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Nomenclature, Abbreviations The Nomina Anatomica 1972 term is in italics
1. sulci (s.) and cisterns (c) (smaller types only are used)
ac amb c.
calc ca-po
cc
cent
chor chor c.
CI
ci l
coIl cu d
acoustic sulcus ambient or circumpeduncular cistern, between cisterna interpeduncularis and quadrigeminal cistern (cisterna venae magnae Galeni or cisterna laminae tecti) s. calcarinus, calcarine sulcus common trunk of calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci (s. antecalcarinus Cunningham), tronc commun des scissures calcarine et pariHo-occi pi tale s. corporis callosi, pericallosal sulcus, sillon du corps calleux s. centralis, rolandic fissure, si1lon de Rolando fissura choroidea choroid cistern. This seems to be the most adequate common name for different" cisterns" described on pneumoencephalographic pictures, such as "wings of ambient cistern", "retropulvinarian CIStern ", "cisterna veli interpositi", "citerne soustrigonale" etc. designating respectively the lower, posterior and superior parts of a characteristic C shaped air filling in the lateral view (see also the figures and text on choroid and posterior cerebral arteries in Ch. IV-F) s. cinguli, cingulate sulcus, calloso marginal sulcus intralimbic sulcus s. collateralis s. cunei
sulcus diagonalis Eberstaller, on F 3 (p), between precentral sulcus
fi fm
fma fs fsl
h IC
ifop
ms
ins (a) ins (i) ins (s) Ip Ip c.
IpO
IpOp
marg
olf orb orb (t)
and anterior vertical branch of sylvian fissure s. frontalis inferior s. frontalis medius, a more or less well-developed sagittal sulcus often fragmented in several parts, dividing the middle frontal gyrus, especially its anterior part. If well developed, it gives rise to a four gyrus pattern of the frontal lobe (Eberstaller) instead of the classic three convolutions s. frontomarginalis Wernicke s. frontalis superior
s. frontalis intermedius on upper surface of superior frontal gyrus s. hippocampi
incisura capitis, branch of inferior frontal sulcus, cutting in F 3 (c) from above incisure of frontal operculum (Dejerine), s. subcentralis anterior (Eberstaller) sulcus circularis insulae, marginal sulcus of insula
anteriOr) inferi~r marginal sulcus of insula supenor s. intraparietalis cisterna interpeduncularis incisura preoccipitalis, preoccipital notch mClsure of parietal operculum (Dejerine) s. subcentralis post. (Eberstaller) marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus, branche margin ale du silIon callosomarginal s. olfactorius s. orbitales transverse orbital sulcus, central part of Broca's incisure en H, an-
parc
PJ
po
poc
poc (i) poc (s) prc prc (i) prc (s) qu c.
rh ro
sp st tr
sy
sy (f)
sy (h)
teriorly convex, roughly parallel to the first transversal part of the sylvian fissure. This anterior boundary of F 3 (0) could be considered as a continuation of the inferior frontal sulcus on orbital lobe s. paracentralis, anterior boundary of paracentral lobule s. parietalis intermedius of Jensen, separating supramarginal and angular gyri. Usually, a branch of the intraparietal sulcus s. parietooccipitalis, sClssure perpendiculaire interne s. postcentralis, postrolandic sulcus inferior postcentral sulcus superior postcentral sulcus s. precentralis, prerolandic sulcus inferior precentral sulcus superior precentral sulcus quadrigeminal cistern, cisterna venae magnae Galeni s. rhinalis s. rostralis (Eberstaller), mClsure sus-orbitaire (Broca) s. subparietalis
s. temporalis transversus. The deep opercular sulcus posterior to the great or anterior transverse gyrus of Heschl, anterior limit of the planum temporale s. lateralis, sylvian fissure, scissure de Sylvius fossa lateralis cerebri designates the cavity between the orbitofronto-parieto-temporal opercula and the insula ramus anterior, anterior horizontal branch of sylvian fissure between triangular (F 3C) and orbital
261
sy (p)
sy (p asc)
sy (t) sy (v)
ti
tm
ts
ts (asc)
(F 30) parts of inferior frontal gyrus ramus posterior of sylvian fissure, junction of frontoparietal and
temporal opercula ascending terminal part of ramus posterior, cutting in deeply the
inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus) trunk of sylvian fissure ramus ascendens, anterior vertical
branch of sylvian fissure between
triangular (F 3C) and opercular (F 3P) parts of inferior frontal
gyrus third of inferior temporal sulcus (N.A.: sulcus occipitotemporalis) separating the inferior temporal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus middle or second temporal sulcus. The latest Nomina Anatomica re
baptized this furrow sulcus temporalis inferior. To avoid confusion, however, we continue to use the classical term, found in most textbooks of neuroanatomy. The middle temporal gyrus IS thus bounded at its lower limit by a fragmented furrow, the general
direction of which is parallel to the superior temporal sulcus. Its terminal posterior part follows similarly an ascending direction, somewhat slanting towards the occipital pole (= anterior occipi
tal sulcus of Wernicke) s. temporalis superior or parallel sulcus ascending continuation of ts, sometimes also called angular sulcus, cutting in deeply the infe
