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TRANSCRIPT
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SECTION A:Introduction to Anatomy
and Physiology
Module 1-A: Organization of the Human Body
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Module Contents 1
Module Contents
Page
Components Suggested Activities 3
Written Test 9
Answers to Written Test 19
Answers to Assignment Sheets 23
Crossword Puzzles
1 Terms from Objectives 1 Through 4 252 Terms from Objectives 5 Through 8 27
3 Terms from Objectives 9 Through 13 294 Terms from Objective 14 31
Answers to Crossword Puzzles 33
Module Review 35
Answers to Module Review 47
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Suggested Activities 3
Suggested Activities
InstruCtIonal The following is a step-by-step instructional plan (preparation, delivery/application, and
plan evaluation) to assist you in preparing for group instruction or to assist you in modifying theLearning Activities Sheet provided in the student guide for this module
preparatIon Readthemodulecarefullyandplanforinstruction.
ReviewTeachingSuggestions.Planforclassroomactivities.
Obtain resources tosupplement instruction of thismodule. SeeResourcesUsed inDevelopingThisModuleandSuggestedSupplementalResources.
ReviewtheSuggestedWebSites,andmakealistofadditionalsitesyoumayhavefound for students to research to learn more about the human body
Forself-pacedinstruction,reviewLearningActivitiesSheetlocatedinthestudentguide.Go to customizable files link on teacher edition CD andmodify as appropriate toincludeadditional activities and/or resources available in your classroom.Make onecopy for each student
SelectWebsitestobeinsertedontheLearningActivitiesSheetinthestudentguide.
Review theadditionalresources that follow:WrittenTest, optionalassignmentsheetcrosswordpuzzles,andModuleReview.
Developyourinstructionalplan.Adjustyourinstructionalplanfordifferentlearningstylesand for students with special needs
The PowerPoint slides for each module of instruction have been provided as aPowerPointpresentationontheteachereditionCD.Theymaybeusedasisormaybemodified by the instructor to include additional information and illustrations You may alsochoosetoprintthePowerPointslidesinordertocreateacetatetransparencies.
CopytheWrittenTest,ModuleReview,andcrosswordpuzzlesfordistributiontoyourstudents
DelIveryanD Providethestudentswiththemoduleofinstructioninthestudentedition. applICatIon
DiscussthemoduleandspecificobjectivesontheModuleObjectiveSheet.
DiscusstheInformationSheet.Implementyourinstructionalplantolocalize,supplement
andpersonalizetheobjectivespresentedin thisportionofthemodule.Reinforce thebasicacademicandworkplaceskillswhenapplicable.
Discussthestudentsupplementswithstudents.
Discusstheassignmentsheets.Reviewwithstudentsthecriteriaforevaluationoftheseactivities
DiscusstheInteractiveStudentReviewlocatedonthestudentCD.
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4 Suggested Activities
evaluatIon AddormodifyWrittenTestitemsasneededusingtheWordfileincludedontheteachereditionCD.TheWrittenTestservesasbothapretestandposttesttoassistinmeasuringeach students competency gains
Giveandevaluatepretest.Modifylessonplantoincludeadditionalinstructionforthoseareas where students were deficient
Evaluate the assignment sheets. Rate the student using the criteria listed on eachassignment sheet See Answers to Assignment Sheets for correct answers whereapplicable.If thestudentsperformance isunacceptable,havethestudent reviewtheappropriate materials and complete the assignment again
Evaluate the crossword puzzles. See Answers to Crossword Puzzles for correctanswers
Giveandevaluatetheposttest.
Give andevaluate theModuleReview.TheModuleReviewreinforcesthe objectivespresentedintheInformationSheetthroughtheuseofmultiple-choicequestions.
Compile the WrittenTest, assignment sheet, crossword puzzle and ModuleReviewscores, and include any additional assignments or supplemental activities you haveselected as part of your instructional plan
Meet individually with students to evaluate their progress through this module ofinstruction and indicate to them possible areas of improvement
Reteachandretestasrequired.
teaChIng Note:Thismodulehastwoprimarypurposes: to introducestudents totheorganiza-
suggestIons tion of the human body and to begin to build the students anatomy and physiologyvocabularies.Lookforopportunitiestoreinforcebothgoalsasyoupresentthemoduleandcontinue into the other modules in this course
Use crossword puzzles 1 through 4 to help reinforce the terms in the associatedobjectives
PlayagameofInstructorSaysinwhichtheinstructortellsthestudentstotouchabodypart relative toanotherone.Forexample, the instructormaysay, Instructorsays totouchapartsuperiortotheleftelbow.Iftheteacherdoesnotsayinstructorsays,thenthe students should not follow through with the command
UsingthePowerPointslidesorotherillustrations,askthestudentstoindicateplanesandthennamemajororgansthatareintersectedbytheplanesforexample: asagittalplanethatdividestheumbilicalandleftlumbarabdominalregions.
