a 3g femtocell radio - analog devices von boston networking conference oct 29 2007

The World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing SolutionsThe World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing Solutions

3G Femtocell Radio

VON BostonDavid J. Donovan

Wireless Infrastructure Business DevelopmentAnalog Devices, October 29, 2007

2

Agenda

Brief Overview of ADIFemtocell Identity Crisis Market Drivers & Deployment RisksSpecification Issues & ChallengesOperator expectationsSemiconductor RF-IF SolutionBOM Costs

Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007

3

PLATFORMS

AudioAudioAudio

ControlControlControl

Video Video Video

DataDataData

CORE TECHNOLOGYCORE TECHNOLOGY

Application Expertise ● Development Tools

Portable Media D

evices

Wireless Infrastructure

Com

puting & G

aming

Digital Entertainm

ent

Advanced TV

Medical

AudioAudioAudio

ImagingImagingImaging

MonitoringMMonitoringonitoring

EXPERTISE

Autom

otive

Industrial ProcessingPProcessingrocessing

ADI At A GlanceA leadership portfolio of core technology and signal processing systems

expertise that is leveraged to create competitive advantage for our customers

SensingSensingSensing SensorySensorySensory

AlgorithmsAAlgorithmslgorithms

A P P L I C A T I O N S

MEMSMEMS

DSPDSPAmplifierAmplifierDataDataConverterConverter

PowerPowerManagementManagement RF ICRF IC

InterfaceInterfaceInterfaceCommunicationCommunicationCommunication

WirelessWirelessWireless


4

Femtocell Identity Crisis?

BasestationHigh performanceHigh reliabilityMedium cost Low volumeSingle standardFemtocell

High performanceHigh reliabilityLow cost High volumeMulti-standardHandset

Lower performanceVery low cost Very high volumeMulti-standard

Cost

Perf

orm

ance

Photo Sources: Ericsson, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007

5

Meeting Market Expectations & Cost

Photo Source: unknownAnalog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007

6

Femtocell

<$100 BOM

Femtocell

<$100 BOM

Simplified Femtocell Network Integration

RF-IF DSLRouter IP

NetworkIP

Network

RNC functions for Radio Resource Management shifted to Femtocell

BB


Home Core Network

7

Market Drivers

Consumer Benefits--- Better Indoor CoverageInadequate in-door coverage - top consumer complaint of their cellular service providerLower PA power levels in handset

Operator Benefits--- Reduces Capex & OpexImproves network capacity and coveragePushes backhaul service to consumer BB IP networkConsolidate services – Especially attractive to combined broadband/wireless providerReduce churn rate by increased service and user capital investment


8

Deployment Risks & Challenges

Location/RegistrationE911/GPS adds cost and complexity

Radio Network managementNarrowband GSM signals are blockers to adjacent cellsPotential network interference(W)CDMA systems are easier to manage

VOIP WiFi ThreatSimilar operator objectives – different model

More expensive dual mode phone vs. CAPEXChallenges above are similar

Repeaters & DAS can address the critical coverage issue, but does nothing for capacity, bundling service


9

Deployment Risks & Challenges cont.

Backhaul architecture – several optionsIP protocols skip the traditional cellular networkOptimum solution an unknown but will impact the degree of the problems below…..

Network SynchronizationBTS needs accurate clock and sync to networkTiming module could have negative impact on BOMIEEE 1588 scheme for sync to IP backhaulNeeds further study

QoS risksBackhaul (Broadband pipe) management to arbitrate users/data rate may not be simpleBigger issue for wireless operator with no ties to broadband provider


10

3GPP Base Station Classes: First specified in Release 6

Wide Area Base Stations: Macro Cell Scenario<20km cell, 70 dB coupling loss UE-MS

Medium Area Base Stations: Micro Cell Scenario1km – 3km, 53 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <38dBm

Local Area Base Station: Pico Cell Scenario100m – 300m, 45 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <24dBm

Home Base Station / Access Points have not been considered in Release 6 and onwards yet

Home Access Scenario (20m), 10dBm – 20dBmRadio Requirements still depend on system simulations & trials


11

Base Station Definitions

Femtocells are also referred to as Home Access Points and may be part of a broadband gateway platform.

