98. lesson 1-4 the “source” of the power l8l8 w arm- u p # 1 imagine what life would be like if:...

Lesson 1-4

The “Source” of the Power

L8 WARM-UP #1

Imagine what life would be like IF:There were NO government or laws

that regulated the behavior of people?

People could do whatever they pleased?

Thomas Hobbes describe this situation as

“the state of nature”.

CHAOSLAW OF THE

JUNGLE

UNCERTAINBRUTI

SH

Lesson 1-4: The “Source” of the Power

L8

Sooooo, why do people come together and live in groups or societies?

WARM-UP #2


LEARNING TARGETS: I can explain three common ideas where the power

of government came from. I can explain how the social contract works.

R9 ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How does a government get its “authority” to rule?


social contract natural rights popular sovereignty democracy

VOCAB Key Vocabulary to add to Section 2 (11-18) force theory divine right of kings monarchy absolute monarchy


Place the Reading onSocial Contract Theory & John Locke

L8

As you read the handout, CIRCLE any words you don’t know,HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE important information.Answer each Comprehension Question in the margin.


Social Contract Theory and John Locke

Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the jungle” ruled mankind. Each man could do as he pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as he could physically do it. That which he could take by force was his, and remained his for as long as he could hold it. All men were free in this way. Therefore, each man was only as safe as his own physical prowess and watchfulness could make him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short.”

According to the social contract theory, men overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing with one another to form a group and create a “community”. In other words, individual humans gave up some of their independence and freedom in order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each person agreed to live within the rules of the social group or community. This was the birth of “civil society”. The way the civil society maintained order and made decisions is its government. The government and the state became the same thing. By contract, men within a given area joined together, each agreed to give up to the group (state) as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all. In the contract, the members of the group created a government to exercise the powers which they had voluntarily granted to the state.

The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds that the state exists only to serve the will of the people, that they are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or withhold that power as they choose. The form of government did not matter. The concern was how well the government leaders served the people. For their part, individual citizens were expected to follow the rules and limitations established by the group and its government – value law, order, and social stability. They were to do their very best to prosper as individuals so that society as a whole could be improved. They assume their duties and obligations to their society when called upon to do so, such as being soldiers in times of defense and paying taxes to run the government.

1. What was the original condition man lived in?

2. In the “state of nature”, what is man’s main task?

3. What are the benefits of living in a group as opposed to by yourself?

4. The two sides in a social contract are the ________ and the ___________.

5. How did the “society” maintain order and make decisions?

6. What obligations and responsibilities does the individual have to the group and state?

Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the jungle” ruled mankind. Each man could do as he pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as he could physically do it. That which he could take by force was his, and remained his for as long as he could hold it. All men were free in this way. Therefore, each man was only as safe as his own physical prowess and watchfulness could make him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short.”

1. What was the original condition man lived in?The “state of nature”Unbridles freedomLife was nasty, brutish, andshort

To do as he pleased as longas he was able to do it

LIFE WAS NOT VERY ENJOYABLE SO…PEOPLE DECIDED TO COME TOGETHER AND LIVE IN GROUPS.

BUT SOON PEOPLE TOOK CONTROL OF THE GROUPOR OTHER GROUPS.

Survive

An example of this condition? “The Walking Dead”

2. In the “state of nature”, what is man’s main task?

FORCE THEORY

the belief that the “state” started when a person or group claimed control over an area and forced the people within to submit to their rule


Often these early governments were…

MONARCHY a “state” ruled or headed by a monarch such as a king or queen

Frequently these “monarchs” were…

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY a ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or custom


Later, the “power” or the ruler was supported by the belief…

DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people

In other words, kings ruled because it was THEIR RIGHT to rule because they were king!

6. What obligations and responsibilities does the individual have to the group and state?Follow the rules of societyDo their bestAssume their duties whencalled upon

According to the social contract theory, men overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing with one another to form a group and create a “community.” In other words, individual humans gave up some of their independence and freedom in order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each person agreed to live within the rules of the social group or community. This was the birth of “civil society.” The way the civil society maintained order and made decisions is its government. The government and the state became the same thing. By contract, men within a given area joined together, each agreed to give up to the group (state) as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all. In the contract, the members of the group created a government to exercise the powers which they had voluntarily granted to the state.

3. What are the benefits of living in a group as opposed to by yourself?

Help one another

The society's government

SOCIAL CONTRACT

an implied agreement among people that results in the organization of society

individuals surrender liberty in return for protection and the benefits of group life

PeopleGovernment

4. The two sides in a social contract are the _______ and the ____________.

5. How did the “society” maintain order and make decisions?

Increased safety andsecurity

NEW THINKINGThe king (government) serves the people!

OLD THINKINGPeople serve the king (government)!

The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds that the state exists only to serve the will of the people, that they are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or withhold that power as they choose. The form of government did not matter. The concern was how well the government leaders served the people. For their part, individual citizens were expected to follow the rules and limitations established by the group and its government – value law, order, and social stability. They were to do their very best to prosper as individuals so that society as a whole could be improved. They assume their duties and obligations to their society when called upon to do so, such as being soldiers in times of defense and paying taxes to run the government.

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY the people are the source of any and all government power

Under the social contract, people accepted the fact that the society, by way of the government, laws and social pressure, had the right to limit and interfere with individuals. However, the limitations and interference must be based on principles that were in the best interest of the people in general. In other words, the society or government could interfere if it did not violate the rights of all citizens in the society and would benefit the society as a whole. When individuals did not fulfill their duties or harmed or limited the society, these individuals could be punished. The people gave the government the power and authority to make and enforce laws and punish the disobedient.

