C

Baking time 2 Hrs to 3 Hrs

AC or DC , Elec + VeAllLow Hydrogen Potassium, Iron PowderE6018 / E7018

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - Ve AllHigh Titania PotassiumE6013

AC or DC , Elec – VeAllHigh Titania SodiumE6012

AC or DC , Elec + VeAllHigh Cellulose PotassiumE6011

DC , Elec + VeAllHigh Cellulose SodiumE6010

Current & PolarityWelding Position

Type of Coating/CoveringAWS

Classification

DC, Elec + VeAllLow Hydrogen SodiumE7015

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - VeAllIron Powder TitaniaE7014

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - VeF & H FilletHigh Iron Oxide, Iron PowderE6027 / E7027

AC or DC , Elec – VeF & H FilletHigh Iron OxideE6022

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - VeF & H FilletHigh Iron OxideE6020

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - VeAllIron Oxide Titania PotassiumE6019

AC or DC , Elec + VeAll With V DownLow Hydrogen Potassium, Iron PowderE7048

AC or DC , Elec + VeF & H FilletLow Hydrogen Potassium, Iron PowderE7028

AC or DC, Elec + Ve / - VeF & H FilletIron Powder TitaniaE7024

DC, Elec + VeAllLow Hydrogen Iron PowderE7018M

AC or DC, Elec + VeAllLow Hydrogen PotassiumE7016

Mn= 1.0 – 1.8%1.5Mn, 0.5Mo, 0.9NiManganese Moly electrodeE9018- D3

Max. limit of alloy1Mn,0.5Ni,0.3Cr,0.2Mo,0.1VGeneral LAS electrodeE8018- G

Mn= 1.65 – 2%1.75Mn, 0.35Mo, 0.9NiManganese Moly electrodeE9018- D2

Mn= 1.0 – 1-75 %1.5Mn, 0.35Mo, 0.9NiManganese Moly electrode E9018-D1

1.5NiNickel steel electrode E8018-C4

1Ni,0.15Cr. 0.35Mo, 0.05VNickel steel electrodeE8018-C3

3.5NiNickel steel electrodeE8018-C2

2.5NiNickel steel electrodeE8018-C1

C ≤ 0.05%5Cr. 0.5MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B6L

C=0.05 – 0.1%5Cr. 0.5MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B6

C= 0.07 – 0.15%0.5Cr. 1Mo, 0.05VChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8016-B5

C ≤ 0.05%2Cr. 0.5MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8015-B4L

C ≤ 0.05%2.25Cr. 1MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B3L

C= 0.05 – 0.12%2.25Cr. 1MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B3

C ≤ 0.05%1/1.25Cr. 0.5MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B2L

C= 0.05 – 0.12%1/1.25Cr. 0.5MoChrom.Moly Electrode E8018-B2

C= 0.05 – 0.12%0.5Cr. 0-5MoChrom.Moly ElectrodeE8018-B1

C ≤ 0.12%0.5% MoCarbon Moly Electrode. E7018-A1

RemarksAlloy ContentType of LAS ElectrodeAWS

5

Reduce the temperature to 100° C Hold the electrodes at this temperature till use

Alternatively 15 baked electrodes can be packed in vacuum sealed foils and stored out side Consume all 15 electrodes within 2 Hrs after breaking the sealing

Unused / left over electrodes to be re-baked

Why Baking?

To remove the moisture (H2O) from coating which will avoid possible cracking of weld?

How Does Moist Electrode Generate Crack Within Weld? Moist electrodes introduce atomic hydrogen at high temperature in weld On cooling, atomic hydrogen try to form molecules

The attraction / force results in stresses and fine cracks

Cracks occur within hardened metal - HAZ Known as “Hydrogen Embrittlement” , “Under Bead Crack”, HIC, Delayed Crack, Cold Crack.

Important Terminologies used in Critical Welding Operation Preheating

Post Heating or Dehydrogenation Intermediate Stress relieving

Inter pass Temperature Post Weld Heat Treatment

What Is Preheating? Heating the base metal along the weld joint to a predetermined minimum temperature

immediately before starting the weld. Heating by Oxy fuel flame or electric resistant coil

Heating from opposite side of welding wherever possible Temperature to be verified by thermo chalks prior to starting the weld

Why Preheating?