rior parietal lobule
2. Gyri (g) landmarks etc. (abbreviations begin with capital letters).
Ang
Cc Cc (g)
Cc (spI) Cer
262
g. angularis, pli courbe
corpus callosum genu
} corporis callosi splenium cerebellum, cervelet
Ci
ColI
Cu Dent
F 1 (p)
F2 (p)
F 3 (c)
Falx
FM Fus
H
Ins L Mes Op (a)
Op (s)
gyrus cinguli or upper limbic gyrus eminentia collateralis cuneus gyrus dentatus or fascia dentata, corps godronne
fornix, trigone g. frontalis superior, premiere circonvolution frontale g. frontalis medialis, mesial aspect of superior frontal gyrus
pied de F b posterior end of F 1,
anastomosing with precentral
gyrus g. frontalis medius, deuxieme cir
convolution frontale pied de F 2, posterior end of F 2,
anastomosing with precentral
gyrus g. frontalis inferior, troisieme cir
convolution frontale pars triangularis, cap de la troi
sieme circonvolution frontale pars orbitalis, of g. frontalis infe
rior, partie orbitaire de la troisieme circonvolution frontale pars opercularis of g. frontalis inferior, pied de la troisieme circonvolution frontale (Broca). (Actually, all three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus are "oper
cular" insofar as they cover the corresponding part of the insula)
falx cerebri foramen interventriculare Monro g. fusiformis, fourth temporal
gyrus, T 4' Also called gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis (NA) hippocampus, Ammon's horn, corne d' Ammon insula g. lingua lis mesencephalon operculum frontale, anterior oper
culum; covering the anterior aspect of insula, it comprizes the orbital and the triangular parts of gyrus
frontalis inferior F3(0) and F3(C) operculum frontoparietale, superior operculum. Covers the superior aspect of the insula. Extends between anterior
Op (i)
Op (t) or
Pi P2
Parc
Pcu Ped Ph PI t or
PI temp
Poc
Pons
Prc
Pulv
Re Sm St
St pol
Stt p
Tci Th
and posterior ascending branches of sylvian fissure [sy (v)-sy (p
asc)]
aspect of the insula. This is the superior or supratemporal surface
of Ti operculum temporale, inferior
operculum covering the inferior lobulus parietalis superior lobulus parietalis inferior lobulus paracentralis precuneus, lobule quadrilatere pedunculus cerebri g. parahippocampalis planum temporale: terminal part of the floor of the sylvian fissure, situated behind the great transverse gyrus of Heschl (from sulcus temporalis transversus pnnCIpalis). This posterior part of the supratemporal (opercular) surface of the gyrus temporalis superior
can show secondary transverse gyri and sulci (generally more pro
nounced on the left side, as compared to the flatter right planum)
g. postcentralis, posterior central or postrolandic gyrus. Circonvolution parietale ascendante pons Varoli, protuberance annulaire g. precentralis, anterior central or prerolandic gyrus. Circonvolution frontale ascendante. pulvinar thalami g. rectus g. supramarginalis supratemporal- opercular - sur
face of T 1
planum polare: concave anterior part of supratemporal surface, anterior to Heschl's gyrus g. temporalis transversus primus: great transversal temporal gyrus of Heschl. Circonvolution tempo
rale profonde anterieure g. temporalis superior g. temporalis medius g. temporalis inferior tentorium cerebelli, tente du cerve
let incisura tentorii thalamus
u
Vf
V lat Vo
Vt
PI chor
uncus gyri parahippocampalis.
