A BRIEF HISTORY OF CONGREGATIONALISM

Steven B Schafer April 1977

1

Although many religious groups and organizations existing

today may be rightly called congregational the churches

that claim that middottitle also lay claim to a unique unity and

tradition in history which can be said to belong to no other bull

middot Congregationalism is more than amiddot middotform of church government - It

is marked by a high degree of unity in doctrinal developmentmiddot

of learning desire both in the ordained ministry and in the

laity and in a visible oneness of fellowship 1

Today in the United States however we have a situation

in which two groups lay claim to the historic traditions that

all Congregationalists profess to cherish On the orie hand is

the United Church of Christ1 which we can perhaps label as

Conciliar Congregationalismbull in that they hold to the middot

belief that unity is achieved by councils which enabie local

groups to be effective in an increasingly competitive world

while maintaining their individuality and autonomy On the

other hand is the National Association of Congregational

Christian Churches1 which may be labeled Independent

Congregationalists in that they refuse to be drawn into an

ecclesiastical structure system 2 They maintain that

anything but total local autonomy of churches is a violation of

the historic Congregational Way

Congregationalism itself began as a branch of the Church

of England called Independents or non-Separatist Conshy

gregationalismiddottsbull but s9me of them could not tolerate the

strictness and lack of true independence imposed by the

Church so a small group of them set off for America with

2

the Pilgrims to acquire a much longed for freedom of worship

These Pilgrim Congregationalists had no int~ntion of separating

themselves from the Church of England They meant only to

free themselves from the corruptions of the church which had

caused them to desire to leave their homes and families for

a freer practice of their faith Their goal from the very

beginning was to set middotup a holy commonwealth on earth solidly

based on the plain law of the Bible 3

In 1629 the church in the New World received its first

charter from England but by 1633 the ten established churches in

America were in effect independent by virtue of the vast middot

distance in time and space from the parent body Their

fellowship wa~ with one another united only in mutual

councils- -thus began the middot independent Congregationalmiddot church

middot ih America

Bertrand Lord Manning says that there are four distinctives

of Congregationalism existing from the very beginning Briefly

stated they are first Congregationalism is a fellowship of

gathered churches where the Word of God is preached middot

secondly these churches unite for matters of common concern

such as ministry and evangelism--none of the churches are

required to participate thirdly each church has its own

doctrinal statement in its own words and although there has

always been a - fringe of obscurantism and a bit of heresy (as

do all schools of living thought )1

the large body of

Congregationalists subscribe to the holy apostolic

evangelical catholic faith delivered once for all to the

saints spoken in each generation in varying tones as men

J

are moved by the Holy Ghost And finally the Congregational

churches are distinguished in that they main~ain the right and

duty of the _local church to _give discipline to its members

and in middotother matters to rule its own house 04

middot Congregationalists have historically felt that their primary

contribution to the church as a whole is that they more

than perhaps any other have shown forth the doctrine of

grace They have taught that the church is the vehicle of

grace arid tM only through it does the grace of the

gospel middot

come to men5 In -concrete terms this works out in the trust and

faith given to the church members themselves to make decisions

in a wholly democratic system The regenerate man it has

be~n believed is capable by the grace of God to make decisions

in matters of faith and doctrine This same confidence

in mans ability t6 govern himself and in the graciousness of God

as he does so was aestined to be transformed into political

action a century after Congregationalism came to America

in the form of the American Revolution

While hard times lay ahead for the Congregationalists t hey

were spared extreme testing in the early period of their

development by the pioneer spirit of the people coming to

America These newcomers for the most part desired their

own colonies so they migrated into Connerticut and -other

westward regions leaving Congregationalism in the New England

area to flourish wi thout interference 6 middot

In 1631 Congregatlonalism was established by law in

Massachusetts and became a virtual state church - This fact

middotwas loudly protested by the Baptists and Quakers who were being

1

Although many religious groups and organizations existing

today may be rightly called congregational the churches

that claim that middottitle also lay claim to a unique unity and

tradition in history which can be said to belong to no other bull

middot Congregationalism is more than amiddot middotform of church government - It

