960 physics [ppu] semester 2 topics-syllabus

[PPU] Semester 2 Topics-Syllabus

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SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Topic Teaching

Period Learning Outcome

12 Electrostatics

12.1 Coulomb’s law

12

2

Candidates should be able to:

(a) state Coulomb’s law, and use the formula

2

04 r

QqF ;

12.2 Electric field

3 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and

sketch the field pattern for an isolated point

charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly

charged surface;

(c) define the electric field strength, and use the

formula q

FE ;

(d) describe the motion of a point charge in a

uniform electric field;

12.3 Gauss’s law 4 (e) state Gauss’s law, and apply it to derive the

electric field strength for an isolated point

charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere

and a uniformly charged plate;

12.4 Electric potential

3 (f) define electric potential;

(g) use the formula r

QV

04;

(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces;

(i) use the relationshipr

VE

d

d;

(j) use the formula U = qV.

13 Capacitors

13.1 Capacitance

12

1


(a) define capacitance;

13.2 Parallel plate

capacitors

2

(b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel

plate capacitor;

(c) use the formula CQ

V to derive

d

AC 0 for

the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;

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Topic Teaching


13.3 Dielectrics 2 (d) define relative permittivity r (dielectric

constant);

(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel

plate capacitor;

(f) use the formula d

AC r 0 ;

13.4 Capacitors in series

and in parallel

2 (g) derive and use the formulae for effective

capacitance of capacitors in series and in

parallel;

13.5 Energy stored in a

charged capacitor

1 (h) use the formulae

22

2

1

2

1

2

1and, CVU

C

QUQVU

(derivations are not required);

13.6 Charging and

discharging of a

capacitor

4 (i) describe the charging and discharging process

of a capacitor through a resistor;

(j) define the time constant, and use the formula

;RC

(k) derive and use the formulae

0 1

t

Q Q e , 0 1

t

V V e and

0

t

I I e for charging a capacitor through a

resistor;

(l) derive and use the formulae 0

t

Q Q e ,

0

t

V V e and 0

t

I I e for discharging a

capacitor through a resistor;

(m) solve problems involving charging and

discharging of a capacitor through a resistor.

14 Electric Current

14.1 Conduction of

electricity

10

2


(a) define electric current, and use the equation

t

QI

d

d;

(b) explain the mechanism of conduction of

electricity in metals;


Topic Teaching


14.2 Drift velocity 2 (c) explain the concept of drift velocity;

(d) derive and use the equation ;I Anev

14.3 Current density 2 (e) define electric current density and

conductivity;

(f) use the relationship ;J E

14.4 Electric conductivity

and resistivity

4 (g) derive and use the equation 2

;ne t

m

(h) define resistivity, and use the formula ;RA

l

(i) show the equivalence between Ohm’s law and

the relationship ;J E

(j) explain the dependence of resistivity on

temperature for metals and semiconductors by

using the equation

2

;ne t

m

(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on

the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors

and superconductors.

15 Direct Current Circuits

15.1 Internal resistance

14

1


(a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the

terminal potential difference of a battery in a

circuit;

15.2 Kirchhoff’s laws 4 (b) state and apply Kirchhoff’s laws;

15.3 Potential divider 2 (c) explain a potential divider as a source of

variable voltage;

(d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers;

15.4 Potentiometer and

Wheatstone bridge

7 (e) explain the working principles of a

potentiometer, and its uses;

(f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone

bridge, and its uses;

(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and

Wheatstone bridge.


Topic Teaching


16 Magnetic Fields

16.1 Concept of a magnetic

field

18

1


(a) explain magnetic field as a field of force

produced by current-carrying conductors or by

permanent magnets;

16.2 Force on a moving

charge

3 (b) use the formula for the force on a moving

charge ;qF v B

(c) use the equation sinqvBF to define

magnetic flux density B;

(d) describe the motion of a charged particle

parallel and perpendicular to a uniform

magnetic field;

16.3 Force on a current-

carrying conductor

3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a

straight current-carrying conductor placed in a

uniform magnetic field;

(f) derive and use the equation sinF IlB

16.4 Magnetic fields due to

currents

4 (g) state Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the

magnetic field of a straight wire r

IB

π20 ;

(h) use the formulaer

NIB

2

0 for a circular coil

and nIB 0 for a solenoid;

16.5 Force between two

current-carrying

conductors

3 (i) derive and use the formula

d

lIIμF

π2210 for the

force between two parallel current-carrying

conductors;

16.6 Determination of the

ratio m

e

2 (j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the

presence of both magnetic and electric fields

(for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);

(k) explain the principles of the determination of

the ratio m

e for electrons in Thomson’s

experiment (quantitative treatment is required);

16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression

for Hall voltage VH ;

(m) state the applications of Hall effect.


Topic Teaching


17 Electromagnetic Induction

17.1 Magnetic flux

18

1


(a) define magnetic flux as ;Φ B A

17.2 Faraday’s law and

Lenz’s law

8 (b) state and use Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law;

(c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.

in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform

magnetic fields;

17.3 Self induction 5 (d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and

define self-inductance;

(e) use the formulae Ed

and ;d

IL LI NΦ

t

(f) derive and use the equation for the self-

inductance of a solenoid

2

0 ;N A

Ll

17.4 Energy stored in an

inductor

2 (g) use the formula for the energy stored in an

inductor 2

2

1LIU ;

17.5 Mutual induction 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction,

and define mutual inductance;

(i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance

between two coaxial solenoids of the same

cross-sectional area

p

sp0

l

ANNM .

18 Alternating Current

Circuits

18.1 Alternating current

through a resistor

12

3


(a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an

alternating current, and calculate its value for

the sinusoidal case only;

(b) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(c) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure resistor;

(d) derive and use the formula for the power in an

alternating current circuit which consists only

of a pure resistor;


Topic Teaching



through an inductor

3 (e) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(f) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure inductor;

(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor;

(h) use the formula ;LX L

(i) derive and use the formula for the power in an


of a pure inductor;


through a capacitor

3 (j) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(k) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure capacitor;

(l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;

(m) use the formula 1

;CXC

(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an


of a pure capacitor;

18.4 R-C and R-L circuits in

series

3 (o) define impedance;

(p) use the formula 22

)( CL XXRZ ;

(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R-L

circuits.