Crochet de l'hippocampe
ventriculus tertius
ventriculus quartus
atrium or trigonum of lateral ventricle, carrefour ventriculaire in the French terminology, where frontal, temporal and occipital horns join cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis,
frontal horn, corne frontale
ventriculus lateralis
cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis
occipital horn, corne occipitale cornu inferius ventriculi latera lis,
temporal horn, corne temporale plexus choroideus, choroid plexus
Orientation lines and planes
Ac Pc ACPC
commissura anterior
commissura posterior
bicommissural line of Talairach, joining the upper border of anterior commissure to the lower border of posterior commissure
ACPC-plane bicommissural plane perpendicular to interhemispheric plane
ACPC I I axial plane parallel to the preceed-
ACPC ~
CENT II
SY II
mg frontal plane perpendicular to both ACPC and interhemispheric planes central or rolandic plane, parallel to the axis of the central sulcus and perpendicular to interhemispheric plane plane parallel to the direction of posterior branch of sylvian fissure (not taking into account the ascending terminal part) perpendicular to the interhemispheric plane
SY ~ plane perpendicular to SY II V AC vertical orientation line, perpen
dicular to ACPC drawn at poste-rior border of anterior commissure
VPC vertical orientation line, perpendicular to ACPC drawn at anterior border of posterior commissure
VAC Plane} frontal planes perpendicular to VPC plane both ACPC and midline
3. Arteries (a) and Veins (v)
To designate cerebral blood vessels, the Nomina Anatomica terms only will be used in this book. In radiologic and in some anatomic descriptions a detailed nomenclature of individual cortical arteries is frequently used. With minor modifications, this nomenclature is derived from the descriptions of FOIX and collaborators. For several arterial branches, the names of sulci or gyri are borrowed, as for instance "rolandic artery", "angular gyrus artery", "calcarine artery". Such names, however, imply a specific relationship between the arterial branching pattern and different cortical structures. Perusal of the original descriptions as well as our own material shows the lack of such specific relationships. We therefore prefer to avoid these terms which might be misleading for the reader.
In the light of our studies, angiographic localization of cortical structures is inscribed in the three-dimensional course of the cerebral vascular tree, in the composite deep sulcal vascular laminae and not in the highly variable overall course of inconstant individual "arteries".
For the purpose of localization of cortical structures at least, the simple basic division of the Nomina Anatomica seems therefore quite satisfactory.
If, for other purposes, a more detailed nomenclature of cortical blood vessels should be elaborated and convened upon internationally, the use of less specific, regional designations would probably help to avoid misunderstanding. "Central branches of the sylvian artery", seems less equivocal than "rolandic artery", "superomedial branch of the posterior cerebral artery" seems more accurate than "calcarine and parietooccipital arteries" etc.
a. l;3as. a. CI.