is marked by a high degree of unity in doctrinal developmentmiddot

of learning desire both in the ordained ministry and in the

laity and in a visible oneness of fellowship 1

Today in the United States however we have a situation

in which two groups lay claim to the historic traditions that

all Congregationalists profess to cherish On the orie hand is

the United Church of Christ1 which we can perhaps label as

Conciliar Congregationalismbull in that they hold to the middot

belief that unity is achieved by councils which enabie local

groups to be effective in an increasingly competitive world

while maintaining their individuality and autonomy On the

other hand is the National Association of Congregational

Christian Churches1 which may be labeled Independent

Congregationalists in that they refuse to be drawn into an

ecclesiastical structure system 2 They maintain that

anything but total local autonomy of churches is a violation of

the historic Congregational Way

Congregationalism itself began as a branch of the Church

of England called Independents or non-Separatist Conshy

gregationalismiddottsbull but s9me of them could not tolerate the

strictness and lack of true independence imposed by the

Church so a small group of them set off for America with

2

the Pilgrims to acquire a much longed for freedom of worship

These Pilgrim Congregationalists had no int~ntion of separating

themselves from the Church of England They meant only to

free themselves from the corruptions of the church which had

caused them to desire to leave their homes and families for

a freer practice of their faith Their goal from the very

beginning was to set middotup a holy commonwealth on earth solidly

based on the plain law of the Bible 3

In 1629 the church in the New World received its first

charter from England but by 1633 the ten established churches in

America were in effect independent by virtue of the vast middot

distance in time and space from the parent body Their

fellowship wa~ with one another united only in mutual

councils- -thus began the middot independent Congregationalmiddot church

middot ih America

Bertrand Lord Manning says that there are four distinctives

of Congregationalism existing from the very beginning Briefly

stated they are first Congregationalism is a fellowship of

gathered churches where the Word of God is preached middot

secondly these churches unite for matters of common concern

such as ministry and evangelism--none of the churches are

required to participate thirdly each church has its own

doctrinal statement in its own words and although there has

always been a - fringe of obscurantism and a bit of heresy (as

do all schools of living thought )1

the large body of

Congregationalists subscribe to the holy apostolic

evangelical catholic faith delivered once for all to the

saints spoken in each generation in varying tones as men

J

are moved by the Holy Ghost And finally the Congregational

churches are distinguished in that they main~ain the right and

duty of the _local church to _give discipline to its members

and in middotother matters to rule its own house 04

middot Congregationalists have historically felt that their primary

contribution to the church as a whole is that they more

than perhaps any other have shown forth the doctrine of

grace They have taught that the church is the vehicle of

grace arid tM only through it does the grace of the

gospel middot

come to men5 In -concrete terms this works out in the trust and

faith given to the church members themselves to make decisions

in a wholly democratic system The regenerate man it has

be~n believed is capable by the grace of God to make decisions

in matters of faith and doctrine This same confidence

in mans ability t6 govern himself and in the graciousness of God

as he does so was aestined to be transformed into political

action a century after Congregationalism came to America

in the form of the American Revolution

While hard times lay ahead for the Congregationalists t hey

were spared extreme testing in the early period of their

development by the pioneer spirit of the people coming to

America These newcomers for the most part desired their

own colonies so they migrated into Connerticut and -other

westward regions leaving Congregationalism in the New England

area to flourish wi thout interference 6 middot

In 1631 Congregatlonalism was established by law in

Massachusetts and became a virtual state church - This fact

middotwas loudly protested by the Baptists and Quakers who were being

2

the Pilgrims to acquire a much longed for freedom of worship

These Pilgrim Congregationalists had no int~ntion of separating

themselves from the Church of England They meant only to

free themselves from the corruptions of the church which had

caused them to desire to leave their homes and families for

a freer practice of their faith Their goal from the very

beginning was to set middotup a holy commonwealth on earth solidly

based on the plain law of the Bible 3

In 1629 the church in the New World received its first

charter from England but by 1633 the ten established churches in

America were in effect independent by virtue of the vast middot

distance in time and space from the parent body Their

fellowship wa~ with one another united only in mutual

councils- -thus began the middot independent Congregationalmiddot church

middot ih America

Bertrand Lord Manning says that there are four distinctives

of Congregationalism existing from the very beginning Briefly

stated they are first Congregationalism is a fellowship of

gathered churches where the Word of God is preached middot

secondly these churches unite for matters of common concern

such as ministry and evangelism--none of the churches are

required to participate thirdly each church has its own

doctrinal statement in its own words and although there has

always been a - fringe of obscurantism and a bit of heresy (as

do all schools of living thought )1

the large body of

Congregationalists subscribe to the holy apostolic

evangelical catholic faith delivered once for all to the

saints spoken in each generation in varying tones as men

J

are moved by the Holy Ghost And finally the Congregational

churches are distinguished in that they main~ain the right and

duty of the _local church to _give discipline to its members

and in middotother matters to rule its own house 04

middot Congregationalists have historically felt that their primary

contribution to the church as a whole is that they more

than perhaps any other have shown forth the doctrine of

grace They have taught that the church is the vehicle of

grace arid tM only through it does the grace of the

gospel middot

come to men5 In -concrete terms this works out in the trust and

faith given to the church members themselves to make decisions

in a wholly democratic system The regenerate man it has

be~n believed is capable by the grace of God to make decisions

in matters of faith and doctrine This same confidence

in mans ability t6 govern himself and in the graciousness of God

as he does so was aestined to be transformed into political

action a century after Congregationalism came to America

in the form of the American Revolution

While hard times lay ahead for the Congregationalists t hey

were spared extreme testing in the early period of their

development by the pioneer spirit of the people coming to

America These newcomers for the most part desired their

own colonies so they migrated into Connerticut and -other

westward regions leaving Congregationalism in the New England

area to flourish wi thout interference 6 middot

In 1631 Congregatlonalism was established by law in

Massachusetts and became a virtual state church - This fact

middotwas loudly protested by the Baptists and Quakers who were being

J

are moved by the Holy Ghost And finally the Congregational

churches are distinguished in that they main~ain the right and

duty of the _local church to _give discipline to its members

and in middotother matters to rule its own house 04

middot Congregationalists have historically felt that their primary

contribution to the church as a whole is that they more

than perhaps any other have shown forth the doctrine of

grace They have taught that the church is the vehicle of

grace arid tM only through it does the grace of the

gospel middot

come to men5 In -concrete terms this works out in the trust and

faith given to the church members themselves to make decisions

in a wholly democratic system The regenerate man it has

be~n believed is capable by the grace of God to make decisions

in matters of faith and doctrine This same confidence

in mans ability t6 govern himself and in the graciousness of God

as he does so was aestined to be transformed into political

action a century after Congregationalism came to America

in the form of the American Revolution

While hard times lay ahead for the Congregationalists t hey

were spared extreme testing in the early period of their

development by the pioneer spirit of the people coming to

America These newcomers for the most part desired their

own colonies so they migrated into Connerticut and -other

westward regions leaving Congregationalism in the New England

area to flourish wi thout interference 6 middot

In 1631 Congregatlonalism was established by law in

Massachusetts and became a virtual state church - This fact

middotwas loudly protested by the Baptists and Quakers who were being

4 ill treated by their Congregational brothers In some

towns in the bay area Quakers and Baptists were being

publicly whipped or humiliated in other middotways by the

Congregationalists who seemingly forgot that their complaint

with the Church of England was that they did not allow religious

freedom The Church of Engl_and did step in however 1 and

asserted a certain amount of royal control to put an end to

the _persecution and allow a measure of toleration for

religious minorities7

With the second generation of Congregationalists -came

many who demanded the birthright of Congregationalism but

who could not measure up to the strict requirements imposed on

members With this generation came the Half-Way Covenant

admitting them to membership and dispelling Puvitan hopes middot

for their holy commonwealth and allowing liberal trends to

take their toll As a reaction to thismiddot the conservatives

established Yale University which would hopefully counteract the

liberal influence 8

For its first two centuries Congregationalism was confined

almost exclusively to New England but inmiddot 1810 Congregationalists

formed the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign

Missions and in1812 sent Americas first five missionaries

abroad By the end of the 19th century there were 4 868

Congregationar-churches spread from coast to coast in the

United States middotsupporting six national societies for missionary middot

outreach 9

5

With the rapid and powerful growth of the Congregationlists

in the United States it was inevitable that many nonshy

Congregational ideals would be inculcated into the church and

that consequently union with other denominations would be middota

great temptation In the 19th century alone Congregationalists

joind with no less than six other churches among them being

most notably the Presbyterians the Free Baptists the

Disciples of Christ and the Christian denomination middot middot

Going into the Revolutionary war the denomination was in

the midst of some _very serious divisions within the church

over differing views of the Great Awakening and the

Congregationamiddotl minister J ohnathon Edwards Some of the

members were totally repulsed at the whole concept of

remiddotvivalism and others em9raced it dearly bull middot Reaction was so

strong that the awakening had little effect in Congregational

churches after the middle of the century even though it

continued to thrive in other middotgroups formiddot several years longer bull1 O

The Congregationalists survived the Revolutionary War and

entered into independence stronger than ever They _had been middot

closely identified with the colonial causes and had picked up

many of th_e people who were in churches which were loyalist in

feeling immediately after the war If they went into the

revolution with the largest num~er of members and churches in the

country they came out of it witha11 the wealth prestige and

able leaders to match their size It was projected that

within the century COngregationalism would grow to seven

million (from 60-70 thousand) but this never came about

5

With the rapid and powerful growth of the Congregationlists

in the United States it was inevitable that many nonshy

Congregational ideals would be inculcated into the church and

that consequently union with other denominations would be middota

great temptation In the 19th century alone Congregationalists

joind with no less than six other churches among them being

most notably the Presbyterians the Free Baptists the

Disciples of Christ and the Christian denomination middot middot

Going into the Revolutionary war the denomination was in

the midst of some _very serious divisions within the church

over differing views of the Great Awakening and the

Congregationamiddotl minister J ohnathon Edwards Some of the

members were totally repulsed at the whole concept of

remiddotvivalism and others em9raced it dearly bull middot Reaction was so

strong that the awakening had little effect in Congregational

churches after the middle of the century even though it

continued to thrive in other middotgroups formiddot several years longer bull1 O

The Congregationalists survived the Revolutionary War and

entered into independence stronger than ever They _had been middot

closely identified with the colonial causes and had picked up

many of th_e people who were in churches which were loyalist in

feeling immediately after the war If they went into the

revolution with the largest num~er of members and churches in the

country they came out of it witha11 the wealth prestige and

able leaders to match their size It was projected that

within the century COngregationalism would grow to seven

million (from 60-70 thousand) but this never came about

6

Although outwardly the church seemed to be v ery str~ong

internal weaknesses developed as they spent their energies

middotw~ging a rearguard defense for preservation of the special 11middot privileges they possessed in New England