UseaVisibleMan/VisibleWomantohavethestudentsidentifyorgansandstructuresinbody regions and abdominal regions
Haveascavengerhuntinwhichthestudentshavetofindanotherexampleofthetermsprovided inStudentSupplement1,excluding thosegiven in the student supplement.Medical dictionaries, periodicals, or other publications can be used
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Suggested Activities 5
Providethestudentswithmedicaldictionariesand have them look up the examplesgiven in Student Supplement 1
PlayagameofTwisterusingthetermsinStudentSupplement2.
Using terms fromStudentSupplement 2orothersources, provide the studentswithmedicaltermsandaskthemwhatorgansystemorsystemsarelikelytobeinvolved.Forexample,renalfailureismostlikelytoinvolvethekidneys.
Create flash-card sets as a learning aid for the information presented in StudenSupplement 1 and Student Supplement 2
ForAssignmentSheet3,obtainmaterialsforstudentstouseinconstructingtheirmodelsofvariousbodyorgans.Assigntwostudentstoworktogethertobuildthemodelandmakepresentationtoclass.
resourCes useD Core Curriculum for Surgical Technology, 5th ed. Englewood, CO: Association o In DevelopIng SurgicalTechnologists,Inc.,2002.
ThIs moDule Gylys, BarbaraA., andRegina M.Masters.Medical Terminology Simplified, 3rd ed
Philadelphia:F.A.DavisCompany,2005.
Hilley, Robert. Anatomy and Physiology. Stillwater, OK: Multistate Academic andVocationalCurriculumConsortium,Inc.,2002.
Kwon-Chung, K. J., and John E.Bennett.Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: Lea andFebiger,1992.
Saladin,KennethS.Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 4th edNewYork:McGraw-Hill,2007.
Scanlon,ValerieC.,andTinaSanders.Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5th edPhiladelphia:F.A.DavisCompany,2006.
Seeley,RodR.,TrentD.Stephens,andPhilipTate.Anatomy & Physiology, 7th ed NewYork:McGraw-Hill.2006.
Sherris,DavidA.,and Eugene B.Kern.Basic Surgical Skills. Rochester,MN:MayoFoundationforMedicalEducationandResearch,1999.
Standring,Susan.Grays Anatomy,40thed.London:ChurchillLivingstone,2008.
Thibodeau,GaryA.,andKevinT.Patton.Anatomy and Physiology,7thed.St.LouisMosby,Inc.,2009.
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6 Suggested Activities
suggesteD Note: The following Web sites offer general information about anatomy and physi- Web sItes* ology and generally cover more than one body system Later modules list sites specific to
the systems and disorders presented in that module These sites can be used in a generalway with the first four modules included in Section A and for specific portions of the sites astheyrelatetothesystemscoveredinlatermodulesinSectionB.
http://opencourse.org/Collaboratories/harveyproject/
The Harvey Project is an international collaboration of educators, researchers,physicians,students,programmers,instructionaldesigners,andgraphicartistsworkingtogethertobuildinteractive,dynamichumanphysiologycoursematerialsontheWeb.MaterialsproducedbytheHarveyProjectareavailablefreetoeducationalinstitutions.Thesite isconstantlyupdatedandshouldbecheckedoftenandbrowsedforoverallcontent
http://www.hapsweb.org/
The Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) was founded to promotecommunications among teachers of human anatomy and physiology in colleges,
universities, and related institutions; to present workshops and conferences wheremembers can obtain information about the latest developments in the health andsciences fields; and to encourage educational research and publication by HAPSmembers The site contains information about society resources, including a newsletter,publications,andresourcesontheInternet.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
The Visible Human Projects objective is to create complete, anatomically detailed,three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies ThesitecontainsCT,MR,andcryosectionimagesofmaleandfemalecadavers.Themaleis sectioned at one-millimeter intervals, while the female is sectioned at one-third-of-a
millimeter intervals
http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html
This site provides a great deal of information on the human body in fun, interactiveformats There is a great deal of emphasis on terminology and body parts
http://www.orthop.washington.edu/
SponsoredbytheUniversityofWashington,thissiteoffersinformationonorthopedic-related subjects
http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/DermImag.htm
Thissiteoffersmanyimagesoftheskinandunderlyingtissues.
http://www.heartsite.com/index.html
Although designed for patients with heart-related complaints, this site contains a greatdeal of information about the heart and its disorders
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Suggested Activities 7
http://www.merck.com/health/
This site provides a general guide to health that addresses many of the disorderscovered in this curriculum
http://www.martindalecenter.com/
This site provides a wealth of information and many useful graphics about humananatomy
http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/gallery/gallery.htm
ThislinkgoesdirectlytothegalleryportionoftheVisibleHumanProjectattheUniversityofColorado.
http://www.maui.net/~jms/brainuse.html
This site deals primarily with the brain and offers many useful graphics
http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/index.html
Thissiteallowsstudentstoexploretheheart,itsstructureanddevelopment,theflowoblood,anditsrelationshiptootherbodysystems.Italsopresentsinformationabouthearhealth and the history of heart science
http://uwmsk.org/RadAnatomy.html
Thissitefeaturesradiologicalimagesofthebodyandtheskeletalsystem.