arteria basilaris
a. carotis interna
a. comm. a. a. communicans anterior
a. chor. a. a. choroidea anterior
a. comm. p. a. CA a. CA (0)
a. communicans posterior
a. cerebri anterior
rami orbitales arteriae cerebri anterioris. Orbital branches of the anterior cerebral artery (" orbito-frontal artery" in radiologic literature)
a. CA (f) rami Jrontales arteriae cerebri anterioris. Frontal branches of ante
rior cerebral artery. (Frontopolar,
anterior-internal, middle internal, posterior internal, paracentral lobule arteries in the literature)
a. CA (p) rami parietales arteriae cerebri anterioris. Parietal branches of anterior cerebral artery (" superior internal parietal and inferior internal parietal arteries")
a. CM a. cerebri media. Middle cerebral or sylvian artery
a. CM (0) rami orbitales a. cerebri mediae: they leave the sylvian fissure crossing the orbital operculum (F 30), anterior horizontal branch Sy (h) included (" orbito-frontal artery")
a. CM (f) rami frontales a. cerebri mediae leaving the sylvian fissure in the anterior vertical branch Sy (v) or crossing the frontal operculum (" prefrontal and precentral arteries ")
a. CM (p) rami parietales a. cerebri mediae. Parietal branches of sylvian artery. Branches leaving the sylvian fissure through the parietal operculum and its notches, if present, including the posterior ascending branch [sy (p asc)]. (Central, anterior, and posterior parietal, angular gyrus arteries in the literature)
a. CM (t) rami temporales a. cerebri mediae. Temporal branches of sylvian artery, they leave the fissure crossing its temporal lip, from the temporal pole to the end of the postenor limb. (" temporooccipital, posterior, middle, anterior temporal and temporopolar" arteries)
r. str. rami striati a. C.M. a. CP a. cerebri posterior, posterior cere
bral artery a. CP (t) rami temporales, temporal
branches of a. cerebri posterior (" temporooccipital branches")
a. CP (0) rami occipitales. Occipital branches of a. cerebri posterior (" posterior temporo-occipital and calcarine arteries" in the usual descriptions)
263
a. CP (po) ramus parietooccipitalis. Actually, the plurial rami would be more adequate, as there generally are two branches penetrating in the parieto-occipital fissure ("parieto-occipital artery" in the literature)
r. chor. p. rami choroidei posteriores, posterior choroid arteries. Several branches of the posterior cerebral artery enter the choroid sulcus
r. chor. p. (1) It is customary to describe a posterolateral and a posteromedial
r. chor. p. (m) choroidal artery, the former going to the plexus of the lateral, the latter to the plexus of the third ventricle
v. bas.
v.G.
v.c.i.
264
vena basalis, basal vein of Rosenthal vena cerebri magna great cerebral vein of Galenus vena cerebri interna, internal cerebral vein
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ZIEDSES DES PLANTES, B.A.: Eine neue Methode zur Differenzierung in der R6ntgenographie. Acta radiol. (Stockh.) 13, 182-192 (1932)
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269
Illustrations of Material from Individual Cases The following list is provided to help the reader find all the specimens and angiograms for each case.
The italic numbers refer to pages with illustrations.
Specimens
I 46-49,61-79, 107-113, 129, 142, 149 II 54-55, 91-92, 98-99, 128, 130, 137-138,
148, 150, 155-157, 166-167, 172, 193 III 39-45, 93, 116-118, 132-133, 140-141,
152-153 IV 124-125, 135, 144, 168 V 114-115 VI 94-95, 106, 134, 145, 154, 158-161, 169,
182-183, 221-225, 245-259 VIII 182, 190-191 XIII, 50-58,186-189,192,196-199 XIII 184-185, 193, 198-199 M 143
Angiograms
Case I Case II Case III Case IV Case V Case VI Case VII Case VIII Case IX Case X
208-214 10-11,215-220 96-97, 120-121, 130-131, 139, 170-171 122-123, 146 195 226-227 228-229 230-231 232-233 234-235
(Brief description of clinical history on p. 13.)
Subject Index
AC-PC (anterior commissure-posterior commissure) line 18-19, 23-24
- in tomography 243 Angiograms, clinical- anatomical study 202, 204
normal 208-220 - tumor 226-235 - atrophy 234-235 Angiograms, routine - anatomic interpretation
202, 204, 236 Angiography - cortical localization by
principles 3-4, 7 examples: normal 208-220 tumor 226-233 atrophy 234-235
Angiography, three-dimensional - general 4 - technique 202, 205-207 Angiotomography (Chap. VI, pp. 240-259, passim.)
