922105 antioxidants

8/9/2019 922105 Antioxidants

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!o modern li"e st#les reduce longevit# $

%ur &lan is to lead a long and 'a& li"e, #et 'o(t'is is to )e done ma# not )e clear "or certain age

grou&s, li"e st#les and s&ecial &ro)lems li*e

cultural dis&utes or lac* o" +o) s*ills -'is &lan

includes desira)le (eig't, regular excercise anda)stinence "rom smo*ing, excessive alco'ol and

elicit drug use !iet education can )e one o" t'e

dominant t'emes Es&eciall# )ene"icial "oods are

so#a, unsaturated "att# acids, &'#tosterols and&'#tosterol esters, carotenoids, &ol#&'enols,

&'#toestrogens and "lavanoids, etc, dietar# "i)er,

vitamins E, C and B, "olic acid and selenium,

&otassium, .inc and magnesium


3/25

/ill #ou last longer i" #ou eat less $

%)esit#, dia)etes mellitus, '#&ertension,

'#&erli&idemia, coronar# arter# disease and

some cancers li*e )reast cancer aresometimes considered life style diseases.

-'e A0!S disaster, 'unger and &over# ma# not

allo( a clear vision o" t'e &resent universal-RANS0-0%N "rom "ocus "rom acute in"ectious

diseases to chronic ones


4/25

Antioxidants are &rotective agents t'at inactivate

reactive ox#gen ions and t'us dela# or &revent

oxidative damage Antioxidant en.#mes li*e

su&eroxide dismutase, catalase and glutat'ione&eroxidase are naturall# &resent (it'in 'uman cells

0n addition, antioxidants suc' as vitamins E and C

1ascor)ic acid2, &ol#&'enols and carotenoids are

availa)le in "ood

Current dietar# guidelines to com)at c'ronic

diseases, including cancer and coronar# arter#

disease 1CA!2, recommend increased inta*e o" &lant

"oods -'is includes "ruits and vegeta)les, ('ic' are

ric' sources o" antioxidants -'e role o" dietar#

antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E,

carotenoids and &ol#&'enols in disease &reventionis em&'asi.ed


5/25

Flavanoids

Flavonols, "lavones and iso"lavones )elongto t'e 3 su)classes o" "lavonoids Flavonols

and "lavones 'ave similar C4ring structure

(it' a dou)le )ond at t'e 543 &osition

Flavones, as o&&osed to "lavonols, lac* a

'#drox#l grou& at t'e 34&osition a+or

"lavonols include 6uercetin

13,7,8,39,:94&enta'#drox#"lavone2,*aem&"erol 13,7,8,:94tetra'#drox#"lav4one2

and m#ricetin

13,7,8,39,:9,794'exa'#drox#"lavone2


6/25

Anot'er im&ortant dietar# antioxidant is

l#co&ene o" tomatoes

-'e most (idel# "ound com&ounds are

"lavonols, "lavones, "lavan434ols,

iso"lavones, "lavanones, "lavanols,ant'oc#anidines and &roant'o4c#anidines

Flavonoids are almost u)i6uitous in &lant

"oods 1vegeta)les, cereals, legumes, "ruits,

nuts, etc2 and )everages 1(ine, cider, )eer,

tea, cocoa, etc2 -reat &otatoes as +ust

starc' ;


7/25

Allium sul&'ur lee*s, onions and garlic

com&ounds<

Ant'oc#anins< egg&lant, gra&es and )erries

Beta4carotene< &um&*in, mangoes, a&ricots, carrots,

s&inac' and &arsle#

Catec'ins< red (ine and tea

Co&&er< sea"ood, lean meat, mil* and nuts

Cr#&toxant'ins< red ca&sicum, &um&*in and mangoes

Flavonoids< tea, green tea, citrus "ruits, red (ine,

onion and a&&les

Sources o" antioxidants


8/25

/'at is a serving $

%ne medium4si.ed "ruit or vegeta)le is t'e

sim&lest "orm o" a serving A serving can )e

=57 ml or =>5 a cu& o" ra(, coo*ed, "ro.en or

canned vegeta)les or "ruit A &er"ectexam&le is a small glass o" orange, carrot or

tomato +uice !rin*ing +uice made "rom

concentrate (ill not do 0nstead, )u# real

+uice (it' &ul& ('ic' includes all t'eessential nutrients -'e serving is a

convenient #et vague term, &er'a&s o"