By the end of the colonial period most Presbyterians and

Congregationalists had come to think of themselves as a middot

single denomination They freely exchanged pulpits (with middot

the Presbyterians taking better advantage of this than did the

Congregationalists in that they tended to believe Congregationalists

unsound in doctrine) and the first threemiddot presidents of middotthe

Presbyterian Princeton University were New England

Congregationalists In Rhode Island and Conneticut the bond shy

was so strong that many Coi-igregationalists refeoed to themselves

middot _as Presbyterians12 middot

In 1801 the younger Jo)fnathan Edwards proposed and saw

passed a Plan of Union with the Presbyterians and later

a strengthening of the bond in the Accomodation _Plan which

provided a unity to the extent of a uniform system of

church governrnentn between the two bodies 13

For the next three decades the Presbyterians and

Congregationalists were one denomination for all intents and

purposes in thEyenstates of New York Ohio Indiana Illinois _

Mic~igan and __Wisconsin In Massachusetts Co~ticut and

New Hampshire however they were inhibited from any formal

union in that the Congregational church had as a result of

their extreme privileges in those states developed a

Ties between the two groups began -to be severed in 1837 but the effects of the Presbyterian influence hampered Congregational growth for half a century cf Dunning Congr egationalism in America

7

strong emphasis upon local autonomy which fostered

vigorous resistance to the ~urrender of local prerogative~14

It should be noted that the major weakness of Congregshy

ationalism in the early 189obulls was not as much ecclesiastical

ties with other denominations as it was one middotof doctrine

Within Congregationalism three distinct parties had

developed the consistent Calvinist$ who were heirs of the

tea~hings and revivalistic tendencies of J~nathan Edwards

the old Calvinists who weremoderate anti-revivalists and middot

the liberals who tended toward a unitarhn position The

in-family warfare which waged hot with passion resulted in

three centers for the trainjng of ministers--Andover in1808 i

Bangor in 1814 and Hartford in 18)4 15

The dissension_caused large numbers to leave the main body

of Congregationalism and form their own independent bull

Congregational and Baptist churches By 1815 the liberals

had split off and become independent Unitarians and the middot

ensuing doctrinal discussions resulted in the conversion of theshy

old Calvinists to a more r evivalist position middot The defection

of the Unitarians middot and the large numbers of people leaving in

middot the heat of battle made it clear that the opportunity that

Congregationalism had had for greatness after the War was

_gone forever

The remainder of the 19th century saw a great expansion

of Congrega tiomil Churches throughout the United States middot

without any great divi$middotions or trials to hamper growth~

~ssociations and State Conferences saw a great proliferation

7

strong emphasis upon local autonomy which fostered

vigorous resistance to the ~urrender of local prerogative~14

It should be noted that the major weakness of Congregshy

ationalism in the early 189obulls was not as much ecclesiastical

ties with other denominations as it was one middotof doctrine

Within Congregationalism three distinct parties had

developed the consistent Calvinist$ who were heirs of the

tea~hings and revivalistic tendencies of J~nathan Edwards

the old Calvinists who weremoderate anti-revivalists and middot

the liberals who tended toward a unitarhn position The

in-family warfare which waged hot with passion resulted in

three centers for the trainjng of ministers--Andover in1808 i

Bangor in 1814 and Hartford in 18)4 15

The dissension_caused large numbers to leave the main body

of Congregationalism and form their own independent bull

Congregational and Baptist churches By 1815 the liberals

had split off and become independent Unitarians and the middot

ensuing doctrinal discussions resulted in the conversion of theshy

old Calvinists to a more r evivalist position middot The defection

of the Unitarians middot and the large numbers of people leaving in

middot the heat of battle made it clear that the opportunity that

Congregationalism had had for greatness after the War was

_gone forever

The remainder of the 19th century saw a great expansion

of Congrega tiomil Churches throughout the United States middot

without any great divi$middotions or trials to hamper growth~

~ssociations and State Conferences saw a great proliferation

8

especially as the church began to become firmly rooted

in tne mid-western and western states

The conferences were formed primarily for the purpose

of home mission outreach in starting new churches and for

assi~ting those already established but as the new century came

into being it was becoming more and more evident that they middot

were developing increasing power among the churches middotThey were

no longer groups for support and fellowship but began to see

their function changing into one of specialized services0

to existing churches and had a tendency to seize the

initiative in trying to set up programs for the churches to 16

follow 0

middot Before the -middle of the 20th century when ecumenical

fever began to sweep the country the Congregational

middot christian Churches were already primed for co-operation or

even merger with other groups if that would help the cause

of Christian unity In 1938 Rev Samuel Press initiated a

drive for union wi-th the Evangelical and Reformed Church

but as the attempts at the union of churches of quite middot distinct

polities and traditions was frustrated by long negotiations it

became evident that the time was middotnot quite right for such a

proposal and was thus dropped for several years 17

The idea of merger with the Evangelical and Reformed

Church was ra-ised again in 1942 when the Commission on Inter-

church Relations and Christian Unity was authorized middotfor the

exploration of merger middot~wlth that body In 1943 the first and

second drafts of the middotBasis of Union were completed and sent

9

to associations and churches for their study This action

was the first major step in the most current of Congregationalisms

passionate warfares within its own ranks

In November of 1947 Congregationalists from all over the

country met in an ad hoc meeting in Evanston Illinois to

discuss their concern with the Basis of Union and its meaning

to Congregationalism They concluded that the Basis of Union

called for joining with a Presbyterian type church into

Presbyterian system to the abandonment of the Congregational

principles of church government This middotconclusion was

immediately denounced by the General Council of the

Congregational Christian Churches as soon as it was made

18public

When the Basis of Union was sent to the various churches

for approval or rejection 1t was indicated that the voting

deadline was to be April 1 19L~8 (extended later to January middot

of 1949) and that it would stand approved upon acceptance by

75 of the individuals churches associations and conferencesmiddot

_voting When in May of 1948 it became clear that the proposal

would not pass due to the fact that the official tally showed middotmiddot

at that time only 65 of churches and 63 of the people voting

approval of the merger the General Council adopted a set of

Interpretations which basically assured churches of the

retention of Congregational polity This wasmiddot repudiated by

the Executive Committee of the Evangelical and Reformed Church

who stated that the Interpretations are not binding on them -

nor the proposed United Church of Christ either at present or in

the future

10

By February of 1949 with many disputes concerning

exactly what percent~ge of people or churches had actually

approved the merger and the highest figure middotceven though

unconfirmed) being 73 themiddot General Council of

Congregati~nal Christian Churches voted to proceed with

union with the Evangelical and Reformed Church 19 This

action contrary to themiddot clearmiddot understanding of the churches

would cause more than ten years of bitterness within the

denomination and cause once more in Congregational history

great divisions within and among churches

The most visible and middot long lived protest of the proposed

merger was taken up by the Cadman Memorial Church of Brooklyn

Ne)l York which sued on their own behalf and on behalf of

other Congregational Christian Churches Helen Kenyon

Moderator of the General Council of the Congregational

Christian Churches of the United States The Cadman church

charged that the proposed United Chllrch of Christ is and

will be so alien and different in structure middot and polity

that fundamental congregational usage and practice will be 20

wholly lost and destroyed

Justice Meier Steinbrink of Kings County Supreme Court

of New York was the first to hear the case and sided with

the plaintiffs stating that indeed no Congregational church

had ever authorized the General Council to negotiate the

Basis of Union in the first place and that the very name

proposed for the new body (United Church of Christ) indicated

a willingness if not intent to discard the Congregational

tradition Justice Steinbrink issued an injunction against

21consummation of the merger

11

Two years later (in 1952) the New York Courts Appellatt

Division reversed the Cadman decision on the grounds that the

plaintiff church had no interest in the property of the

General Council or the boards and without a property 22

interest the court could not go into merger questions The

New York Court of Appeals highest court in the state

sustained the reversal the next year stating that the

proposed union will in no way change the historical and

traditional pattern of the individual Congregational

Christian Church~each member church will continue to

possess the same freedom of faith and manner of worship as middot -

heretofore enjoyed bullbullbullUnion depends on voluntary action fully

taken by indepenaent autonomous churches bullbull23

After these years of resistance and failures in court middot

battles it became evident that the ideals held by the

protestors would not be preserved The National Association

of Congregational Christian Churches was formed in Detroit

Michigan on November 10 1955 with the intention ~f retur~ing

to the Congregational Way They referrei to themselves as middot

Neo-Congregationalists claiming that they were nothing more

than mature Congregationalists not possessing any novelty

of content but arising out of a renewed faith in the power 24of the old principles