principles 241, 243 technique 245 planes and angles (see Nomenclature, p. 264, for definitions)
Arteries, apparent crossing of 6 Artery, internal carotid 242, 248, 250, 253 Artery, anterior cerebral (for branches in individu
al sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 86, 246-247, 255 frontal branches 86, 88-99, 126, 139-161, 210-211,221-227,246-247 orbital branches 246-247 parietal branches 139-161, 246-247
Artery, anterior choroidal 178-179, 182-183, 253, 255
Artery, posterolateral choroidal 176,182-183, 185, 187,251,255
Artery, middle cerebral (for branches in individual sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 210-220, 226-231, 246-249, 257 stereotactic dissection 57-59, 60-79 frontal branches 70-71, 126, 127-161,248-249, 257 parietal branches 72-75, 112, 136-161, 162-163, 164-173,248-249 striate branches 248-249, 251, 253 temporal branches 76-77, 112-113, 162-163, 164-173, 257
Artery, posterior cerebral (for branches in individual sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 174--177, 178-199, 232-233, 251, 253, 257
occipital branches 255, 257 parieto-occipital branches 255, 257 temporal branches 253, 257
Artery, Sylvian (see also Artery, middle cerebral) 243 diagram of branches (DURET) 3 diagram of branches (FOIX and LEVY) 3 templates of RING and WADDINGTON 4 template of SALAMON et al. 4 arteries in sylvian fissure 100-101, 102-125
Asymmetry, hemispheric 101, 112-121 Axes, tomographic (see Plane: for definitions, see
Nomenclature, p. 264)
Bicommissural reference lines (see AC-PC line) 18-19, 23-24
- in tomography 243 Bicommissural and orbitomeatal orientation 204,
237 Bicommissural and SLS orientation 204, 237 Bifurcation, carotid 242-243, 248-250, 253 Biomechanical theory of cortical folding process
28-30, 33-35
Cistern, ambient 174-177, 178-179, 182, 184-189, 196-197, 253, 257
Cistern, choroid 174, 176-177, 178-179, 182, 184-185, 187, 196-197, 232-233, 248-249
Cistern, interpeduncular 174, 176, 178-179
Cistern, quadrigeminal 174-176, 178-179 Cistern, retropulvinarian (see Cistern, choroid) Commissure, posterior (see also 'AC-PC line)
242-243 Computerized tomography 241-243,258 Corpus callosum (see also Sulcus of the corpus cal-
losum) 246-247,251 - agenesis of 29 Cortex, buried in sulci 8-9 Cortical surface patterns
embryogenesis 3, 6, 28-30, 33-35 - extracted from an angiogram 11 and see
Chap. V Cortical vascular pattern 82-83, 84-85
deep 7 difficulties of anatomic interpretation 7 of individual sulci (see corresponding sulcus)
271
Cortical vascular pattern superficial 7 - three-dimensional interpretation 7 Cuneus 177,185-187,190-192,242-243,246-247,
252
Deep vascular pattern (see Sulcal vascular laminae) Deep vascular pattern, pathologic changes 203 - localized atrophy 234-235 - tumor cases 226-233 Dissection, stereotactic 58-59, 60-79
Gyri, general pattern (see Chap. II, pp. 27-57) Gyrus, angular (see also superior temporal sulcus)
112, 162-163, 164-172,212-213,219-220,257 Gyrus, cingulate (see also sulcus, cingulate; sulcus
of corpus callosum) 86-87, 88-99, 210-211, 222, 226-227, 246-247, 250
Gyrus F 3 (see gyrus, inferior frontal) Gyrus, fusiform (see also sulcus, collateral; sulcus,
inferior temporal) 175, 186, 188, 190-191, 193, 196-197, 224, 232-233, 248-249
Gyrus, great transversal temporal (Heschl) (see also sulcus, lateral, supratemporal surface) 69, 100-101, 105, 110-111, 114-121, 167, 170-172, 185, 216, 223, 242, 246-247, 255, 257
Gyrus, hippocampal (see gyrus, parahippocampal) Gyrus, inferior frontal (see also operculum, ante
rior; operculum, superior; sulcus, lateral) 64, 87, 92-95, 129, 246-247 pars orbitalis 250
Gyrus, inferior temporal (see also sulcus, middle temporal; sulcus, inferior temporal) 186, 188, 224, 248-249
Gyrus, lingual (see also sulcus, calcarine; sulcus, collateral) 175, 186-188, 190, 196-197, 222, 252