Picocell Basestation Femtocell BasestationVoice & Data Service

250 mW / 6 kg~80 Voice UsersHSDPA 14.4 MbpsHSUPA 7.2 Mbps

10mW – 100mW / 1 kg20mW typical (+13dBm)4 Voice & Data UsersHSDPA 14.4 MbpsHSUPA 7.2 Mbps

Form Factor & User Capacity

Photo Sources: Andrew, Ubiquisys


12

3GPP WCDMA UE vs. BS RF Specifications3GPP Rx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104Reference Sensitivity 12.2kbps dBm -117 -107Maximum Channel Power dBm -25 ----Dynamic Range Test Level (AWGN 18dB above wanted) dBm ---- -77Adjacent Channel WCDMA 5MHz Offset dBc 39 63In Band WCDMA Blocking 10 MHz Offset dBc 48 71Out of Band CW Blocking 20 MHz Offset dBc ---- 86Out of Band CW Blocking 60 MHz Offset dBc 74 ----Out of Band CW Blocking 85 MHz Offset dBc 89 ----Narrow Band GMSK Blocking 2.7MHz Offset dBc 41 64Wide Band Intermodulation CW 10MHz + WCDMA 20MHz dBc 58 63Narrow Band Intermodulation CW 3.5MHz + GMSK 5.9MHz dBc 54 64

3GPP Tx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104Maximum Power dBm 24 <24Maximum Power Accuracy +/- dB 2 2.5Minimum Power Control Step dB 1 0.51dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 0.5 0.510dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 2 2Power Control Range dB 74 18ACLR 5MHz dB 33 45ACLR 10MHz dB 43 50Tx Noise in own Rx band dBm/Hz -132EVM % 12.5 17.5Peak Code Domain Error dB -15 -33Phase Discontinuity deg 30 ----


13

No formal spec for this platformThe femtoforum.org was organized to promote deployment of Femtocells worldwide through collaboration and interoperabilityWhole wireless infrastructure eco-system participatesGoal is to make a spec recommendation to 3GPP specific to home base stations

Femtocell Specifications


14

Operator Expectations

Operators require a self-managed plug & play femto layer at typical mobile subscriber acquisition cost points

BOM COST TRX + BB IC BOM<$70

Roadmap to<$40

Ease of NetworkIntegration

2G & 3G bandsscanning

AutonomousPower Control &

Self-Configuration

Manufacturability Single-PointRadio Calibration

MinimumProduction Time


15

Considerations for a Low FemtoCell BOM

Minimal manufacturing costs (radio calibration)Highly integrated silicon functionalityMulti-band operationLeverage existing market economy components (eg handset)Multiple functions in one packageMinimizing component count (glue-less interfaces, integrated passives)Power consumptionFootprint


16

Radio Calibration

Single point calibration is possible and results in an accuracy better than the competitionMulti-point calibrations [2 - 6 points] add to TCOAn integrated RMS power detector is designed to meet the stringent power control requirements of WCDMA systems

Representative Output Power Curve

-50-40-30-20-10

010203040

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Vset (Volts)

Out

put P

ower

(dB

m)

Representative1-Point Calibration Error

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Output Power (dBm)

Erro

r (dB

)


17

TRX Band Coverage Requirements-UMTSUMTS Bands Uplink Downlink Tx/Rx Data

SupportBand Monitor Support

I 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602,ADF4602-5

II 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602, ADF4602-5

III 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602 ADF4602-5

IV 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155 No No

V 824 - 849 869 - 894ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602 ADF4602-5

VI 830 - 840 875 - 885ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602 ADF4602-5

VII 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 No No

VIII 880 - 915 925 - 960ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602, ADF4602-5

IX 1749,9 - 1784,9 1844,9 - 1879,9ADF4602, ADF4602-5

ADF4602, ADF4602-5

X 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170 No No


18

2007 Development Platform:Integrated Converter MxFE & Integrated Radio

DATAMUX

&LATCH

SPIREGISTERS

AUX DAC

AUX ADC

DAC

DAC

2XInter-

polation

LATCH&

DEMUX

ADC

ADC

I/O Interface Configuration

AUX DAC

AUX ADC

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

PLL

.. .

.. .AUX DAC

.. .