538457? ml A slice o" )read is a serving


9/25

!iet

=> C'oose a VARIETY o" "oods

5> Balance t'e "ood #ou eat (it' &'#sical

activit# aintain or im&rove #our (eig't

3> C'oose a diet (it' &lent# o" grain&roducts, vegeta)les and "ruit

:> C'oose a diet lo( in "at, saturated "at and

c'olesterol

7> @et a diet moderate in sugars, salt and

sodium


10/25

Lo(er oderate ig'er

=,?? 5,5?? 5,?? calories

@rain @rou& Servings D ==

egeta)le @rou& Servings

3 : 7

il* @rou& Servings543= 543= 543=

eat @rou&5 1ounces2

7 8

-otal Fat3 1grams2

73 83 D3

-otal Added Sugars: 1teas&oons2

=5 =

Fruit @rou& Servings

5 3 :


11/25


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13/25

Some use"ul lin*s

Antioxidant vitamin t'era

Nutrition and 'ealt' 1in Russian2 'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec=?7:=>index'tm

editerranean diet and cardiovascular disease

&revention'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec35=>index'tm

Li&ids and cardiovascular disease &revention'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec75=>index'tm

and

'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec758=>index'tm

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5271/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec5261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3261/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htmhttp://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec10541/index.htm


14/25

%)esit# is measured )# t'e Body Mass Index

(BMI). -'e B0 (as invented )# t'e Belgianmat'ematician Iuetelet 1=8D4=8:2 ('o (as

"ortunate enoug' to )e a student o" both La Place

and Fourier -'is universall# a&&lied index is

(eig't in *g over 'eig't in m s6uaredB0 is one o" t'e "e( "actors 1varia)les2 t'at

a&&lies e6uall# to men and (omen

Anot'er measure is t'e Basal Metabolic Rate

(BMR). -'e )asal meta)olic rate is calculated in*ilocalories>da# according to e6uations given )#

arris J Benedict in =D=D But see /eir, K P'#siol

=D:D=?Dmin or *K>da#

Bod# ass 0ndex J Basal eta)olic Rate


15/25

C'olesterol

/'en t'ere is too muc' c'olesterol in t'e)lood, it )uilds u& in t'e (alls o" t'e arteries

to )ecome at'erosclerosis or 'ardening o"

t'e arteries /'en )lood cannot circulate

normall#, t'ere ma# )e c'est &ains and evena 'eart attac*

-'ese values are< -otal c'olesterol L!L 1lo(

densit# )ad ; c'olesterol2 M t'e main source

o" c'olesterol )uildu& and )loc*age in t'e

arteries, !L 1'ig' densit# good ;

c'olesterol2 M 'el&s sto& c'olesterol "rom

)uilding u& in t'e arteries -rigl#cerides areanot'er "orm o" "at in )lood


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17/25

%)esit#

-'e central issue mig't )e lac* o" disci&line to

control overeating, )ut t'is conclusion ma# )e(rong Still, eating can )e vie(ed as one more

addiction, and next our societ# ma*es t'is a

moral issue t'us ma*ing it too eas# to insult

"at &eo&le Nevert'eless, t'e "ood addict lives

in 'is own (orld and (ill 'ave to )rea* 'is

o(n c'ains

%)esit# 'as 3?? or more B0, ('ereasover(eig't is 57?45D7 B0 -'e normal range

is =745:D B0 Belo( =7 B0 is t'e

condition anorexia nerviosa in #oung (omen

('o grievousl# undereat


18/25

!ia)etes

0nsulin is not &roduced in -#&e = and not

&ro&erl# used in -#&e 5 dia)etes

ig' car)o'#drate, 'ig' "i)er diets can

reduced insulin dosage )# :? G, "asting )loodglucose )# 458 G and serum c'olesterol )#