http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html
This site provides images and information in four areas: the brain, neuroanatomythoracicviscera,andtheknee.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system
This site providesgreat information on the various bodysystems thatmake up thehuman body To move from one body system to another, simply change the systemnameintheWebaddress.Forexample,change"integumentary"to"muscular"togotothe section of this online encyclopedia that addresses that system
http://dir.yahoo.com/science/biology/anatomy
Byvisitingthissite,youwillhaveaccesstoavarietyofWebaddressesthatcoverthe
bodysystemsinthehumananatomy.ClickonthebodysystemyouwishtoexploretoaccessWebsitesthatoffergoodinformation,aswellasillustrationstofurtherexplorethe human body
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-bodyshtml
This site provides a wealth of information and many useful graphics about humananatomy, as well as an atlas of the human body
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8 Suggested Activities
*Web-siteaddresseswereaccurateandallcontentonreferencedWebsiteswasappropriateduringdevelopmentandproductionofthisproduct.However,Websitessometimeschange;MAVCCtakesnoresponsibilityfora sitescontent.TheinclusionofaWebsitedoesnotconstitute an endorsement of that sites other pages, products, or owners You areencouragedtoverifyallWebsitespriortouse.
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Written Test 9
Written Test
Name __________________________________________________________________
Date ________________________________ Score __________________________
objeCtIve 1 Define the terms anatomyandphysiology. Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbeside each of the terms below
a Anatomy ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b. Physiology__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 2 Define the term anatomical position.Writeyouranswerontheblanklinesprovidedbesidethe term below
Anatomical position________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 3 Labelthecommonbodyplanes.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedundereachoftheillustrationsbelowandonthenextpage.
a _____________________________
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10 Written Test
b _____________________________ c _____________________________
d _____________________________ e _____________________________
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Written Test 11
objeCtIve 4 Matchthedirectionaltermsusedinanatomytotheircorrectdescriptions.Writethenumbersontheblanksprovided.
_______ a At the wall of a body cavity
_______ b. Fartherfromthehead
_______ c Away from the surface
_______ d. Withinabodycavity
_______ e Nearer to a point of reference
_______ f More toward the front of the body
_______ g. Belowthesurface
_______ h. Fartherfromapointofreference
_______ i More toward the head
_______ j On the surface
_______ k. Moretowardthebacksideofthebody
_______ l. Closertothemidlineofthebody
_______ m At or near the edge
_______ n At or near the middle
_______ o. Fartherfromthemidlineofthebody
_______ p Near the surface
1 Anterior
2. Central
3 Deep
4 Distal
5. Exterior
6. Inferior
7. Internal
8 Lateral
9 Medial
10. Parietal
11. Peripheral
12. Posterior
13. Proximal
14 Superficial
15 Superior
16. Visceral
objeCtIve 5 Describethelocatingtermsusedinanatomy.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.
a. Caudal_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b. Cephalic____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
c Greater curvature ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
d Lesser curvature _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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e. Palmar_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
f. Plantar_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 6 Describethebodypositions.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthe terms below
a. Erect ______________________________________________________________
b Lateral _____________________________________________________________
c. Prone______________________________________________________________
d Supine _____________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 7 List the general regions of the body. Write your answers on the blank lines providedbelow
a. ___________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 8 Statethecontentsofthemajorbodycavities.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.
a Abdominal cavity _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b. Cranialcavity________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
c Mediastinal space ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
d. Pelviccavity_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
e. Pericardialcavity_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Written Test 13
f. Pleuralcavities ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
g Spinal cavity ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 9 Labelthequadrantsof theabdominopelviccavity.Writeyouranswersontheblank linesprovided beside the illustration below
a b
c d
a _____________________________________
b _____________________________________
c _____________________________________
d _____________________________________
objeCtIve 10 Match the major abdominopelvic organs to their correct quadrant locations. Write thenumbersontheblanksprovided.
_______ a. Lower ascending colon, cecum, appendix,
lower right ureter, terminal ileum, part of theurinarybladder,sexorgans
_______ b Ascending part of the duodenum, upperdescending colon, left half of the transversecolon, spleen, small part of the liver, left adrenalgland,leftkidney,upperpartoftheleftureter,stomach
_______ c. Part of the small intestine, including thedescending duodenum; upper ascending colon;most of the liver; gallbladder; bile ducts; head
of the pancreas; right adrenal gland; rightkidney;upperpartoftherightureter
_______ d Lower descending colon, small intestine, partoftheurinarybladder,sexorgans
1. Rightupper
quadrant
2 Left upper quadrant
3. Rightlower quadrant
4 Left lower quadrant
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14 Written Test
objeCtIve 11 Labeltheregionsoftheabdomen.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedundertheillustration below
b ca
e fd
h ig
a ___________________________________________________________________
b ___________________________________________________________________
c ___________________________________________________________________
d ___________________________________________________________________
e ___________________________________________________________________
f ___________________________________________________________________
g ___________________________________________________________________
h ___________________________________________________________________
i ___________________________________________________________________
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Written Test 15
objeCtIve 12 Listthemajorbodystructuresinorderofincreasingcomplexity.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbelow.