7. A government could interfere and limit individuals if it would _________________ _________________Serve the best interestsof the society

The government canpunish the people

8. What should happen to people who don’t fulfill their obligations?

Under the social contract, the government and its leaders ruled with the approval of the people. Therefore, the people had the right to disband the government or replace its leaders. This would only happen when the majority of people decided that its leaders no longer served the people and promoted their interests. The people thought this ability to disband an abusive government was their way to monitor and limit the power and actions of their government. They also thought that this would force their leaders to be directly responsible to the people.

Most people in England and the American colonies believed that a social contract existed between the people and the king and Parliament. They believed it was an agreement people voluntarily accepted and that all members of the society, including the government, were obligated to fulfill their part of the agreement.

The “Magna Carta”DEMOCRACY a system of government in which the power to govern belongs to the people

The Enlightenment began in Europe, as scientists discovered natural laws governing the universe. For example, Isaac Newtown explained the law of gravity. Other Enlightenment thinkers applied the idea of natural law to human societies. The English philosopher John Locke argued that people have “natural rights.” These natural rights are guarantees all people have because they are humans. These are rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke, as part of the social contract, stated that people create governments to protect their natural rights. If a government fails in this duty, people have the right to change it. Locke also challenged the belief that kings had a God-given right to rule.

9. Locke stated all humans had three natural rights, the right to _____, _______, and _________.

LifeLiberty Property

Protect these

rights

NATURAL RIGHTS

According to John Locke, all humans possess certain rights, freedoms, and privileges that are a basic part of human nature

includes life, liberty, and property

10. As part of the social contract, Locke stated that the government was created to ___________ ________________.

Visualizing the Social Contract

TheSocial

Contract

Government(Kings)

MisusePower

Replace orOverthrow it

Give Power

Protect their Rights

People


PLACE THE CLASS NOTESR9


The Source of the Power

A. In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule?1. _________ theory – the belief that a small group or a single person took control over an area and the people of the area are forced to

submit to that person or group’s law 2. _______________ of kings – the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people

B. Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this1. __________________________ – rulers receive the right to rule from the people, the __________ of the __________ 2. This form of government is called a ____________________

C. What is a “social contract”?1. A ________________________ between people to form a ____________ for the _____________________

D. How does the social contract work?1. The ____________

a. Give up ______________________________________b. Agree to live within the ____________________________c. Do their best to ______________ as individualsd. Assume the _________ and _________________ of society when called upon

2. The _______________________a. Government had the right _______________ and _______________ with individualsb. When individuals ______________________________ or harmed society, these individuals could be ____________c. Ruled with the approval of the __________

3. Changing the contracta. If the government or leaders failed its duties or became abusive, it could ____________________________b. This allows the people to __________ and ________ the _________ and ___________ of the governmentc. Force the leaders to be ___________________________ to the ____________

E. John Locke’s Ideas1. ______________ rights

a. All people have because they are ____________b. Include:

__________ - ___________________________________________________________ __________ - _____________________________________________________________________ - ___________________________________________________________

2. If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, ____________________________________________


A. In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule?1. _________ theory – the belief that a small group or a single

person took control over an area and the people of the area are forced to submit to that person or group’s law

2. _______________ of kings – the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people

B. Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this1. __________________________ – rulers receive the right to

rule from the people, the __________ of the __________ 2. This form of government is called a ____________________

C. What is a “social contract?”1. A ___________________________ between people to form a

______________ for the ____________________________


FORCE

DIVINE RIGHT

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

SOCIAL CONTRACT

VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTSOCIETY BENEFITS OF SOCIAL LIFE

CONSENT PEOPLE


D. How does the social contract work?1. The ____________

a. Give up ______________________________________b. Agree to live within the ____________________________c. Do their best to ______________ as individualsd. Assume the _________ and _________________ of society

when called upon2. The _______________________

a. The Government has the right _______________ and ________________ with individuals for the benefit ofthe society

b. When individuals ____________________________ or harm society, these individuals could be ____________

c. Ruled with the approval of the __________


PEOPLESOME INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM

PROSPERDUTIES OBLIGATIONS

RULES OF THE COMMUNITY

GOVERNMENTLIMIT

INTERFERE

FAIL THEIR OBLIGATIONSPUNISHED

PEOPLE

3. Changing the contracta. If the government or leaders failed its duties or became

abusive, it could ____________________________b. This allows the people to __________ and ________

the _________ and ___________ of the governmentc. Force the leaders to be ___________________________

to the ____________ E. John Locke’s Ideas

1. ______________ rightsa. All people have these because they are ____________b. Include

______ - ___________________________________ __________ - _______________________________________________ - ___________________________________

2. If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, ____________________________________________


REPLACED OR DISBANDEDMONITOR LIMIT

POWER ACTIONSDIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE

PEOPLE

NATURALHUMAN

LIFELIBERTYPROPERTY

PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO CHANGE IT

The PRESENT Choices you make NOW

The FUTURE The REST of your life

Nickelback Video – “Savin’ Me”

The PRODUCT The RESULT of your choices and life

MURDER

SLAVERY

THEFT

VIDEO

The Philosophy of Liberty


We Exist in Time

WRAP-UP

Why does THIS matter now?

U.S. citizens believethe government has “authority” over us

becauseWE, the citizens,

give it power to carry out its desires.

L8


98. lesson 1-4 the “source” of the power l8l8 w arm- u p # 1 imagine what life would be like if:...

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