Preheating eliminates possible cracking of weld and HAZ

Applicable to

Hard enable low alloy steels of all thickness Carbon steels of thickness above 25 mm.

Restrained welds of CS & LAS of all thickness

Preheating temperature vary from 75°C to 300°C depending on harden ability of material,

thickness & joint restraint

How does Preheating Eliminate Crack?

Preheating promotes slow cooling of weld and HAZ

Slow cooling softens or minimise hardening of weld and HAZ of CS & LAS Soft material not prone to crack even in restrained condition

What Is Post Heating/Dehydrogenation?

Raising the pre heating temperature of the weld joint to a predetermined temperature range (250° C to 350° C) for a minimum period of time (3 Hrs) before the weld cools down to room

temperature. Post Heating applicable to joints welded with Preheat

Post heating performed when welding is completed or terminated any time in between.

Heating by Oxy fuel flame or electric resistant coil Heating from opposite side of welding wherever possible

Temperature verified by thermo chalks during the period

Why Post Heating? Post heating eliminates possible delayed cracking of weld and HAZ Applicable to

o Thicker hard enable low alloy steels

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o Restrained hard enable welds of all thickness Post heating temperature and duration depends on harden ability of material, thickness &

joint restrain

How does Post Heating Eliminate Crack? SMAW introduces hydrogen in weld metal Entrapped hydrogen in weld metal induces delayed cracks unless removed before cooling to

room temperature Retaining the weld at a higher temperature for a longer duration allows the material to

remain comparatively soft. This allows hydrogen to come out of weld / to grain boundaries in molecular form without

cracks

What Is Intermediate Stress Relieving? Heat treating a subassembly in a furnace / locally along the weld joint to a predetermined

cycle immediately on completion of critical restrained weld joint / joints without allowing the

welds to cool down from pre heat temperature. Rate of heating, Soaking temperature,

Soaking time and rate of cooling depends on material quality and thickness ISR applicable to joints welded with Preheat

Applicable to Highly restrained air hard enable material

Why Intermediate Stress Relieving?

Restrained welds in air hard enable steel highly prone to crack on cooling to room temperature.

Cracks due to entrapped hydrogen, hardened HAZ and built in stress “Intermediate stress relieving” makes the joint free from crack prone by

o Relieving built in stresses

o Relieving entrapped hydrogen.

o Softening HAZ.

What Is Inter- Pass Temperature?

The temperature of a previously layed weld bead immediately before depositing the next

bead over it Temperature to be verified by thermo chalk prior to starting next bead on base metal

adjacent to weld bead.

Applicable to o Stainless Steel

o Carbon Steel & LAS with minimum impact

Why Inter Pass Temperature?

Control on inter pass temperature avoids overheating, there by

Refines the weld metal with fine grains Improves the notch toughness properties

Minimize the loss of alloying elements in welds Reduces the distortion

What Is Post Weld Heat Treatment?

Heat treating an assembly on completion of all applicable welding, in an enclosed furnace with controlled heating/cooling rate and soaking at a specific temperature for a specific time.

Rate of heating, Soaking temperature, Soaking time and rate of cooling depends on material quality and thickness

Applicable to All type of CS & LAS

Why Post Weld Heat Treatment? Welded joints retain internal stresses within the structure

HAZ of welds remains invariably hardened

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“Post Weld Heat Treatment” relieves internal stresses and softens HAZ. This reduces the cracking tendency of the equipment in service

Welding Terminologies used in Qualifications Heat Input

Heat Affected Zone – HAZ Dilution

Overlap In Weld Overlay Tempering Bead

What Is Heat Input In Welding? The extent of heat energy generated in Joules per unit length while making each weld bead.

“Heat Input” is the Function of Welding Current, Arc Voltage, And the Welding Speed

It is measured in Joules - Heat Input in Joules / mm

= (A x V x 60) ÷ Travel Speed in mm / min

Why Control On Heat input? “Heat Input” controls the grain size of weld metal.