DCDC

PA

DAC

DAC

ADC

÷2

ADF TRX

GainControl

PDLO

PDLO

Attn

I+Q

÷2

I+Q

4 Bit GPIO

MxFE

Synth-esizers

VCTCXO

AFC

I

I

Q

Q

3 Wire Bus

DigitalBaseband

ADFTRX Radio TechnologyHighly integrated TransceiverNo external SAW filters (apart from Duplexer)4 Code Transmit compatible (4+ users)Accurate Integrated power controlLow Power RF CMOS6x6mm 32 pin package

MxFE AD986xHigh Performance ADCs – DACs optimized for base station applicationsHighly Integrated Smart Partitioning64 pin LFCSP

26MHz Clock Buffer

IP LinkADL5320ADL5541

CLK


19

UMTS Radio Transceiver

Single Chip Tri-band 3G Transceiver3GPP 25.104 Release 6 WCDMA/HSDPALocal Area Class BS in Band 1-3,5,6,8,9WCDMA &GSM Monitoring of Bands 1-3,5,6,8,9

Minimal external componentsNo Tx SAW or Rx Inter-stage SAW filtersIntegrated Fast RMS power detectorIntegrated Power Management (3.2-5.5V input)Integrated Synthesizers incl. PLL loop filtersIntegrated PA bias control DACs/GPOs

Easy to use with minimal calibrationAutomatic fast Tx power controlAutomatic Rx offset controlSimple gain, frequency, mode programming

Low supply current35mA typical Rx current40-100mA Tx current (varies with Pout)

6x6mm LFCSP package

DC Offset Correction

DC Offset Correction

ADF4602

LO Generator

RMSDetector

Gain Control System

Loop Filter

Frac N Synth

LO Generator Loop Filter

Frac N Synth

TX_Pwr_Control

TX_Pwr_Control

TX_Pwr_Control

TX_Pwr_Control[Bus]

Serial InterfaceLDO1 LDO2 LDO3 LDO4 LDO5

TX_Pwr_Control

TX PLL

RX PLLTX Power Management System

RX_LO_LB

RX_LO_LB

19.2MHz

26MHz

TXRF

Selectable Bandwidth baseband filters

TXBBIBTXBBI

TXBBQ

TXBBQB

RXBBI

RXBBIB

RXBBQ

RXBBQB

REFIN

RXLBRF

RXHB2RF

RXHB1RF

PDET

VDD1 VSUP8

I Chan

Q Chan

VSUP6

VSUP7


20

IOUT+ B

IOUT- A

IOUT+ A

IOUT- B

VIN- B

VIN+ B

VIN- A

VIN+ A

CLKOUT1

DATAMUX

&LATCH

SPIREGISTERS

AUX DAC

AUX ADC

SPI

DAC

DAC

2XInter-

polation

LATCH&

DEMUX

ADC

ADC

I/O Interface Configuration

AUX DAC

AUX ADC

TX Sync

RX Syc

FlexibleI/OBus

[0:23]

OSC 1CLOCK

DISTRIBUTION

PLL

.

..

.

..

AUX DAC

.

..

Single Chip Dual Rx ADC & Tx /DAC

Dual 10b/12b, 65MSPS ADCDual 10b/12b, 130MSPS DAC3 Channels of Analog Auxiliary I/OADC 65MSPSDAC 130MSPSDigital Test ModesPower Down ModesAdjustable Interface TimingSmall footprint 64 Lead LFCSP

lead-free package

UMTS IF Converter


21

ADFTRX Transceiver

Power Detect

3GPP Band 1 DL

Monitor 850-900

Monitor 1800-2100

3GPP Band 1 UL

3G Local Area / Home Area BTSRadio – Proposal

B1 UL

1900 Rx

1800 Rx

900 Rx

850 Rx

B1 DL

B1 DL

PA

match

attn

match

match

ADC

ADC

DAC

DAC

AD9862/AD9863

Complete Radio Module including PA optionsLevel plan depends on required antenna output power


22

Femtocell Demonstrator

HardwareADF4602AD9863ADL5541ADL5320RegulatorFront-End Duplexer, Isolator and Coupler.TCXO (26MHz)

Control Software via GUIFIFO data interface board


23

WiMAX Femtocell

Highly integrated CPE radio transceiverExternal LNA and PA allow flexibility in system designDigital baseband complexity similar to the UMTS Femtocell

ADL5523

Balun

Balun

FPGAASIC

Pusle ShapeFilters

SampleRate

Conversion

FEC

NetworkProcessor

TigerSHARCInterface

IP Backhaul

ADL5571

AD9352

DSP/FPGA


24

Multimode Femtocells

UMTS/GSM, CDMA Femtocells designed to pico or macro BTS specsReceive band blocking spec in GSM is challengingIs the business case sound for investments in multimode Femtocells?