The National Association had as their founding goal a

bringing together of l_ocal churches for counsel inspiration

and fellowship assumt ng for themselves no ecclesiastical

authority and no birging creed 25 In their Articles of

12

Association adopted the following year the founders were

careful to spell out a system of local church rule over the

national administration for the minimization of the possibility

of a recurrance of the bitterness and schism of the past

ten middotyears The Preamble clearly states that they hold to the

idea that historic Congregationalism adhered to the freedom

of the Christian man and the right of the local church to

self-goverrunent middot in all matters and that Congregationalism

is in its essence an outer and corporate expression of the

inner and individual life in Christ 26

Finally on August 24 1961 the National Association

took the middotbold bullbullmiddot bull step of declaring itself to be the successor

to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian middot

Churches 1127 That year 3600 of the 5550 Congregational churches

in the US were members of the United Church of Christ more

than 1500 chose to remain wholly independent of any body and

JOO were affiliated with the National Association 28

The newly formed National Association had a severe blow

dealt to their morale in 1962 when they applied for admission

to the International Congregational Council but were not

granted Congregational status in that they were not a part of the

United Church of Christ a gromicrop making application at the

same time As Harry Butman one of the founders of the middot

National Association said there is a wry humor in

thinking on the topsy-turly logic of the ecclesiastical mind

that sees such great ~lstoric churches as Park Street Bostonbullbullbull

as not Congregational while the infant churches which came

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

9

to associations and churches for their study This action

was the first major step in the most current of Congregationalisms

passionate warfares within its own ranks

In November of 1947 Congregationalists from all over the

country met in an ad hoc meeting in Evanston Illinois to

discuss their concern with the Basis of Union and its meaning

to Congregationalism They concluded that the Basis of Union

called for joining with a Presbyterian type church into

Presbyterian system to the abandonment of the Congregational

principles of church government This middotconclusion was

immediately denounced by the General Council of the

Congregational Christian Churches as soon as it was made

18public

When the Basis of Union was sent to the various churches

for approval or rejection 1t was indicated that the voting

deadline was to be April 1 19L~8 (extended later to January middot

of 1949) and that it would stand approved upon acceptance by

75 of the individuals churches associations and conferencesmiddot

_voting When in May of 1948 it became clear that the proposal

would not pass due to the fact that the official tally showed middotmiddot

at that time only 65 of churches and 63 of the people voting

approval of the merger the General Council adopted a set of

Interpretations which basically assured churches of the

retention of Congregational polity This wasmiddot repudiated by

the Executive Committee of the Evangelical and Reformed Church

who stated that the Interpretations are not binding on them -

nor the proposed United Church of Christ either at present or in

the future

10

By February of 1949 with many disputes concerning

exactly what percent~ge of people or churches had actually

approved the merger and the highest figure middotceven though

unconfirmed) being 73 themiddot General Council of

Congregati~nal Christian Churches voted to proceed with

union with the Evangelical and Reformed Church 19 This

action contrary to themiddot clearmiddot understanding of the churches

would cause more than ten years of bitterness within the

denomination and cause once more in Congregational history

great divisions within and among churches

The most visible and middot long lived protest of the proposed

merger was taken up by the Cadman Memorial Church of Brooklyn

Ne)l York which sued on their own behalf and on behalf of

other Congregational Christian Churches Helen Kenyon

Moderator of the General Council of the Congregational

Christian Churches of the United States The Cadman church

charged that the proposed United Chllrch of Christ is and

will be so alien and different in structure middot and polity

that fundamental congregational usage and practice will be 20

wholly lost and destroyed

Justice Meier Steinbrink of Kings County Supreme Court

of New York was the first to hear the case and sided with

the plaintiffs stating that indeed no Congregational church

had ever authorized the General Council to negotiate the

Basis of Union in the first place and that the very name

proposed for the new body (United Church of Christ) indicated

a willingness if not intent to discard the Congregational

tradition Justice Steinbrink issued an injunction against

21consummation of the merger

11

Two years later (in 1952) the New York Courts Appellatt

Division reversed the Cadman decision on the grounds that the

plaintiff church had no interest in the property of the

General Council or the boards and without a property 22

interest the court could not go into merger questions The

New York Court of Appeals highest court in the state

sustained the reversal the next year stating that the

proposed union will in no way change the historical and

traditional pattern of the individual Congregational

Christian Church~each member church will continue to

possess the same freedom of faith and manner of worship as middot -

heretofore enjoyed bullbullbullUnion depends on voluntary action fully

taken by indepenaent autonomous churches bullbull23

After these years of resistance and failures in court middot

battles it became evident that the ideals held by the

protestors would not be preserved The National Association

of Congregational Christian Churches was formed in Detroit

Michigan on November 10 1955 with the intention ~f retur~ing

to the Congregational Way They referrei to themselves as middot

Neo-Congregationalists claiming that they were nothing more

than mature Congregationalists not possessing any novelty

of content but arising out of a renewed faith in the power 24of the old principles

The National Association had as their founding goal a

bringing together of l_ocal churches for counsel inspiration

and fellowship assumt ng for themselves no ecclesiastical

authority and no birging creed 25 In their Articles of

12

Association adopted the following year the founders were

careful to spell out a system of local church rule over the

national administration for the minimization of the possibility

of a recurrance of the bitterness and schism of the past

ten middotyears The Preamble clearly states that they hold to the

idea that historic Congregationalism adhered to the freedom

of the Christian man and the right of the local church to

self-goverrunent middot in all matters and that Congregationalism

is in its essence an outer and corporate expression of the

inner and individual life in Christ 26

Finally on August 24 1961 the National Association

took the middotbold bullbullmiddot bull step of declaring itself to be the successor