Lower the Heat input finer the grain size.

Finer the Grain size Better the impact properties

“Heat Input” Also controls Dilution, width of HAZ, Geometry of Bead size & distortion

What Is Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

A small volume of BM adjacent to weld fusion line, which is totally changed in its structure due to intense heat of each weld bead, is known HAZ

What Is Significant Of HAZ? It is a part and parcel of weld joint

It is inevitable It has properties different from BM & Weld Metal

What Is Dilution in Weld In all Fusion welding, a small portion of BM very close to the welding heat gets melted and

added to weld zone / fusion zone. Dilution is the ratio of molten base metal volume (Area) to

the volume (Area) of total fusion zone % Dilution = (Area of Diluted BM ÷Total Fused Area) × 100

Weld Zone

HAZDiluted BM

Diluted BM

Weld Zone

Fusion Line

Weld Zone

HAZDiluted BM

Diluted BM

Weld Zone

Fusion Line

Weld / Fusion Zone

Fusion Line

HAZ

Diluted BM

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What Is Significant Of Dilution Weld metal chemistry changes depending on the extent of dilution

Chemical elements influence Physical properties of the joint. Weld chemistry influences corrosion resistance of weld overlays

What Is Overlap In Weld Overlay?

The extent of covering or over lapping of previous weld bead by the adjacent bead.

What Is Significant Of Overlap In Weld Overlay?

Overlap of 40 to 50% results in Less Dilution & more weld overlay Thickness per layer

Less dilution results weld metal chemistry more towards filler metal chemistry

What Is Temper Bead Technique? In a multi pass groove & Fillet Welds, each bead & its HAZ are getting tempered (heat

treated) by the welding heat of the next bead. Thus all beads & their HAZ, except those in last layer, are tempered.

Temper beads are the specially & carefully welded temporary beads on the top of final weld reinforcement without allowing to generate any HAZ within the BM. Temper beads are to be

ground flush with the required reinforcement.

Temper Bead Temper Bead T1 & T2 Not To Generate HAZ In BM Temper Beads To Be Ground Flush

Weld Zone

HAZDiluted BM

Diluted BM

Weld Zone

Fusion Line

40 to 50 % Over Lap

Less DilutionMore Dilution

10 to 15 % Over Lap

More Thickness

Less Thickness

40 to 50 % Over Lap 10 to 15 % Over Lap

Less Dilution More DilutionMore Thickness

Less Thickness

T2T1

21

3 34 4

55

T1 & T2 To be ground Flush

HAZ

Rqd. Reinforcement

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Common Defects in SMAW 1. Crack 2. Lack of Fusion

3. Slag 4. Porosity 5. Pinhole 6. Piping

7. Undercut 8. Overlap

9. Lack of Penetration 10. Excess Penetration 11. Spatters 12. Suck Back

13. Under Flush 14. Burn Through 15. Uneven Bead 16.Stray Arcing

Crack

Lack of Fusion

Slag

Porosity

Cause Remedy

1) Wrong Consumable

2) Wrong Procedure

3) Improper Preheat

4) Excessive Restrain

1) Use Right Electrode

2) Qualify Procedure

3) Preheat Uniformly

4) Post heating or ISR

crack

Cause Remedy1) Inadequate Current

2) Wrong Electrode angle

3) Improper bead placement

1) Use Right Current

2) Train /Qualify welder

3) Train/Qualify Welder

Lack Of Fusion

Cause Remedy

1) Inadequate Cleaning

2) Inadequate Current



1) Clean each bead

2) Use Right Current

3) Train / Qualify welder

4) Train / Qualify Welder

Slag

Cause Remedy

1) Damp Electrode

2) Damaged coating

3) Wet surface of BM

4) Rusted core wire

1) Bake the electrodes

2) Replace the electrodes

3) Clean & warm the BM


Porosity . .