ADC

DAC

DAC

Pusle ShapeFilters

SampleRate

Conversion

FEC

NetworkProcessor

TigerSHARCInterface

ASIC

AD9862

ADL5350

VCO

ADC

DAC

DAC

DAC

ADC

ADC

DACDAC

ADC

÷2

ADFTRX

GainControl

PDLO

PDLO

I+Q

÷2

I+Q

4 Bit GPIO

Synth-esizers

3 Wire Bus

26MHz Clock Buffer

VCTCXO

SAW

ADC

AD9874

GSM 850

GSM 900

DCS

PCS

UMTS

ADL5523

ADL5525

ADL5541

GSM 850

GSM 900

DCS

PCS

UMTS

ADC

DAC

DAC

Pusle ShapeFilters

SampleRate

Conversion

FEC

NetworkProcessor

TigerSHARCInterface

ASIC

AD9862

ADL5350

VCO

ADC

DAC

DAC

DAC

ADC

ADC

DACDACDACDAC

ADC

÷2

ADFTRX

GainControl

PDLO

PDLO

I+QI+Q

÷2

I+QI+Q

4 Bit GPIO4 Bit GPIO

Synth-esizers

3 Wire Bus

26MHz Clock Buffer

VCTCXO

SAW

ADC

AD9874

GSM 850

GSM 900

DCS

PCS

UMTS

ADL5523

ADL5525

ADL5541

GSM 850

GSM 900

DCS

PCS

UMTS

AD8349

DAC

DAC

FPGAASIC

Pusle ShapeFilters

SampleRate

Conversion

FEC

NetworkProcessor

TigerSHARCInterface

Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS

ADL5541

Main

Diversity

PLL

0o

90o

AD8342ADL5350

ADL5221

ADL5523

ADL5523

ADF4360

ADF4360

ADL5530

IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz

AD9510Clock dist

PLL

AD9549Clock synch

Network clock in26 MHzVCXO

ADC

ADC

AD6652-65

ADL5322/23

Pout ~ 24 dBm

ADL5521

AD9763

Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver

IP Backhaul

ADSP- BF536

ADL8362ADL5500

ADuC70XXPrecision Microcontroller

RX Gain

PA

AD8349

DAC

DAC

FPGAASIC

Pusle ShapeFilters

SampleRate

Conversion

FEC

NetworkProcessor

TigerSHARCInterface

Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS

ADL5541

Main

Diversity

PLL

0o

90o

AD8342ADL5350

ADL5221

ADL5523

ADL5523

ADF4360

ADF4360

ADL5530

IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz

AD9510Clock dist

AD9510Clock dist

PLL

AD9549Clock synch

AD9549Clock synch

Network clock in26 MHzVCXO

ADC

ADC

AD6652-65

ADL5322/23

Pout ~ 24 dBm

ADL5521

AD9763

Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver

IP Backhaul

ADSP- BF536

ADL8362ADL5500

ADuC70XXPrecision Microcontroller

RX Gain

PA

DSP/FPGA


25

Semiconductor BOM Cost v. Data Rate

Cost

Dat

a R

ate

GSM/EDGE

HR UMTS

HR UMTS/EDGE

WiMAX

EVDO

FR UMTS

FR UMTSEV-DO

WiMAXEV-DO

CDMA 1X

FR UMTS / EDGE

Sing

le ra

dio

Mul

tiple

radi

os

Half Rate

Full Rate


26

Summary

Semiconductor vendors can play a key role in the cost reduction and migration of Femtocells

Future proofing solutions, integrationsDesign for manufacturing, radio calibration

Operators can influence their own cost baseBe reasonable in requirementsA Femtocell spec will help, e.g. output power requirements varyTrials will help codify the specs

Work with semi vendors to achieve best performance at most reasonable cost and mitigate risk

Next phase is cost reduction and spec rationalizationADI solutions


a 3g femtocell radio - analog devices von boston networking conference oct 29 2007

Technology

g femtocell radio

unknown analog devices

nokia analog devices

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