to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian middot

Churches 1127 That year 3600 of the 5550 Congregational churches

in the US were members of the United Church of Christ more

than 1500 chose to remain wholly independent of any body and

JOO were affiliated with the National Association 28

The newly formed National Association had a severe blow

dealt to their morale in 1962 when they applied for admission

to the International Congregational Council but were not

granted Congregational status in that they were not a part of the

United Church of Christ a gromicrop making application at the

same time As Harry Butman one of the founders of the middot

National Association said there is a wry humor in

thinking on the topsy-turly logic of the ecclesiastical mind

that sees such great ~lstoric churches as Park Street Bostonbullbullbull

as not Congregational while the infant churches which came

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

10

By February of 1949 with many disputes concerning

exactly what percent~ge of people or churches had actually

approved the merger and the highest figure middotceven though

unconfirmed) being 73 themiddot General Council of

Congregati~nal Christian Churches voted to proceed with

union with the Evangelical and Reformed Church 19 This

action contrary to themiddot clearmiddot understanding of the churches

would cause more than ten years of bitterness within the

denomination and cause once more in Congregational history

great divisions within and among churches

The most visible and middot long lived protest of the proposed

merger was taken up by the Cadman Memorial Church of Brooklyn

Ne)l York which sued on their own behalf and on behalf of

other Congregational Christian Churches Helen Kenyon

Moderator of the General Council of the Congregational

Christian Churches of the United States The Cadman church

charged that the proposed United Chllrch of Christ is and

will be so alien and different in structure middot and polity

that fundamental congregational usage and practice will be 20

wholly lost and destroyed

Justice Meier Steinbrink of Kings County Supreme Court

of New York was the first to hear the case and sided with

the plaintiffs stating that indeed no Congregational church

had ever authorized the General Council to negotiate the

Basis of Union in the first place and that the very name

proposed for the new body (United Church of Christ) indicated

a willingness if not intent to discard the Congregational

tradition Justice Steinbrink issued an injunction against

21consummation of the merger

11

Two years later (in 1952) the New York Courts Appellatt

Division reversed the Cadman decision on the grounds that the

plaintiff church had no interest in the property of the

General Council or the boards and without a property 22

interest the court could not go into merger questions The

New York Court of Appeals highest court in the state

sustained the reversal the next year stating that the

proposed union will in no way change the historical and

traditional pattern of the individual Congregational

Christian Church~each member church will continue to

possess the same freedom of faith and manner of worship as middot -

heretofore enjoyed bullbullbullUnion depends on voluntary action fully

taken by indepenaent autonomous churches bullbull23

After these years of resistance and failures in court middot

battles it became evident that the ideals held by the

protestors would not be preserved The National Association

of Congregational Christian Churches was formed in Detroit

Michigan on November 10 1955 with the intention ~f retur~ing

to the Congregational Way They referrei to themselves as middot

Neo-Congregationalists claiming that they were nothing more

than mature Congregationalists not possessing any novelty

of content but arising out of a renewed faith in the power 24of the old principles

The National Association had as their founding goal a

bringing together of l_ocal churches for counsel inspiration

and fellowship assumt ng for themselves no ecclesiastical

authority and no birging creed 25 In their Articles of

12

Association adopted the following year the founders were

careful to spell out a system of local church rule over the

national administration for the minimization of the possibility

of a recurrance of the bitterness and schism of the past

ten middotyears The Preamble clearly states that they hold to the

idea that historic Congregationalism adhered to the freedom

of the Christian man and the right of the local church to

self-goverrunent middot in all matters and that Congregationalism

is in its essence an outer and corporate expression of the

inner and individual life in Christ 26

Finally on August 24 1961 the National Association

took the middotbold bullbullmiddot bull step of declaring itself to be the successor

to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian middot

Churches 1127 That year 3600 of the 5550 Congregational churches

in the US were members of the United Church of Christ more

than 1500 chose to remain wholly independent of any body and

JOO were affiliated with the National Association 28

The newly formed National Association had a severe blow

dealt to their morale in 1962 when they applied for admission

to the International Congregational Council but were not

granted Congregational status in that they were not a part of the

United Church of Christ a gromicrop making application at the

same time As Harry Butman one of the founders of the middot

National Association said there is a wry humor in

thinking on the topsy-turly logic of the ecclesiastical mind

that sees such great ~lstoric churches as Park Street Bostonbullbullbull

as not Congregational while the infant churches which came

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

11

Two years later (in 1952) the New York Courts Appellatt

Division reversed the Cadman decision on the grounds that the

plaintiff church had no interest in the property of the

General Council or the boards and without a property 22

interest the court could not go into merger questions The

New York Court of Appeals highest court in the state

sustained the reversal the next year stating that the

proposed union will in no way change the historical and

traditional pattern of the individual Congregational

Christian Church~each member church will continue to

possess the same freedom of faith and manner of worship as middot -

heretofore enjoyed bullbullbullUnion depends on voluntary action fully

taken by indepenaent autonomous churches bullbull23

After these years of resistance and failures in court middot

battles it became evident that the ideals held by the

protestors would not be preserved The National Association

of Congregational Christian Churches was formed in Detroit

Michigan on November 10 1955 with the intention ~f retur~ing

to the Congregational Way They referrei to themselves as middot

Neo-Congregationalists claiming that they were nothing more

than mature Congregationalists not possessing any novelty

of content but arising out of a renewed faith in the power 24of the old principles

The National Association had as their founding goal a

bringing together of l_ocal churches for counsel inspiration

and fellowship assumt ng for themselves no ecclesiastical

authority and no birging creed 25 In their Articles of

12

Association adopted the following year the founders were

careful to spell out a system of local church rule over the

national administration for the minimization of the possibility

of a recurrance of the bitterness and schism of the past

ten middotyears The Preamble clearly states that they hold to the

idea that historic Congregationalism adhered to the freedom

of the Christian man and the right of the local church to

self-goverrunent middot in all matters and that Congregationalism

is in its essence an outer and corporate expression of the

inner and individual life in Christ 26

Finally on August 24 1961 the National Association

took the middotbold bullbullmiddot bull step of declaring itself to be the successor

to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian middot

Churches 1127 That year 3600 of the 5550 Congregational churches

in the US were members of the United Church of Christ more

than 1500 chose to remain wholly independent of any body and

JOO were affiliated with the National Association 28

The newly formed National Association had a severe blow

dealt to their morale in 1962 when they applied for admission

to the International Congregational Council but were not

granted Congregational status in that they were not a part of the

United Church of Christ a gromicrop making application at the

same time As Harry Butman one of the founders of the middot

National Association said there is a wry humor in

thinking on the topsy-turly logic of the ecclesiastical mind

that sees such great ~lstoric churches as Park Street Bostonbullbullbull

as not Congregational while the infant churches which came

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

12

Association adopted the following year the founders were

careful to spell out a system of local church rule over the

national administration for the minimization of the possibility

of a recurrance of the bitterness and schism of the past

ten middotyears The Preamble clearly states that they hold to the

idea that historic Congregationalism adhered to the freedom

of the Christian man and the right of the local church to

self-goverrunent middot in all matters and that Congregationalism

is in its essence an outer and corporate expression of the

inner and individual life in Christ 26

Finally on August 24 1961 the National Association

took the middotbold bullbullmiddot bull step of declaring itself to be the successor

to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian middot

Churches 1127 That year 3600 of the 5550 Congregational churches

in the US were members of the United Church of Christ more

than 1500 chose to remain wholly independent of any body and

JOO were affiliated with the National Association 28

The newly formed National Association had a severe blow

dealt to their morale in 1962 when they applied for admission

to the International Congregational Council but were not

granted Congregational status in that they were not a part of the

United Church of Christ a gromicrop making application at the

same time As Harry Butman one of the founders of the middot

National Association said there is a wry humor in

thinking on the topsy-turly logic of the ecclesiastical mind

that sees such great ~lstoric churches as Park Street Bostonbullbullbull

as not Congregational while the infant churches which came

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

13

of their missionary zeal and labor say the Samoan and the

middot Bantu (two ghurches admitted at themiddot same middottime the National

Association was rejected) ~ Corigregationai churches bullmiddot1128

Today the National Association of Congregational

Chridegstian Churches boasts 357 churches in full membership with

them and 39 more which are associated or affiliated unofficially

The association continues to grow and is consistantly drawing

in more congregations fnto the Congregational middot Way

Throughout Congregational history we see the recurring

trend for this individualistic system to search for and find

an authority system with which it can unite In previous

generations tne union has occured arid obliterated the founding

principles of Congregationalism In this generation for the

flrst time the union has been staunchly opposed and has middotmiddotshy

resulted in a renewal of the old ways The question for history

to answer is whether the old ways wili in the enq be yictorious

or whether the demands of our society require drastic

restructuring for survival

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

FOOTNOTES

1Walker Williston A Histor middot of the Con e ational Churches in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894) p 428