a ___________________________________________________________________
b ___________________________________________________________________
c ___________________________________________________________________
d ___________________________________________________________________
e ___________________________________________________________________
objeCtIve 13 Matchthemajororgansystemstotheircorrectfunctions.Writethenumbersontheblanksprovided
1. Circulatorysystem2 Digestive system
3. Endocrinesystem 4. Immunesystem 5. Integumentarysystem 6. Muscularsystem
7 Nervous system 8. Reproductivesystem 9. Respiratorysystem10. Skeletalsystem11 Special senses12. Urinarysystem
_______ a. Receives,breaksdown,andabsorbsfoodsubstancesandexcreteswasteproducts
_______ b. Servesinremovingwasteproductsfromthebloodandinexcretingwastesin the form of urine
_______ c. Providesprotectionagainstdiseaseandinfection
_______ d. Providestheframeworkforthebodyandworkstoprotectandsupportthebody
_______ e. Providesforbodymovementandsupport
_______ f. Involvedwithreproductionandchildbirth
_______ g. Protects the organism from injury, disease, and infection; aids in theregulationof temperature, the excretion ofwastes,and the reception ofsensations
_______ h. Takesinoxygenfromtheairandgivesoffcarbondioxide,whichisproducedby cell metabolism
_______ i Serves to regulate various body functions through glands that secretehormones directly into the blood to slow down or increase the activity of the
cells
_______ j. Coordinates body activities by receiving, interpreting, and conductingmessages to all the other systems of the body
_______ k. Transportsmaterialsthroughoutthebodybycarryingoxygenandnutrientsin the blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the waste productsof the cells
_______ l. Functioninreceivingsensationssuchassight,smell,hearing,andtaste
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16 Written Test
objeCtIve 14 Listthemajororgansandstructuresineachofthemajororgansystems.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.
a. Integumentarysystem_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b. Skeletalsystem______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
c Muscular system _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
d Nervous system ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
e Special senses ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
f Digestive system _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
g. Circulatorysystem____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
h. Respiratorysystem___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Written Test 17
i. Urinarysystem_______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
j. Reproductivesystem__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
k. Endocrinesystem____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
l. Immunesystem______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
*Permission to duplicate this test is granted.
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Answers to Written Test 19
Answers to Written Test
objeCtIve 1 a. Thescientificstudyofthestructureofanorganismthatdescribesthesize,shapeconstruction, and relative positions of the organs in the body
b The scientific study of the functions of an organism that describes how the organsworkindependentlyandinrelationtothewholeorganism
objeCtIve 2 A position of the body in which a person stands erect, facing directly forward, feet pointedforward and slightly apart, arms hanging down at the sides with the palms facing forward; astandard method of viewing the body so that the anatomy can be consistently described
objeCtIve 3 a. Obliqueplane
b Sagittal plane c. Coronalplane
d Transverse planee Median plane
objeCtIve 4
a. 10 b. 6
c 3 d. 16
e 13f 1
g 7h 4
i 15j 5
k. 12l 9
m 11n 2o 8p 14
objeCtIve 5
a. Referringtothetailortailendofastructure b. Referringtotheheadortotheheadendofastructure c. Referringtotheouterandlongerportionofacurvedstructure d. Referringtotheinnerandshorterportionofacurvedstructure e. Referringtothepalmofthehand f. Referringtothesoleofthefoot
objeCtIve 6 a Standing or sitting uprightb Lying on one sidec Lying down on the stomachd Lying down face up
objeCtIve 7 Answers may appear in any order
a. Head b. Trunk
c Limbs
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20 Answers to Written Test
objeCtIve 8 a Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, most of the small and large intestines,kidneys
b. Brainandpituitarygland
c Thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, ends of the vena cavae, beginning of theaorta
d. Urinarybladder,sexorgans,partofthelargeintestine,includingthececum,appendix,and rectum
e. Heart
f One lung in each
g Spinal cord
objeCtIve 9 a. Rightupperquadrant
b. Leftupperquadrant c. Rightlowerquadrant d. Leftlowerquadrant
objeCtIve 10 a 3b 2c 1d 4
objeCtIve 11 a. Righthypochondriacregion
b. Epigastricregionc Left hypochondriac region d. Rightlumbarregion e. Umbilicalregion
f Left lumbar region g. Rightiliacregion h. Hypogastricregion
i Left iliac region
objeCtIve 12 a. Cellb Tissuec Organd Organ systeme Organism
objeCtIve 13
a 2b 12c 4
d. 10 e. 6
f 8
g 5h 9i 3
j 7 k. 1
l 11
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Answers to Written Test 21
objeCtIve 14 a. Skin,hair,nails,ductglands
b. Bones,joints,cartilage,connectivetissue
c. Skeletal,smooth,andcardiacmuscles
d. Brain,spinalcord,peripheralnerves
e. Eyes,ears,nose,tastebuds
f. Mouth,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,largeandsmallintestines,accessoryorganssuch as the gallbladder and pancreas
g. Heart,bloodvessels,blood,lymphatictissues
h. Lungs,nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea
i Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
j. Sexorgansandductstotheoutside
k. Ductlessglands
l. Whitebloodcells,antibodies
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Answers to Assignment Sheets 23
Answers to Assignment Sheets
Assignment Sheet 1Practice Critical Thinking: Use Directional Terms to DescribeSurgical Incisions
Suggested answers
problem 1
Begintheincision2cmtotheleftofthemedianplaneandevenwiththeinferiorendofthenose and proceed parallel to the nasolabial groove for 2 cm
problem 2
Begintheincisiononthemedialsideoftheleftkneeandproceedanteriorlytothecentrapointoftheknee.
