930ameng101 causal commas

8/9/2019 930AMEng101 Causal Commas

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Eng 101 SP15Commas

Causal Techniques


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Commas


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Commas

6 basic rules

1. Separate items in lists of 3+2. Before a coordinating conjunction

3. Around information that is not

essential to the meaning of thesentence (this covers 9 rules)

4. Between consecutive adjectives

5. Omissions6. Conventions


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Commas

1. Separate items in lists of 3+

Please buy eggs milk bread and cereal atthe store.

*MLA uses the Oxford comma (APA &

AP do not)I like playing tennis rollerblading and

trying to beat my dad at putt-putt.


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Commas

2. Before a coordinating conjunction

My sister’s name is Lily and my brother’sname is Lucus.

I rushed home and I finished my homework

before soccer practice.I am very good in Spanish, and in French.


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Commas3. Around information that is not essential to

the meaning of the sentence (this covers 9

rules) After conjunctive adverbs

After introductory phrases & clauses

Before and/or after an interjection

Before and/or after Latin abbreviations (e.g.) Before and after parenthetical expressions

When adjectives come after a noun

With titles when they come after person’s

name Before and after appositives

Around a direct address


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Commas3. Around information that is not essential

to the meaning of the sentence (thiscovers 8 rules)

I didn’t study very much; nevertheless I madea good grade.

Since my mother forgot to pack me a dessertI ate your cookie.

Laney ran fast and got home before hermother.

My English teacher kind of heart and generous of spirit will surely give me an Aif I learn all these comma rules.


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Commas



I’ve told you twice boys and girls to do

your homework.Wow what a beautiful dress.

I love sports e.g. baseball basketball and

football.They usually cost if you get a good deal

about $200.


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Commas



Arith Metic Ph.D. is my math teacher.

Katie Stevens the best ballerina in the performance shone as the star of the

evening.


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Causal Techniques


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What are the elements of a

Causal essay? Purpose

Patterns

Reasoning Errors

Ethics

Thesis and details


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Purpose Cause

◦ Probes the reasons why actions, events,attitudes, and conditions exist

Effect

◦

Examines consequences of causes Explain historical events, natural

happenings, actions and attitudes ofindividuals and groups

Help readers anticipate theconsequences of personal actions,natural phenomena, or governmentpolicies


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Patterns Single cause produces several effects

Might discuss cause then effects or

effects then cause

I. Poor language skills

II. Body

A. Can’t keep up with required

reading

B. Can’t take adequate notes

C. Can’t write competent papers


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Patterns Several causes produce one effect

◦ Might discuss effect then causes or causes

then effect

I. Decrease in U.S. zinc production

II. BodyA. produced more cheaply abroad

B. replaced on cars by plastics, lighter

metalsC. cannot be recycled


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Patterns Causal Chain

◦

Each event is effect of preceding one and thecause of the following one

◦ Help explain how devices function and howsome social changes proceed

◦ Similar to process analyses which is

concerned with HOW events occur...causal isconcerned with WHY events occur

II. Body

A. sleep late

B. miss breakfastC. become hungry and distracted

D. perform poorly on exam


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Patterns Multiple Cause-Multiple Effect

◦ Sequence of causes and effects is too complex to fit

image of chain◦ Present causes then effects or effects then causes

Topic: accident

II. Body

A. causes of the accident1. driver ran stop sign

2. Bushes and unlit headlights impairedvision

3. Wet pavement caused skiddingB. Effects of the accident

1. missed the movie

2. Unnerved so missed classes next day

3. Other driver lost license


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Reasoning Errors

Ignoring multiple causes

An effect rarely stems from a singlecause

Mistaking chronology for causation

Don’t assume that just because oneevent followed another that the firstnecessarily caused the other(chronology)

Confusing causes and effects Pam and Paul married because they fell

in love; in reality it was an economicnecessity, and love came later.


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EthicsForcing a particular outcome by uncovering only

certain causes

Report blaming poor instruction for highstudent failure rate neglects oversized classes,socioeconomics

Carefully weighed importance of chosen causes

If a few, but not most, of the classes in theproblem school system are oversized, thenreport shouldn’t stress their significance

Discuss every important effect (even one thatdamages point)

Report emphasizing the beneficial effects of jogging must discuss potential for energy

Consequences of people acting upon essay

Call to action


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Thesis & DetailsThesis statement

Identifies the event to be explained oreffects to be considered

Explains importance of understandingthe causes or effects

Offers a summary of the major causesor effects

Details

Not just a bare-bones discussion ofcauses and effects or a list

Vivid description used


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For Tuesday...Apply your assigned causal elements to each of

the following readings. Be prepared toextensively discuss your findings with the class.

Knapp’s “Why We Keep Stuff”

Mooney’s “The Science of Why We Don’t Believe

Science”Luscombe & Stinchfield’s “Why We Flirt”

*pages are listed in the syllabus

9AM Essay #2 due

Begin working on Newsletter submission #2 (dueMarch 17)


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9:30AM Purpose

Ty, Brittany, Michael B., Sara, Michael C

Patterns

De’maun, Chaunte, Meagan, Rachel, Max

Reasoning Errors

Donte, La’Tae, Bobby, Matt, Ronaldo

Ethics

Cody B,A’nesshea, Drew, Gene, Nancy

Thesis & Details

Lori, Jenna, Cody W. Chantel, Mark

Apply your assigned elements to each of the followingreadings. Be prepared to extensively discuss your findings

with the class.Knapp’s “Why We Keep Stuff”

Mooney’s “The Science of Why We Don’t Believe Science”

Luscombe & Stinchfield’s “Why We Flirt”

*pages are listed in the syllabus

930ameng101 causal commas

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