Gyrus, lower limbic (see Gyrus, parahippocampal) Gyrus, middle frontal (see also sulcus, inferior and
superior frontal) 86-87, 88-89, 246 Gyrus, middle temporal (see also sulcus, middle
temporal; sulcus, superior temporal) 162-163, 164-172, 224, 248-249, 251, 257
Gyrus, parahippocampal (see also cistern, choroid; sulcus, collateral; sulcus, rhinal) 174-177, 179, 185-188, 193, 196-199, 222-224, 251, 253
Gyrus, postcentral (see also sulcus, central; sulcus, postcentral; central region) 126, 136-161, 223-224, 242-243, 246-247, 259
Gyrus, precentral (see also sulcus, precentral; sulcus, central; central region) 94, 126, 127-146, 155-161, 223-224, 242-243, 246-247
Gyrus, superior frontal (see also interhemispheric surface; sulcus, superior frontal) 86-87, 88-99, 210-211,221-222,224,226-227,254,256-257
Gyrus, superior limbic (see Gyrus, cingulate) Gyrus, superior temporal (see also sulcus, lateral;
sulcus, superior temporal) 162-163, 165-173, 224, 248-249, 251, 255, 257
Gyrus, supramarginal (see also lobule, parietal inferior; sulcus, lateral (sy (p asc))) 162-163, 165-173, 212-213, 218-220, 223, 255-257
Gyrus, T 4 (see Gyrus, fusiform)
272
Heschl's gyrus (see Gyrus, great transversal tempo-ral)
Hippocampus 174,182-183,185,242,246-247 Horn, frontal 248-249, 251 Horn, occipital 178-179, 252 Horn, temporal 178-179, 248-249, 253
Identification of loops in frontal and lateral view, T-square (see also Angiography, three-dimensional) 205, 207
Indirect localization of cortical structures 2, 18-19,25-26
Insula (see also sulcus, lateral; triangle, sylvian) 67, 76-77, 100-101, 102-103, 216, 242, 246-251, 255,257
Insular reference system (VLAHOVITCH) (see also sulcus, lateral) 4, 30
Interhemispheric surface 5, 86, 88, 91-93, 95-96, 98-99,210-211,222,226-227,246-250,253
Intrasulcal vascular laminae: recognition in angiograms (see sulci, identification)
Line, bicommissural (see AC-PC; Bicommissural orientation)
Line, superior insular (VLAHOVITCH) (see also sulcus, lateral, esp. 120-121) 4, 30, 100
Lobule, inferior parietal (see also gyrus, angular; gyrus, supramarginal; sulcus, intraparietal; sulcus, postcentral) 147-161, 162-163, 164-172, 214, 242-243
Lobule, paracentral (see also sulcus, marginal ramus of cingulate) 86-87,88-99, 126-127, 128-161, 243-243
Lobule, superior parietal (see also, sulcus, intraparietal; sulcus, postcentral) 147-161, 163,224, 242-243
Neuroradiology, stereotactic (for examples, see Chap. V) 18, 22
Operculum, frontal (see also sulcus, lateral) 100, 103-125, 216
Operculum, frontoparietal (see also sulcus, lateral) 100-101, 103-125, 148, 216
Operculum, temporal (see also sulcus, lateral) 68--69, 101, 103-125, 185, 216
Orbitomeatal incidence parallel to bicommissural plane 204, 237
Orientation (see Plane)
Planes 241-242 definition: see Nomenclature, p. 264 bicommissural (AC-PC), 242-243 ff. "natural" 241-243 natural axes 241-243 Orbitomeatal (OM) 243-244, 258 Rolandic (Cent, II, 1-) 241-243,245,253 Sagittal 242, 246-247 Sylvian (Sy, /I, 1-) 241-242,245,248-249, 254-255 Vestibular 242
Planum, polar (see also, sulcus, lateral, supratemporal surface) 110-111, 114-115, 185,242,255
Planum, temporal (see Retroinsular region) Pneumoencephalography (encephalographic locali
zation of cortical structures) 2 - of Sylvian fissure 104-105 Precuneus (see also sulcus, marginal branch of cin
gulate; sulcus, parietooccipital) 174, 177, 185-186, 190-191, 252
Projections, radiographic 244 Projection area of sulci (for individual sulci, see
corresponding sulcus in Chap. IV) 17-18, 20-21, 83
Proportional grid for indirect stereotactic localization of cortical structures 18-19, 25-26
Retroinsular region (see also Gyrus, great transverse temporal; planum temporale) 101, 105, 110, 121, 185, 242-243, 246-247, 251, 255 asymmetry 101, 112-121