problem 3
Begintheincision2cmtotherightofthemedianplaneofthebackattheintersectionofthe transverse plane and proceed laterally for 4 cm at an angle so that the lateral end of theincisionisapproximately2cmsuperiortothemedialendoftheincision.
problem 4
Begintheincisiononthemedialplaneofthechestatapointevenwiththenipples;proceedobliquelytoapointapproximately8cmsuperiortotheleftnipple;makeasecondincisionapproximately5cmlongandata90-degreeangletothefirst.
problem 5
Begintheincisionatapointevenwithandapproximately2cminferiortothemedialendoftherighteye;proceedwiththeincisionobliquelylateralsothat theendoftheincision is
proximaltotheinferiorendoftheearlobe.
Assignment Sheet 2Define Medical Terms
problem 1
a An inflammation of an organ b. Oforrelatedtothekidneys c. Aninflammationofthekidney
problem 2
a Against or opposing b. Pertainingtoorcharacterizedbyfever
c Aspirin reduces fever
problem 3
a A specified action, process, or result; an increase in a pathologic condition b. Pertainingtoanartery c. Hard
d Deterioration and loss of elasticity of the arteries
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24 Answers to Assignment Sheets
problem 4
a. Presenceofasubstanceintheurine b. Pertainingtoanybacterialmicroorganism c. Excessivebacteriaintheurine
problem 5
a. Swellingresultingfromanexcessiveaccumulationofserousfluidinthetissuesofthebody in specified locations
b. Pertainingtothehead
c Swelling of the head
problem 6
Cardiologistfromtherootwordcardio,meaningpertainingtotheheart;fromthesuffix-logy,meaningascienceorstudyof;andfromthesuffix-ist, meaning a practitioner of ascience
problem 7
An artificial opening for the colon, derived from colo- for colon and stoma- for a hole oropening
problem 8 Thyroidectomy
problem 9 An image of blood vessels
problem 10
The term for normal breathing is eupnea, and the term for difficult breathing is dyspenaEupneacomesfromtheprefix eu-, meaning well or easily, and from the root word pnea,meaningbreathorbreathing.Dyspenacomesfromtheprefixdys-, meaning bad, painful,
or disordered, and from the root wordpnea, meaning breath or breathing
Assignment Sheet 3Construct a Model of an Organ of the Human Body
This assignment to be evaluated by the instructor using the evaluation criteria stated on theassignment sheet
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Crossword Puzzle 1 25
Crossword Puzzle 1Terms from Objectives 1 Through 4
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________
1 2 3 4 5
6
7 8 9
10
11
12
13 14 15
16 17
18 19
20
21 22
23 24
25
ACROSS
1. Withinabodycavity 3. ____ plane is a lengthwise plane running from side to side and
dividingthebodyintofrontandbackparts7 The scientific study of the structure of an organism that describes
size, shape, construction, and relative positions of organs in thebody
9. ____planeisalengthwiseplanerunningparalleltothemedianplanebutnotthroughthemidlineanddividingthebodyintounequalleftandright parts
11 More toward the head13 Away from the surface
16. Alivingperson,animal,orplant18 Near the surface19. Closertothemidlineofthebody21. ______planeis a lengthwiseplanerunningthroughmidlineof the
bodyfromfront tobackanddividing bodyintoequal rightandlefthalves
22. Fartherfromthehead23 Nearer to a point of reference24. Fartherfromthemidlineofthebody25 At or near the edge
DOWN
2 At or near the middle 4. ____ plane is a lengthwise plane passing through the body at a
45-degree angle to a sagittal plane or to the median plane5 More toward the front of the body
6. Atthewallofabodycavity 8. _____planeisahorizontalplanepassingthroughthebodyfromfron
tobackanddividingthebodyintoequalupperandlowerparts10. Onthesurface12. Moretowardthebacksideofthebody
3 The scientific study of the functions of an organism that describes howtheorgansworkindependentlyandinrelationtothewholeorganism
15. Aspecialstructurewithinthebodythatisarrangedinanorganizedmanner to perform a specific function
17. Belowthesurface20. Fartherfromapointofreference
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Crossword Puzzle 2 27
Crossword Puzzle 2Terms from Objectives 5 Through 8
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________
1 2
3
4 5 6 7
8
9 10 11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18 19
20
21
22
ACROSS3. Referringtotheheadortotheheadendofastructure4. Agroupoforgansandrelatedstructuresthatworktogethertoperform
a common function8. Curvature that refers to the outer and longer portion of a curved
structure9. Referringtothepalmofthehand13 An organ that must function properly in order for the life of the organism
to continue (2 words)14. Curvature that refers to the inner and shorter portion of a curved
structure
16. Cavity containing the urinary bladder, sex organs, part of the largeintestine,includingthececum,appendix,andrectum
19. Cavity containing the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas,mostofthesmallandlargeintestines,kidneys
20.Cavitycontainingthebrainandpituitarygland21.Referringtothesoleofthefoot22 An evaluation of a persons health based on appearance, the persons
feelings and behavior, and the status of indicators of health such astemperature, blood pressure, and body chemistry