=?435 G See also Ken*ins et al, N Engl K ed

=DD3< 35D< 5=45

Li*e o)esit#, dia)etes is an extremel# active

"ield t'at is ex&ected to ta*e great strides

no( Nonet'eless, dia)etes (ill *ill t'ose ('o

do not "ollo( t'eir diet


19/25

At'erosclerosis

At'erosclerosis ta*es &lace in t'e ma+orarteries and is t'e underl#ing cause o" 'eart

attac*s, stro*e and &eri&'eral arter#

disease -'e earliest detecta)le lesions,

called "att# strea*s, contain macro&'age"oam cells t'at are derived "rom recruited

monoc#tes ore advanced lesions, called

"i)ro4"att# &la6ues, are t'e result o"

continued monoc#te recruitment andsmoot' muscle cell migration and

&roli"eration


20/25

#&ertension

%ne central t'eme is enoug' ox#gen "or normalcardiac "unction

Angina &ectoris 'as c'est &ain arising "rom t'e

'eart due to a lac* o" ox#gen to t'e 'eartmuscle 0t can )e )roug't on )# exercise,

emotional u&set or 'eav# meals Normall# t'e

arteries t'at su&&l# )lood to t'e 'eart can co&e

(it' an increased demand, )ut i" coronar# arter#

disease 1CA!2 is &resent or 'ig' )lood &ressure,

t'e )lood "lo( is restricted CA! a""ects men

over age 37 and &ostmeno&ausal (omen


21/25

Stro*e

A stro*e or )rain attac* occurs ('en a )lood

clot )loc*s an arter# or a )lood vessel )rea*s,interru&ting )lood "lo( to an area o" t'e )rain

Brain cells )egin to die, and damage occurs

A)ilities controlled )# t'at area o" t'e )rain are

lost -'ese a)ilities include s&eec', movement

and memor# Some &eo&le recover com&letel#

"rom stro*es, )ut more t'an 5>3 o" survivors (ill

'ave some t#&e o" disa)ilit#-'e ris* o" 'aving a stro*e is &er'a&s = G &er

#ear Reduce c'olesterol -r# an as&irin a da#,

)ut t'is is surel# not "or ever#one


22/25

acular degeneration o" t'e retina

acular degeneration damages and

destro#s t'e central vision o" u& to one in 3

&ersons in t'eir li"etime and 'as no *no(ncause or cure 0t can a""ect an#one,

regardless o" age or sex

See 'tt&>(((e#esig'torg>

http://www.eyesight.org/http://www.eyesight.org/


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24/25

Cancer

ore "ruit less meat and ot'er advice "or

general dietar# im&rovement are sim&l#

re&eated "or cancer &revention !ecisive

"acts seem illusive

ore mutations t'an*s to ex&osure o" !NA

to more "ree radicals can lead to various

cancers Still, i" OKust give us t'e "acts is

a&&lied, little mig't )e "ort'coming


25/25

Conclusions

-'e re&lacement o" animal )# &lant &roteins

'as )een reeatedly suggested 0t seemso)vious t'at t'e 'eavil# adverti.ed "oods

are t'e 'ig' calorie ones -'ese tast# 'ig'4

energ# "oods are t'e ones to avoid! ore

"ruits, vegeta)les and "i)er in t'e diet can

com)at t'e o)esit# e&idemic As t'e

develo&ment o" c'ronic li"est#le diseases are

strongl# in"luenced )# diet, and as (eC%N-R%L our diets, t'e timel# dissemination

o" nutritional *no(ledge seems im&erative

U& (it' so# and do(n (it' "ried c'ic*en;

%t'er(ise +ust )lame t'e genes

922105 antioxidants

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