2conn Howard The Dilemma of Congregationalism (National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962) t p20

3walker Williston A Hdegistory of the Christian Church 3rd ed (New York Charles Scribners Sons 1970) Pmiddot 443

4Manning Bernard Lord Essays in Orthadox Dissent (London Independent Press LTD 1953) p 156ff

5rbid P 108 bull 6nunning Albert E Con~regationalists in America

(J A Hill and Company 1894 pp130-132

op Cit Walker A History of the Christian middotcmiddothurch p 433

8Ibid p 4J4

9op Cit WalkerA History of the Congregational Churches in the United States p 428

10op Cit Walker A History of the Christian Churchp466

11Hudson Winthrop S Religion in America (Charles Scribners Sons 1973) p118

12r bid bull p 11 9 bull

13Ibid p 119

14rbid p120

15rbid p 121

16National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comorehensive Anal s is of What We Are Now Con re ational Principles and Polity National Association of CongregationalChristian Churches 1961) p 8 middot middot

17Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 (Harper and Row 1975) p 1422

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

FOOTNOTES (continued)

18Burton Malcolm K How Church middotUnion Came (The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational _Ghristian Churches of the United States Inc 1966) p middot4

19Ibid p7 20ttoskins Fred Con e ationalism Betra ed or Fulfilled

(transcript of th~ Southworth Lecture middot 1962 p 9 shy21Ibid p 11 22op Cit Burton pp 7-8

23op Cit Hoskins p 11

24 (Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968) p 79

25Ibid p 114

26National Ass~ciation of Congregational Christian Churches NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 (National Associaticm of Co~egational Christian Churches 1975) p 165

27Op cmiddotmiddot1 t bull Bu t man p bull 11 Jc bull

28Ibid p 14)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins Gaius An Adventure in Liberty The Pilgrim Press 1961

Atkins Gaius and Fagley Frederick middotHistory of American middot Congregationalism The Pilgrim Press 1942

Bradshaw Marion John Free Churches and Christian Unity The Beacon Press 1954 middot middot middot middot

Burton Malcolm K Destiny for Congregatialism Modern Publfshers Inc 1953

Burton Malcolm K How Church Union Came The Committee for the Continuation of Congregational Christian Churches of the United States Inc 1966 middot

Burton Malcolm K To Revamp Protestant WorshiQ The Committee for the Continuation of the Congregationsl Christian Churches of the United States 1965w

Butman Harry R The Lords Free People The Swannett Press 1968

Conn Howard The Dilemma of ConJregationalism National Association of Congregational Christian Churches 1962

Congregational Press Handbook of the National Association of middot Congregational Christian Churches- 1263 The Congregational

Press 1963

Dunning Albert E Congregationalists in Americmiddota J A Hill and Company 1894

General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches Digest of Minutes of Meetings of the CongregationalChristian Churchesmiddot of the United States-1911-1965 The General Council middotof the Congregatinal Christian Churches 1971

Hoskins Fred Congregationalism Betrayed or Fulfilled transmiddotcript of the Southworth Lecture 1962

Hudson Winthrop S~ Religion in America Charles Scribners Sons 1973

Latourette Kenneth A History of Christianity vol 2 Harper and Row 1975

Manning Bernard Lord _Essa ys in Orthadox Dissent London Independ8nt Pressmiddot LTD 1953

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued)

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches A Comprehensive Analysis of What We Are Now Congregational Principles and Polity ~ 1National~ssociaticm~middot-of Congregationan Christian Churches 1961 middot middot

National Association of Congregational Christian Churches middot NACCC Yearbook-1975-1976 National Association of middot

Congregational Christian Churches 1975 middot

Sinclair Francis What It Means to be a Congregationalist League to Uphold Congregational Principles undated

Steece Arvel M Polity Evolution and the Future of Congregationa1ism The Congregationalist (March 1975)16-17

Walker Williston A History of the CongregatiOnal Churches middot in the United States The Christian Literature Co 1894

Walker Williston A History of the Christian Church Jrd edmiddot New York Charles Scribners Sons 1979

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS IN CONGREGATIONAL HISTORY

1582 Brownes $tatement ofCongregational Principles publisheltl r583_John Coppin and Elias Thacker hanged at Bu~y St Edmunds England r586 John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe im111isoned in London 1588 Martin ]far-prelate Tracts 1589 A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church

published in _London r 592 First known modern Congregational church completely and formally

organized in London 1593 John Greenwood Henry Barrowe and John Penry hanged the last of

the Congregational martyrs put to death Fifty-six members of the first Congregational church London imprisoned

1595 First Congregational church regathered fo Amsterdam Holland 15g6 A True Confession 0pound the Faith bullbull of the London-Amste1dam

Church published 15C)S The same True Confession middottranslated into Latin and published 16oz Congregational church organized at Gainsborough England r6o3 Death of Elizabeth and accession or JamesI Petition 0pound Amsterdam

Church to King James I stating the Points of Difference between Congregationalism and the Church of England

16o6 Scrooby Church organized John Robinson Pastor Gainsborough Church remomiddotes to Amsterdam

16o7-o8 Scrooby Church remobulles to Amsterdam 16olt John Robinson with the Pilgrims ofScrciobf Church settles in Leyden middot 1611 King James Version of the Bible published middot r616 Congregational church organized at Southwark London middot _ 1617 Pilgrims of Leyden petition King James for permission to settle in

America 1618-19 The Synod of Dort at Dordrecht Holland

middot 16zo Pilgrims left Leyden July 21 sailed from Pl~middotmouth September 16 sigped civil compact in the 1fayfiowerNovember 21 landed at Plymouth lIass December 1 r (0 S) December 21 (N S)

1621 Gomiddoternor Carver died Villiam Bradfo-d chosen governor of Pilgrim Colony

162+ First Purit3n settlement in New Erigfand at Cape Ann 1625 John Robinson died in Leyden Death or James I middotand accession of

Challes r middot 1628 The Company or ~bssachusetts Uay formed in England Captain

middot Endecott arri1middoted at Sltllen1 William Laud mule Bishop of London

535

Chronological Table through 1899 from Albert Dunning s Congregationalism in America~

I

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

CHROsOLCJGICAL TAUIE

1629 Six vessels with emirants from England arrfred at Salem Second Congregational church in America formed at Salem Mass middot Charter granted to Massachusetts

1630 First Church Dorchester llass organized at Plymouth EoglamJ landed at Nantasket lfay 30 John Vinthrop with a Aeet of CS middot

sels arrived in Massachusetts liar The Iassachusctts charter brought to Ncw England First Church organized at Charlcstowrt md First Church bull Vatertown July 30 middot First General Court Au- gust 23 John Winthrop elected gomiddoternor Settlement of llostou

163 Church at Charlestown remOf(f to Boston Prt~ent First Church middot Charlestown organized Nmbullember 23 First Church Lynn ind

First Church Roxbury organized 1633 John Cotton Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone arrived at Boston middotmiddot

Laud made Archbishop of Canterbury First parish in New Hampshire at Domiddoter First Church formed in connection with the parish 1638

1635 Colonies from Dorchester and Vatertomiddotn remocd lo Connecticut~ 1636 First Church in Dorchester ~lass organiztcl in Plymouth England