DOWN1. Referringtothetailortailendofastructure2. Cavitiescontainingonelungineach4 A medical procedure intended to correct physical defects, repair
injuries, or treat diseases, especially through the use of medicalinstruments
5 Space containing the thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, endsof the vena cavae, beginning of the aorta
6. Lyingononeside7. Cavitycontainingtheheart8 Any of various structures within the body that produce specific
chemicals to help with the functions of the body10. Tocreate ina patienta lossofsensation, withorwithouta losso
consciousness; to create a condition of anesthesia in a patient; toadminister an anesthetic
11. Cavitycontainingthespinalcord12 Standing or sitting upright15 Lying down face up17.Resultingindeath18 Lying down on the stomach
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Crossword Puzzle 3 29
Crossword Puzzle 3Terms from Objectives 9 Through 13
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________
1
2 3
4
5
6 7 8
9 10
11 12
13
14
15
ACROSS1 System that provides protection against disease and infection2 System that is involved with reproduction and childbirth
5. Systemthatreceives,breaksdown,andabsorbsfoodsubstancesandexcreteswasteproducts
10. A type ofbody tissue that forms the skeletonof the developingfetus, most of which is converted to bone after birth
13 Systems that function in receiving sensations such as sight, smell,hearing, and taste (2 words)
14 System that serves in removing waste products from the blood andinexcretingwastesintheformofurine
15. System that provides the framework for the body and works toprotect and support the body
DOWN1 System that protects the organism from injury, disease, and
infection; aids in the regulation of temperature, the excretion ofwastes, and the reception of sensations
3. Agroupofreactionsexhibitedbytissuewhenexposedtoirritants;the reactions may include swelling, heat, pain, and other signs ofirritation
4 System that transports materials throughout the body by carryingoxygenandnutrientsinthebloodtoallthecellsofthebodyandcarrying away the waste products of the cells
6. Thepointatwhichtheumbilicalcordjoinedthefetustothemotherswomb during pregnancy; commonly referred to as the navelor bellybutton
7 A part of the body, such as the heart, a bone, a gland, a cell, or alimb
8. System that takes in oxygen from the air and gives off carbondioxide,whichisproducedbycellmetabolism
9 System that provides for body movement and support
11 System that serves to regulate various body functions throughglands that secrete hormones directly into the blood to slow downor increase the activity of the cells
12 System that coordinates body activities by receiving, interpretingand conducting messages to all the other systems of the body
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Crossword Puzzle 4 31
Crossword Puzzle 4Terms from Objective 14
Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________
1
2
3
4 5
6
7 8
9
10
11
12
ACROSSSystem that contains
4. Skeletal,smooth,andcardiacmuscles7 Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
9. Eyes,ears,nose,tastebuds(2words)11. Mouth,pharynx, esophagus,stomach, large and
small intestines, accessory organs such as thegallbladder and pancreas
12 Ductless glands
DOWNSystem that contains
1. Skin,hair,nails,ductglands 2. Heart,bloodvessels,blood,lymphatictissues 3. Whitebloodcells,antibodies 5. Sexorgansandductstotheoutside
6. Lungs,nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea 8. Brain,spinalcord,peripheralnerves10. Bones,joints,cartilage,connectivetissue
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Answers to Crossword Puzzles 33
Answers to Crossword Puzzles
Crossword Puzzle 1
ACROSS
1. VISCERAL 3. CORONAL
7 ANATOMY 9. SAGITTAL11. SUPERIOR13. DEEP16. ORGANISM18. SUPERFICIAL19. MEDIAL21. MEDIAN
22. INFERIOR23. PROXIMAL24. LATERAL25. PERIPHERAL
DOWN
2. CENTRAL 4. OBLIQUE 5. ANTERIOR 6. PARIETAL 8. TRANSVERSE10. EXTERIOR12. POSTERIOR14. PHYSIOLOGY15. ORGAN17. INTERNAL
20. DISTAL
Crossword Puzzle 2
ACROSS 3. CEPHALIC 4. SYSTEM 8. GREATER
9. PALMAR13. VITALORGAN14. LESSER16. PELVIC19. ABDOMINAL20. CRANIAL21. PLANTAR22. EXAMINATION
DOWN 1. CAUDAL 2. PLEURAL 4. SURGERY
5. MEDIASTINAL 6. LATERAL 7. PERICARDIAL
8 GLAND10. ANESTHETIZE11. SPINAL12. ERECT15. SUPINE17. FATAL18. PRONE
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34 Answers to Crossword Puzzles
Crossword Puzzle 3
ACROSS 1. IMMUNE 2. REPRODUCTIVE 5. DIGESTIVE10. CARTILAGE
13. SPECIALSENSES14. URINARY15. SKELETAL
DOWN 1. INTEGUMENTARY 3. INFLAMMATION 4. CIRCULATORY 6. UMBILICUS
7. STRUCTURE 8. RESPIRATORY 9. MUSCULAR11. ENDOCRINE12. NERVOUS
Crossword Puzzle 4
ACROSS 4. MUSCULAR 7. URINARY
9. SPECIALSENSES11. DIGESTIVE12. ENDOCRINE
DOWN 1. INTEGUMENTARY 2. CIRCULATORY
3. IMMUNE 5. REPRODUCTIVE 6. RESPIRATORY 8. NERVOUS10. SKELETAL
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Module Review 35
Module Review
Name __________________________________________________________________
Date ________________________________ Score __________________________
DIreCtIons Readeachoftheitemsbelow.Fromthechoicesgiven,circletheletterofthemost-correcresponse
Objective6 1. Apersonsittingorstandinguprightisinwhatbodyposition?