10

Pinhole

Piping

Undercut

Overlap

Cause Remedy

1) Damp Electrode

2) Damaged coating

3) Wet surface of BM/WM

4) Rusted core wire



3) Clean & warm the BM


Pinhole

•

Cause Remedy

1) Damp Electrode

2) Damaged coating

3) Previous beads wet

4) Rusted core wire



3) Clean & warm the weld


Piping

•

Cause Remedy

1) Excess Current

2) Excess Voltage

3) Improper Electrode

angle

5) Eccentric Coating

1) Reduce the Current

2) Reduce Arc length

3) Train & Qualify the

Welder

5) Replace the electrode

Under cut

Cause Remedy

1) Wrong Electrode Angle

2) Inadequate current

1) Train & Qualify welder

3) Increase the current

Overlap

11

Lack of Penetration*

* Applicable to SSFPW

Excess Penetration*

* Applicable to SSFPW

Spatters

Suck Back*

* Applicable to SSFPW in 4G, 3G & 2G

Cause Remedy

1) Excess Root Face

2) Inadequate Root opening

3) Over size electrode



6) Improper weaving

technique

1) Reduce Root Face

2) Increase Root Opening

3) Reduce electrode size



6) Train & Qualify Welder

LOP

Cause Remedy

2) Excess root opening

3) Excess Current

4) Inadequate root face


2) Reduce root gap

3) Reduce Current

4) Increase Root face


Excess Penetration

Cause Remedy

1) Excess Current

2) Excess Voltage

3) Wrong Polarity

4) Wet Electrodes

5) Rusted BM surface

6) Rusted Core wire

7) Eccentrics coating

1) Reduce to Right Current


3) Correct the polarity

4) Use Baked electrodes

5) Clean BM surface



Spatters

• • •

Cause Remedy

1) Excess weaving in root

2) Excess Current

3) Inadequate root face


1)Reduce weaving

2) Reduce Current

3) Increase Root face


Suck Back

12

Under Flush

Burn through*

Uneven Bead Finish

Stray Arcing

Cause Remedy

1) Inadequate weld beads in

final layer

2) Inadequate understanding on weld reinforcement requirement

3) Wrong selection of Electrode

size for final layer

1) Weld some more beads

in final layer

2) Train / Qualify welder


Under flush

Cause Remedy

1) Excess Current

2) Excess Root opening

3) Inadequate Root face

4) Improper weaving

1) Reduce the Current

2) Reduce root opening

3) Increase root face


Burn trough

Cause Remedy

1) Improper bead

placement

2) Excess Voltage

3) Excess / inadequate

current


Welder



Welder

Uneven bead finish

Cause Remedy

1) Wrong Arc Striking Practice

2) Inadequate Skill of Welder

1) Train the Welder

2) Train the Welder

Arc Strikes

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Good Engineering Practices in Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Do Welding with properly baked electrodes

Basic coated CS electrodes to be baked to 250°C to 300°C for two hours

Baked electrodes to be directly used on job or to be retained in a hold over oven at 100°C

until use Unused balance electrodes shall be returned to baking oven

Do not weld with damp Electrodes Do not try to heat electrodes by touching the job (Short circuiting)

Do not use electrodes with damaged coating

Do not use electrodes with cracked coating Do not bend the electrodes after holding it in the holder

Do not weld on groove / surface with mill scale or rusting Prior to welding, clean the weld groove with power wire wheel

Do not weld with unidentified electrodes

Do not leave balance electrodes unattended on shop All connections with earthing and welding cables shall be tight fitted

Earthing clamp shall always be tightly connected to the job Burn the full length of electrode below 50 mm in stub length

Earthing cable shall directly connect to the job with an earthing clamp.

Tacks for set up shall be minimum 5 times the electrode diameter Weaving shall be limited to three times the electrode diameter.

Only trained & qualified welders shall be employed for welding Do not direct fan or blower to welding arc

Remove paint if any from the area near welding While welding in open, area shall be covered to protect from rain water & breeze

Weld edge preparation shall be free from serrations

Use poison plates between the job material & structural supports. Do not damage parent metal while removing temporary supports.

Locations where from temporary supports are removed shall be touched up by welding / grinding and PT checked.

Remove visible defects from welds before placing the subsequent beads

Do not weld over a visible crack Electrodes kept outside more than 2 Hrs shall be returned to baking oven

Maximum 15 electrodes at a time shall be taken from oven for welding When preheat is required, heat from opposite side of welding.

