a basic chronology 1a. bronze age - minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12...

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Early Greece Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200 2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480 4. Classical Period 480-323

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Page 1: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Early Greece

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

A Basic Chronology !

1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200

2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480

4. Classical Period 480-323 !

Page 2: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

1a. Bronze Age Greece - MinoansThe Minoan Civilization (1900-1450 BCE)

!!

Knossos, Crete

Page 3: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece
Page 4: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

1b. Bronze Age Greece - MycenaeansThe Mycenaean Civilization (1450-1200 BCE)

Mainland Greece, especially the Peloponnesus

Mycenae – Palace Megaron

Cf. Megaron at Pylos, Palace of Nestor

Page 5: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Mycenae – Palace Megaron

Cf. Megaron at Pylos, Palace of Nestor

Mycenae – Demons?

Page 6: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Bronze Age - Collapse

!Greek Palace structures are destroyed in about 1200-1150 BCE

!Knossos Mycenae

Pylos Thebes Tiryns Troy(!)

We do not know how or by whom the devastation occurred - the Greeks told a story of invaders (the “Dorian invasion”)

Page 7: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

2. The Greek “Dark Age” - the Iron Age!1200-750 BCE

Lefkandi – Heroön plan

Page 8: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

2. The Iron Age!

1200-750 BCE

Early Geometric Vase 850 BCE

Page 9: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Iron Age – Movement to the Archaic Period

Page 10: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Early Greece

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

A Basic Chronology !

1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200

2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480

4. Classical Period 480-323 !

Page 11: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

3. The Archaic Period!

750-480 BCE

750 BCE

700 BCE 600 BCE 560 BCE

530 BCE

Page 12: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period 750-480 BCE

Clst 181SK Ancient Greece and the Origins of Western Culture

Background to the “Classical Moment” !

!

Page 13: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Mantiklos Apollo, 700-650 BC

Page 14: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Mantiklos Apollo, 700-650 BC

Page 15: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Geometric bronze horse, c. 700 BC

Page 16: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

New York Kouros c. 600 BC

Page 17: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Kouros c. 600 BC

Mentuemhet, Egypt, 7th c.

Page 18: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Kleobis & Biton, c. 590 BC

Page 19: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Calf Bearer Kouros, 560 BC

• “Archaic smile”

Page 20: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Kroisos (Anavysos ) Kouros c. 530 BC

• Note original paint

Page 21: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period – Movement to the Classical

Cf. Kritios Boy, 480 BC

Page 22: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Maiden from Auxerre, c. 650 BC

Page 23: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Phrasikleia Kore, c. 550 BC

Page 24: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Peplos Kore c. 530 BC

Page 25: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Archaic Period

Maiden of Chios, c. 510 BC

Page 26: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Cf. Caryatids from the Porch of Maidens, Erechtheion, Acropolis; Stele of Ampharete

The Archaic Period – Movement to the Classical

Page 27: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

A Basic Chronology !

1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 BCE 1b. Bronze Age - Mycenaeans 1450-1200

2. Iron Age (Dark Ages) 1200-750 3. Archaic Period 750-480

4. Classical Period 480-323 !

Page 28: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

3. Archaic Period 750-480

Page 29: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

480 BCE

Page 30: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

480 BCE The Persian War

Page 31: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

480 The Persian War

Page 32: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

480 The Persian (Achaemenid) Empire

Page 33: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

“The History of the Persian Wars”“The History of the Persian Wars”

“The Father of History”

Page 34: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

What is “History”?

Page 35: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

What does it mean to write “History” before “History” has been invented?

Page 36: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

But what does it mean to “invent” history?

Page 37: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

History as a formal narrative about the past (the study of such narratives is call historiography)

Page 38: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

History as a formal narrative about the past

• NOT “A COLLECTION OF FACTS ABOUT THE PAST” • NOT “WHAT HAPPENED IN THE PAST”

… AT LEAST NOT SIMPLY THAT

Page 39: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

Herodotus

History as a formal narrative about the past

• Story (narrative) • Memorialization • Analysis • Selection • Meaning

Herodotus, proem: “presentation to the public,” “researches” = historiê, “time not erase”, “great and marvelous deeds,” “glory” = kleos,

“why”, “war/quarrel”

Page 40: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy

Herodotus

Page 41: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy

Herodotus

Io

Europa

Medea

Helen

Page 42: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy

Herodotus

IoEuropaMedeaHelen

“The Persians Say”“The Greeks Say”“The Phoenicians Say”

Page 43: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy

Herodotus

“The Persians Say”“The Greeks Say”

“The Phoenicians Say”

WEST / EAST

Themes:

Page 44: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Snatchings of Women

IONIA

Erythraean Sea

1.1 Media (land of the Medes), Persia (land of the Persians), Phoenicia, Erythraean Sea, Egypt, Argos, Crete, Tyre, Colchis, Troy

Herodotus

“The Persians Say”“The Greeks Say”

“The Phoenicians Say”

WEST / EASTThemes:

Cause of the quarrelWomen as objects

Refusal of ransom

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The Story of Gyges Herodotus

IONIA

1.2 Lydia, the river Halys, Delphi, Corinth, Miletus (Milesia is the area around Miletus), Colophon, Priene

LYDIA

• Miletus

Corinth •

Page 46: A Basic Chronology 1a. Bronze Age - Minoans 1900-1450 …people.duke.edu/~wj25/slides/12 Archaic-Herodotus1.pdf ·  · 2014-09-24Classical Period 480-323 ! 1a. Bronze Age Greece

The Story of Gyges

Herodotus

Halys river •

1.3s Lydia, Sardis, Ephesus, Miletus. The Maeander River flows just north of Miletus, and the town of Assessus is also in the area near Miletus (Milesia).

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The Story of Gyges

Herodotus

Themes