1630 fully estihlishecl at indsor Conn First Church Camshyhiillgc organi1olti Thomas Hooker with his compan) in organshyized church emigratetl from Cambridge ~lass lo Hanford Conn Roger Williams banished from [assachusetts Colony Sir Henry Vane chosen gomiddoternor The Hutchinson contnJmiddotcrsy Harard College founded Winthrop again elected gomiddoternor bull

r6j7 First General Synod or Xtw England commiddotencd at Camhriclge by the General Court It conclemned Antinomianism John Davenport middot and company arrimiddotcd at Boston from England Pequot ar

1638 Mrs Hutchinson excommunicated from the Boston Chirch and bmmiddot ished from themiddotcolo11y New Haven Colony founded hy Daenport

and his company 1641 Ilody 0pound Liberties adopted by the General Court of ltassachusetts

New Hampshire towns incorporated into ifass-lchusctts Colony 1643 Vetminster Assemhly convened in En~land hr Parliament Minisshy

terial Cflllention at Cimhridge ~lass Confederation of the four colonies iIitssachusetts Plymouth Connecticut and New Hinbullen

16~ Archbishop Laud cxccuted 1645 Tiattle of Nasehy insuring the 1lownfoll of the English Monarchy

Hookers Surver of the Sum of Church Discipline approved by the ministers of the New England colonies

1646--48 John Elot hean preaching to the Indians General American Synod at Cmnhriltlge setting forth platform of Church Polfty

1647 System of common schools adopted by Gemral Court of ifassachusetts 164S estminster Confession of Faith appromiddotecl by Parliament 1649 Enll ncl proclaims itsdf a Commonwealth 1650 Second Church Bo~ton organized middot 165r Gcnera Court or iTassachusctts approed Ctmbridge Platfomiddotrm

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

CHRONOLOGICAL TACLE 537

1654 Olimiddotcr Cromwell Loni Protector of Engla~d 1657 Ministerial Convention at- Boston Halfway Covenant recommended

_ Quakers imprisoned in Roston middot 1658 General Synod at Swoy Palace London setting forth amended

Vestminster Confession andmiddot Congregational Platform of Church Order Olimiddotcr Cromwell died

rmiddot66o Restoration of monarchy in England Charles II made king 1662 Massichusetts Synod at Beston appro-ed HaHway Covenant Conshy

necticut and New middotHaven Colonies united 1664- Church at Darrington organized the oldest existing Congregational

church in Rhode Island 166c) Olil South Church Boston organized 1670 Second Church Hartford Conn organized 1673 Church in Agamcnticus now York lle organized (possibly much

earlier) themiddot oldest existing Congregational church in that State then a part of Massachusetts

1674-76 King Philips War 1679-80 fassachusetts Synod at Tloston known as the Reforming Synod 168 Cotton Mather ordained colleague pastQr of Second Church Boston 1684 Charter of Massachusetts Colonr bullacatcd 1685 James II king of Englaml Sir Edmund Andros seized Old South

lleeting-housc Uoston for Episcopal scnmiddotices 1689 i lliun and tary made king rnd quee n of EnglanltI Andros

imprisoned anti promiddotisional gumiddotcrnment form~d in lfassachtisctts Simdn Ilraclstrctt gomiddoternor Kings Chapel erected for Episcopal middot

middot worship middot Toleration Act passeltl by English Parliament affordmiddot middoting legal protection to Nltnconforn1ists

1690 As-ociation of ministers of Boston and bullicinity formed the first permanent District Association in ilassachusctts

169t Healtls o( Agreement adopted in London between Preshyterians and Congregationalists middotPlymouth Colony connectecl with llassashychusetts

1692 Villiam Phips firs t gomiddotcrnor of Massachusets under new charter Twenty persons put to death at Salem for witchcraft Episco- palians na1itists and Quakers exempted from taxes for the support middot of Congregational churches in lfassachusetts

1699 Brallle Street Church Boston organized 1701 Yale College founded Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

organi7cd in England 1702 Anne queen of E ngland 1705 Proposals issued b y representatibulles of tassachusetts ministerial

associations 1708 Connecticut Synod at Saybrook issued the Saybrook Platform 170-J Gcncral ssoiation of Connecticut ministers organized the first middot middotmiddot middot Statt organi7atinn 1713 Peace or Utricht

CHRO~OLOGICAL TABLE538

1714 George I king of En~bnd

1716 Yale College located in New Haven 1pz Cutler rector o( Yale College and others became Episcopalians 1723 Increase ~father died 1725 Fini1 and unsuccessful effort of General Court of Massachusetts to

call a synod of churches 1727 Jonathan E~wards ordained colleague pastor at Northampton

George II king of England ljJ~ Cotton lather died 173 Revival of religion at Northampton 1738 George Whitefields first visit to America 171-o Whitefield visited Coston and other parts of New England 17j0-42 Great revival of religion in New England 17-tr Gilbert Tennent preached in Boston middot 17J2 John Davenport by his preaching made disturbances in Connecticut

and Massachusetts Separatist churches formed 1744-4 Whitefields second vi5it to New England 1750 Jonathan Edwards forced to leamiddote the Church at Northampton went

to Stockbridge a missionary to the Indians middot 17)7 Jonithan Edwards died middot 1762 First Church organized in Vennont at Bennington 1765 Stamp Act passed 1766 Stamp Act repealed 1769 Dartmouth College founded 1770 Samuel Hopkins sittled at Newport R I 1773 The Doston Tea Party 177) Commencement of War or the ReOlution 1778 Phillips Academy Andover founded Phillips Academy Exetershy

N H chartered 1781 178o lfassachusetts Bill of Rights enacted amended guaranteeing to

every denomination o( Christians equal protection i11 law 1834 middot 1782 James Fimiddoteeman chosen rector of Kings Chapel the church under

him became Unittrian 1783 End of the War of the Revolution 1784 Saybrook Pbtorm by remiddotision of statutes ceased to be cMl law in

Connecticut 1786 lIassachusetts was granted the right to purchase from the Indians

Western New York 1790 lIethodisrn first appears in 1fassachusctts Gra_nt or Vestem Reshy

senmiddote to Connecticut 1793 Williams College chartered 179-1-middot Ilowcloin College chartered 17)) The London lissiona1y Society instituted General Convention of

Congregational ministers and churches in Vermont organized 1796 F irst Con~rcgational church in Ohio at llarietla 1798 Connccicut fissionary Society formed

CH lW~OLOGICAL TAllLE S39

1799 )fassachusetts Missionary Society formed rSoo iliddlebury College founded 1801 Plan of Union ailopted botweeu the General Congregational Associashy

tion of Connecticut and the Genoral Assembly or the Presbyterian middotmiddot Church Congregational middotc1nirch organized in Quebec the first in

Lower middotcnada middot 1803 General Association of ilassachusetts ministers fomted Gtneral

Con(erence of churches 1S6o Union of Association and Confershyence 1868

1805 Henry Ware chose professor of divinity at Harvard First Sunday school in Cauacla organized in connection with Congregational chiuch in Quebec middot middot

1808 The first theological seminary opened at Andover Mass bullSo Park Street Church Iloston or~aniicd New Hampshire Associashy

tion and Rhode Island Consociation organized Muskingum (0) Association formed middot

1810 American Doard of Commissioners or Foreign Missions established by the General Aisociation of Massachusetts Dr Kirkland elected president ur Han middotard middot First Sunday school in ltassachushysttts ~t Ucn rl-