Use temperature indicating crayons for checking temperature Does not Weld more than specified weld size- Fillet / Reinforcement?

Safety Precautions in SMAW Welders shall use safety devises – Hand gloves, Head screen with right glass & Safety shoes

Welders shall use full sleeve boiler suit Use welding glass-DIN 11/12 up to 250 Amps and 13 above 250 Amps

Do not look at the arc with naked eyes Do not throw Stubs on ground. They shall be placed in stub collector.

Do not keep electrode in the holder when work is not in progress

Do not touch the electrode held on holder and the job when the power source is on Keep welding cables duly wound near power source when no welding is done

Acetone / inflammable liquids (Chemical for dye penetrate test) shall not be brought near welding

Gas cutting unit / fuel gas cylinders shall be away from welding area

Wet safety Shoes or wet hand gloves shall not be worn while welding Do not breath welding fumes

When working in confined area, ensure adequate ventilation / exhaust Gas cutting torch / preheating burner shall not be taken inside confined area unless the flame

is lit When not in use, switch off the power source from electric supply

14

Commonly used SS Electrodes

(Undiluted weld metal composition- SFA5.4)

0.030.041.00.5- 2.5---3.0-4.012-1418-210.08E317 – 16

0.030.041.00.5- 2.5---3.0-4.012-1418-210.04E317L – 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2,5---2.0-3.011-1417 - 200.04 – 0.E316H - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2,5---2.0-3.011-1417 - 200.04E316L – 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2,5---2.0-3.011-1417 - 200.08E316 – 16

0.030.030.751.0 – 2.5 ---2.0-3.020 – 22.525 - 28 0.12E310Mo - 16

0.030.030.751.0 – 2.5 ---0.7520 – 22.525 - 28 0.35 – 0.45E310H – 16

Cu= 0.75 mAX

0.030.030.751.0 – 2.5 0.7 - 10.7520 – 22.525 - 28 0.12E310Cb – 16

0.030.030.751.0 – 2.5 ---0.7520 – 22.525 - 28 0.08-0.20E310 - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---2.0-3.012 - 1422 - 250.12E309Mo - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.7512 - 1422 - 250-12E309Cb - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.7512 - 1422 - 250.04E309L - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.7512 - 1422 - 250.04 – 0.15E309H – 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.7512 - 1422 - 250.15E309 - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.759 - 1118 - 210.04E308L - 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.759 - 1118 - 210.04 – 0.08E308H – 16

0.030.041.00.5 – 2.5---0.759 - 1118 - 210.08E308 - 16

SPSiMnCbMoNiCrCAWS

@ N=0.08 – 0.20, # N=0.10 – 0.25, € N=0.08 – 0.25 , ¥ N=0.2 – 0.3

0.041.00.5 – 2.0--2.9 – 3.98.5 – 10.524 - 270.04E2593 – 16 €

0.041.00.5 – 2.0--3.5 – 4.58 – 10.524 - 270.4E2594 – 16 ¥

0.041.00.5 – 1.5---2.9 – 3.9 6.6 – 8.524 - 270.06E2553 – 16 #

0.041.00.5-2.0--2.5 – 3.58.5 – 10.525.5 -23.50.04E2209 - 16 @

0.041.01.00.5 – 1.50.750.615 - 180.1E430Cb – 16

0.040.91.0--0.750.615 - 180.1E430 - 16

0.040.91.0--0.4 – 0.74.5 - 511- 12.50.06E410NiMo - 16

0.040.91.0---0.750.711- 13.50.12E410 - 16

0.041.01.00.5 – 1.50.750.611 - 140.12E409Cb – 16

0.041.00.5 – 2.5 8*C0.759 - 1118 - 210.08E347 - 16

0.041.00.5 – 2.56*C2.0 – 3.011 - 1417 - 200.08E318 - 16

PSiMnCbMoNiCrCAWS

92047344-smaw

Documents

shielded metal arc welding

types of fusion welding

heat pressure fusion

pressure filler metal

electric arc

deposited metal

arc wire melts

contamination of weld