Rolandic fissure (see sulcus, central)
Stereoscopic angiograms 4, 202, 205, 207 Stereoscopy in stereotactic angiography 206-207 Stereotactic cortical localization - direct, interest of 2 - indirect 2,17-19,24-26 stereotactic frame 22,60--61,241,245 Stereotactic neuroanatomy: reconstruction of sulci
and gyri from oriented sections (see also, dissection, stereotactic) 17-18, 20-21
Stereotactic projections in neuroradiology 18, 22, 205-207
Stereotactic surgical methods in humans applied to cortical structures 2
Sulcal vascular laminae (for individual sulci, see corresponding sulcus in Chap. IV) 7, 82-83, 84-85, 241-242 in angiography 202-204, 208-235 embryonic formation of 6, 82, 84-85
Sulci and cytoarchitectonic fields 29-30, 38, 175 deep surfaces 8-9 embryologic development 28-30, 33-35 infolded cortex in 8-9 nomenclature (see also Nomenclature, pp.261-262)
according to EBERSTALLER 36 - according to v. ECONOMO 36-37 - orientation, general 28, 30-31, 32-55, 63 pathologic changes - attraction toward atrophic areas 203, 234-235 - mass effect of tumors 203, 226-233 projection area (see Projection area of sulci)
Sulci, identification in normal angiograms 202-204, 208-225
Sulci (regions) of Anterior interhemispheric surface and frontal convexity 86-87, 88-99 of Central region 126-127, 128-161
of Temporo-parieto-occipital convexity 162-163, 164-172 in Territory of posterior cerebral artery 174-177,178-200
Sulcus, calcarine 30,91, 175, 177, 178-180, 182-190, 192-199, 222, 232-233, 243, 246-247, 255, 257
Sulcus, central 66, 72-73, 126, 136-146, 155-161, 212-213, 218, 221-224, 226-229, 245-248, 251, 253-254, 257-258 embryonic formation of vascular pattern 6 vascular lamina 9-10 vascular lamina in an angiogram 10
Sulcus, cingulate (Sulcus, callosomarginal) 5, 86, 88, 91-93, 95-96, 98-99,210-211,222,226-227, 246-250, 253
Sulcus, collateral 175, 177, 181, 184-191, 193-199, 222-224, 232-233, 246-249, 251, 253
Sulcus of the corpus callosum 86, 88, 175-176, 210-211,246-247
Sulcus, hippocampal 174, 176, 178-179, 183 Sulcus, inferior frontal 64,87,90,92-97,210-211,
217, 221, 223, 246, 250 Sulcus, inferior temporal 162,175,177,181,
183-189, 193-199, 222, 224, 248-249 Sulcus, intermediate frontal 30, 93-95, 248-249,
254 Sulcus, intermediate parietal of JENSEN 163,
212-213
Sulcus, intraparietal 66, 148-149, 152-153, 156-157, 162-163,164,166-172,192,212-213, 223-224
Sulcus, lateral (Sylvian fissure) (see also Insula) 64,67--69, 100-101, 102-125, 162-163, 166-172, 216, 219, 223, 242-243, 245-249, 255, 257, 259
Sulcus, marginal of insula (see also Insula) 67, 76-77, 100-101, 102-103,216,242,246-251, 255, 257
Sulcus, marginal ramus of cingulate 86, 88, 91-92,95-96,98-99, 126, 139, 148, 150-152, 210-211,222,243,246-247,254
Sulcus, middle frontal 30, 98-99 Sulcus, middle temporal 162,212-214,219,221,
223, 248-249, 251 Sulcus, paracentral 95, 128, 130,242-243 Sulcus, parietooccipital 91, 175, 177,178-180,
184-192, 194-199, 222, 224, 232-233, 242-243, 246-247, 252, 255, 257
Sulcus, pericallsoal (see Sulcus of the corpus callosum)
Sulcus, postcentral 66, 72-73,94, 126, 147-161, 167-168, 170-171, 212-213, 218, 223-224, 242-243, 246-249, 253, 256
Sulcus, precentral 64-66, 70-71, 92, 94, 126, 127-135,155-161,210-211,217,221,223-224, 226--229, 242-243, 246-250, 256, 259 embryonic formation of vascular pattern 6
Sulcus, rhinal 175, 177, 181, 196-197, 222
Sulcus, subparietal (see also Interhemispheric surface) 91,246
Sulcus, superior frontal 86, 89, 92-96, 210-211, 221, 224, 226-227, 248-250, 254
Sulcus, superior temporal 69, 115, 162-163, 165, 168-172, 214-219, 221, 223, 248-249, 251, 257
Sulcus, transverse orbital 90, 93 Sulcus, transverse temporal 69, 101, 105, 114-115,
170-171, 223, 246-247 Surface patterns (see Cortical surface patterns) Sylvian fissure (see Sulcus, lateral) Sylvian triangle (SCHLESINGER) (see also Sulcus, la