a erect
b supine
c prone
d lateral
Objective10 2. Which of the following organs isNOT located in the right upper quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?
a gallbladder
b. leftkidney
c bile ducts
d most of the liver
Objective13 3. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofthedigestivesystem?
a receives food substances
b. breaksdownandabsorbsfoodsubstances
c circulates digested nutrients to other parts of the body
d. excreteswasteproducts
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36 Module Review
Objective14 4. Theskin,hair,nails,andductglandsarepartofwhatorgansystem?
a endocrine system
b special senses system
c. specializedsensationsystem
d integumentary system
Objective14 5. Thereproductivesystemincludeswhichofthefollowing?
a. sexorgansandductstotheoutside
b. sexorgansandthealimentarycanal
c ducted and ductless glands
d glands and the urinary system
Objective8 6. Inwhatbodycavityistheliverlocated?
a pleural cavity
b pericardial cavity
c peritoneal cavity
d abdominal cavity
Objective4 7. Whattermisusedforastructurenearthemiddleofaregion?
a central
b peripheral
c superficial
d circumficial
Objective1 8. Physiologyisthescientificstudyofthe______ofanorganism.
a functions
b structure
c purpose
d offspring
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Module Review 37
Objective3 9. The______planeisahorizontalplanepassingthroughthebodyfromfronttobackanddividingthebodyintoequalupperandlowerparts.
a coronal
b median
c sagittal
d transverse
Objective4 10. A______structureisonethatlieswithinabodycavity.
a visceral
b parietal
c central
d peripheral
Objective6 11. Apersonlyingdownonthestomachisinwhatbodyposition?
a erect
b supine
c prone
d lateral
Objective7 12. WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeneralregionsofthebody?
a head
b. trunk
c limbs
d. externalperipherals
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38 Module Review
Objective9 13. Intheillustrationbelow, thequadrantmarkedwithan X iswhich quadrantof theabdominopelviccavity?
a right upper
b left upper
c right lower
d left lower
X
Objective10 14. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the right lower quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?
a lower descending colon
b lower right ureter
c terminal ileum
d cecum
Objective13 15. Whichoftheorgansystemsprotectstheorganismfrominjury,disease,andinfectionandaidsintheregulationoftemperature,theexcretionofwastes,andthereceptionofsensations?
a endocrine system
b immune system
c urinary system
d integumentary system
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Module Review 39
Objective13 16. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanactivityofthenervoussystem?
a receives messages
b receives sensations
c interprets messages
d conducts messages
Objective14 17. Thekidneys,ureter,bladder,andurethraarepartofwhichorgansystem?
a urinary system
b reproductive system
c digestive system
d endocrine system
Objective4 18. Usingthetrunkasareferencepoint,whichofthesestatementsistrue?
a. Thekneeismoredistalthanthefoot.
b. Thekneeismoreproximalthanthefoot.
c. Thekneeismoremedialthanthefoot.
d. Thekneeismorelateralthanthefoot.
Objective4 19. Whatwouldbethebesttermtodescribeawoundthatbreakstheskinbutdoesnotenterintothemuscletissue?
a. external
b superficial
c distal
d peripheral
Objective1 20. Anatomyisthescientificstudyofthe______ofanorganism.
a functions
b structure
c purpose
d offspring
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40 Module Review
Objective3 21. The ______plane isa lengthwiseplanepassingthrough the bodyata45-degreeangle to a sagittal plane or to the median plane
a midline
b frontal
c. horizontal
d. oblique
Objective4 22. Usingthemidlineoftheheadasareferencepoint,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?
a The ears are more distal than the nose
b The ears are more lateral than the nose
c. Bothaandb
d Neither a nor b
Objective6 23. Apersonlyingoneithertherightorleftsideisinwhatbodyposition?
a erect
b supine
c prone
d lateral
Objective8 24. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectstatement?