teral) 4
Template - of RING and WADDINGTON 4 - of SALAMON et aL 4 Three-dimensional angiography (see Angiography) Three-dimensional interpretation of cortical sur-
face patterns 7 Tunica vascularis formed by pial vessels 7
Vascular landmarks (see also Cortical vascular pattern; Sulcal vascular laminae) 4
Vascular laminae of sulci (see Sulcal vascular laminae)
Veins, in identification of sulci in angiograms 82, 85, 126,135, 146, 203
Vein, great cerebral of Galenus 86
273
Advances in Cerebral Angiography Anatomy - Stereotaxy - Embolization - Computerized Axial Tomography. INSERM-Symposium, Marseilles, May 13-16, 1975 Editor: G. Salamon 222 figures. XVI, 375 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-07569-0
Cerebral Angiomas Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy Editors: H. W Pia, 1. R W Gleave, E. Grote, 1. Zierski 161 figures. VIII, 285 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-07073-7
H. M. Duvernoy
Human Brainstem Vessels Preface by R Warwick. Illustrations by 1. L. Vannson 108 figures, 2 folding-plates. Approximately 195 pages. 1977 ISBN 3-540-08336-7
H. M. Duvernoy
The Superfical Veins of the Human Brain Veins of the Brain Stem and of the Base of the Brain 71 figures (138 separate illustrations). VI, 110 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-06876-7
Dynamics of Brain Edema Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Dynamic Aspects of Cerebral Edema, Montreal, Canada, June 25-29, 1976 Editors: H. M. Pappius, W. Feindel 83 figures, 81 tables. XIII, 404 pages. 1977 ISBN 3-540-08009-0
T. Nomura
Atlas of Cerebral Angiography 24 figures, 1 colorplate, 212 plates, 6 angiograms. XI, 322 pages. 1970 Published by Igaku Shoin Ltd. Tokyo Distribution rights for all countries excluding Far East: Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-05222-4
Radiological Exploration of the Ventricles and Subarachnoid Space By G. Ruggiero, 1. Bories, A Calabro, G. Cristi, G. Scialfa, F. Smaltino, A Thibaut with cooperation of G. Gianasi, G. Maranghi, C. Philippart, E. Signorini 90 partly colored figures (279 separate illustrations). XIV, 152 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06572-5
G. Salamon, Y. P. Huang
Radiologic Anatomy of the Brain In cooperation with numerous experts 282 figures in 463 separate illustrations. XIII, 404 pages. 1976 ISBN 3-540-07528-3
A Wackenheim
Roentgen Diagnosis of the Craniovertebral Region 500 figures. XXII, 601 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06615-2
A Wackenheim, 1. P. Braun
Angiography of the Mesencephalon Normal and Pathological Findings 128 figures. XI, 154 pages. 1970 ISBN 3-540-05266-6
S. Wende, E. Zieler, N. Nakayama
Cerebral Magnification Angiography Physical Basis and Clinical Results With the collaboration ofK Schindler 141 figures. VII, 150 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06651-9
K 1. Zillch
Atlas of Gross Neurosurgical Pathology 379 figures. V, 228 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-06480-X
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Editorial Board: 1. Altman, West Lavayette, IN; O. Creutzfeldt, G6ttingen; D. R Curtis, Canberra; L. Garay, Lausanne; R lung, Freiburg i. Br.; D. M. Mac Kay, Keele; D. Ottoson, Stockholm; D. Ploog, Munich; G. Raisman, London; V. P. Whittaker, G6ttingen; V. 1. Wilson, New York, NY
Research on the central nervous system has developed during the last 20 years into a broad interdisciplinary field. This journal covers the whole field of experimental brain research and thus reflects the variety of interests represented by the International Brain Research Organization (BRO) and what is called nowadays Neurobiology of the brain.
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