a The pituitary is in the cranial cavity
b The lungs are in the pleural cavities
c The thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi are in the mediastinalspace
d. The urinary bladder, sex organs, cecum, appendix, and rectum are in theabdominal cavity
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Module Review 41
Objective10 25. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the left lower quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?
a part of the gallbladder
b small intestine
c lower descending colon
d. sexorgans
Objective13 26. Whichofthemajororgansystemsprovidesforbodymovementandsupport?
a. skeletalsystem
b muscular system
c integumentary system
d reproductive system
Objective13 27. Whichorgansystemservesto regulatevariousbody functions throughglandsthasecrete hormones directly into the blood to slow down or increase the activity of thecells?
a endocrine system
b gland system
c secretion system
d hormone system
Objective14 28. WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartoftheskeletalsystem?
a joints
b cartilage
c. skeletalmuscles
d connective tissue
Objective14 29. Whattypeofglandsarefoundintheendocrinesystem?
a salivary
b ducted
c ductless
d sebaceous
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42 Module Review
Objective4 30. WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredananteriorstructure?
a nose
b chest
c. back
d toe
Objective2 31. Anatomicalpositionisapositionofthebodyinwhichaperson______,facingdirectlyforward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, arms hanging down at the sides withthepalmsfacing______.
a stands erect, outward
b stands erect, forward
c is supine, outward
d is supine, forward
Objective3 32. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningparalleltothemedianplanebutnotthroughthemidlineanddividingthebodyintounequalleftandrightparts.
a coronal
b median
c sagittal
d transverse
Objective4 33. Mostorgansofthebodycanbedescribedas______.
a internal
b. external
c superficial
d peripheral
Objective6 34. Apersonlyingonthebackfacingupisinwhatbodyposition?
a erect
b supine
c prone
d lateral
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Module Review 43
Objective8 35. Thepericardialcavitycontainsthe______.
a heart
b lungs
c brain
d stomach
Objective10 36. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the left upper quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?
a spleen
b stomach
c upper ascending colon
d left half of the transverse colon
Objective13 37. Whatisthetermfortheorgansystemthatfunctionsinreceivingspecialsensationssuchassight,smell,hearing,andtaste?
a special sensations system
b special senses system
c circulatory system
d. specializednervoussystem
Objective13 38. Which of the following phrases best describes the function of the respiratorysystem?
a. takesinoxygenfromtheairandgivesoffcarbondioxide,whichisproducedbycell metabolism
b. takesincarbondioxidefromtheairandgivesoffoxygenthatisproducedbycell metabolism
c. transportsmaterialsthroughoutthebodybycarryingoxygenandnutrientsinthe blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the waste products ofthe cells
d. transports materials throughout the body by carrying carbon dioxide andnutrients in the blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the wasteproducts of the cells
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44 Module Review
Objective14 39. WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartoftherespiratorysystem?
a nose
b. pharynx
c trachea
d esophagus
Objective14 40. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanorganorstructureinthemuscularsystem?
a smooth muscles
b cardiac muscles
c. skeletalmuscles
d digestive muscles
Objective3 41. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningthroughthemidlineofthebodyfromfronttobackanddividingthebodyintoequalrightandlefthalves.
a coronal
b median
c sagittal
d transverse
Objective4 42. Abodypartthatismoretowardtheheadissaidtobe______.
a superior
b inferior
c anterior
d posterior
Objective 5 43 The term greater curvaturereferstothe______.
a point of the shoulder
b protrusion of the hip
c shape of the spine
d longer portion of a curved organ
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Module Review 45
Objective 8 44 The ends of the vena cavae and the beginning of the aorta are contained in the______.
a spinal cavity
b pericardial cavity
c mediastinal space
d cranial cavity
Objective11 45. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruewithregardtothenineabdominalregions?
a The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region
b The left iliac region is superior to the left lumbar region
c The right iliac region is superior to the right hypochondriac region
d The hypogastric region is lateral to the left hypochondriac region
Objective14 46. The heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic tissues are part of which organsystem?
a reproductive system
b circulatory system
c integumentary system
d muscular system
Objective5 47. Onwhatpartofthebodywouldaplantarwartbelocated?
a the nose
b. thebackofthehand
c the palm of the hand
d the sole of the foot
Objective3 48. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningfromsidetosideanddividingthebodyintofrontandbackparts.
a coronal
b median
c sagittal
d transverse
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46 Module Review
Objective5 49. ______referstothetailortailendofastructure.
a. Cephalic
b. Caudal
c. Palmar
d. Plantar
Objective12 50. Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsequenceofbodystructuresfromsimplesttomostcomplex?
a cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
b tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism
c cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism
d cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism
*Permission to duplicate this module review is granted.
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Answers to Module Review 47
Answers to Module Review
1 a
2 b3 c4 d5 a
6. d7 a8 a9 d
10. a
11 c
12 d13 b14 a15 d16. b17 a18 b19 b20. b
21 d
22 c23 d24 d25 a26. b27 a28 c29 c30. c
31 b
32 c33 a34 b35 a36. c37 b38 a39 d40. d
41 b
42 a43 d44 c45 a46. b47 d48 a49 b50. a
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