1815 Unitarianism avomd hy some tassachusetts Congregationalists 1816 American Education Society formed middotunited with Westem Coilege

Socictr in 1 87~ with Ncw est Education Commis~ion in 1893 Dan~or Theological Seminary began Rt1s011 N~cordtr began

1818 1ew constitution adopted hy the State of Connccticut making all re ligious associations purd Oluntary bull

1819 Congre~ational church organized at Southwold the first in Upper Crnada

1821 Amherst College founded middot 18 Theological department opened at Yale College 186 American Home issionary Society institutecf First State Confershy

ence of churches organized in Mai= 1831 Congregational Union or England and Wales organiied 183 l~assachusetts Sabbath-school Societr organized 1833 Declaration of Faith of the Congregational churches or Engbnd aml

Walts with Principles of Church Order and Discipline Oberlin college founclecl

1834 General Association of New York organized 1835 Illinois College founded 1837 Prcsbyteria11 General Jsscmhlr abrogated Pian of Union 1838 New School Prehyterian Chunh orgmizcll 1 S40 General Asso1iatio11 of Iowa anti isconsin Co1wention formed 18p Gencrtl ssmiatinn of l ithi~an Conned I s~ General Associati()ll of Ill inois formed 18~6 Convention of Western Co11grcgational churches at ~fichigan City

Mich American lissionary sociation organized bull

540 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

t8t7middot Beloit College founded 1848 Iowa College founded Oregon Association formed 1852 American General Convention of Congregational Chur~hes at Albany

N Y Encl of Plan of Union Ohio Association oigauized 1853 Congregational Churchbuilding Society formed middot 1855 Kansas Association organized 1856 Minnesota Association organized 1857 California and Nebraska associations organized 1858 Chicago Theological Seminary founded Indiana Association organmiddot

ized 186o Congregational College of British North America founded affiliated

with McGill Unimiddotersity Iontreal Canada 1864 1861 Beginning of Civil War 1865 Close of Cimiddotil War Missouri Association organized General

American Council of Congregational Churches Boston Burial Hill Declaration of Faith adopted

1867 Connecticut Conference organized 1868 Colorado Association organized 1869 New Jersey Association organizedmiddot 1870 Louisiana Association organized 1871 National Council established at Oberlin O for triennial meetings

South Dakota and Tennessee associations organized Congregational House Boston occupied by benemiddoto]ent societies and

other Congregational orga1iizations 1876 Alabama Association organized 1878 Georgia Association organized 1879 North Carolina Conference mmiddotganized 1881 First Youug Peoples Society of Christian Endeabullor fonnecl at Villiishy

ton Congregltttional Church Portland ire New est Edlcation Commission organizedmiddot united with American Education Society 1893

1882 Utah Association organized 1883 Declaration of Faith by a Creed Commission appointed hy the

National Council Florida and Mississippi associations and North Dakota Conference organized

Arizona and New Mexico Association an~] Montana Conference organized

1SSG P~middotnnsyh-mia tssltgtciation organized 1887 Arkansas and Southern Calipoundorni1 associations organized 1SS9 Vashington Agtsociation organired 1890 Gcor~ia Corwention and Oklahoma Association organilcd 1891 First International Congregational Council London Englind all

parts of the world bcing represcntell yoming Association organizd

CH lW~OLOGICAL TAllLE S39

1799 )fassachusetts Missionary Society formed rSoo iliddlebury College founded 1801 Plan of Union ailopted botweeu the General Congregational Associashy

tion of Connecticut and the Genoral Assembly or the Presbyterian middotmiddot Church Congregational middotc1nirch organized in Quebec the first in

Lower middotcnada middot 1803 General Association of ilassachusetts ministers fomted Gtneral

Con(erence of churches 1S6o Union of Association and Confershyence 1868

1805 Henry Ware chose professor of divinity at Harvard First Sunday school in Cauacla organized in connection with Congregational chiuch in Quebec middot middot

1808 The first theological seminary opened at Andover Mass bullSo Park Street Church Iloston or~aniicd New Hampshire Associashy

tion and Rhode Island Consociation organized Muskingum (0) Association formed middot

1810 American Doard of Commissioners or Foreign Missions established by the General Aisociation of Massachusetts Dr Kirkland elected president ur Han middotard middot First Sunday school in ltassachushysttts ~t Ucn rl-

1815 Unitarianism avomd hy some tassachusetts Congregationalists 1816 American Education Society formed middotunited with Westem Coilege

Socictr in 1 87~ with Ncw est Education Commis~ion in 1893 Dan~or Theological Seminary began Rt1s011 N~cordtr began

1818 1ew constitution adopted hy the State of Connccticut making all re ligious associations purd Oluntary bull

1819 Congre~ational church organized at Southwold the first in Upper Crnada

1821 Amherst College founded middot 18 Theological department opened at Yale College 186 American Home issionary Society institutecf First State Confershy

ence of churches organized in Mai= 1831 Congregational Union or England and Wales organiied 183 l~assachusetts Sabbath-school Societr organized 1833 Declaration of Faith of the Congregational churches or Engbnd aml

Walts with Principles of Church Order and Discipline Oberlin college founclecl

1834 General Association of New York organized 1835 Illinois College founded 1837 Prcsbyteria11 General Jsscmhlr abrogated Pian of Union 1838 New School Prehyterian Chunh orgmizcll 1 S40 General Asso1iatio11 of Iowa anti isconsin Co1wention formed 18p Gencrtl ssmiatinn of l ithi~an Conned I s~ General Associati()ll of Ill inois formed 18~6 Convention of Western Co11grcgational churches at ~fichigan City

Mich American lissionary sociation organized bull

540 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

t8t7middot Beloit College founded 1848 Iowa College founded Oregon Association formed 1852 American General Convention of Congregational Chur~hes at Albany

N Y Encl of Plan of Union Ohio Association oigauized 1853 Congregational Churchbuilding Society formed middot 1855 Kansas Association organized 1856 Minnesota Association organized 1857 California and Nebraska associations organized 1858 Chicago Theological Seminary founded Indiana Association organmiddot

ized 186o Congregational College of British North America founded affiliated

with McGill Unimiddotersity Iontreal Canada 1864 1861 Beginning of Civil War 1865 Close of Cimiddotil War Missouri Association organized General

American Council of Congregational Churches Boston Burial Hill Declaration of Faith adopted

1867 Connecticut Conference organized 1868 Colorado Association organized 1869 New Jersey Association organizedmiddot 1870 Louisiana Association organized 1871 National Council established at Oberlin O for triennial meetings

South Dakota and Tennessee associations organized Congregational House Boston occupied by benemiddoto]ent societies and

other Congregational orga1iizations 1876 Alabama Association organized 1878 Georgia Association organized 1879 North Carolina Conference mmiddotganized 1881 First Youug Peoples Society of Christian Endeabullor fonnecl at Villiishy

ton Congregltttional Church Portland ire New est Edlcation Commission organizedmiddot united with American Education Society 1893

1882 Utah Association organized 1883 Declaration of Faith by a Creed Commission appointed hy the

National Council Florida and Mississippi associations and North Dakota Conference organized

Arizona and New Mexico Association an~] Montana Conference organized

1SSG P~middotnnsyh-mia tssltgtciation organized 1887 Arkansas and Southern Calipoundorni1 associations organized 1SS9 Vashington Agtsociation organired 1890 Gcor~ia Corwention and Oklahoma Association organilcd 1891 First International Congregational Council London Englind all

parts of the world bcing represcntell yoming Association organizd

540 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

t8t7middot Beloit College founded 1848 Iowa College founded Oregon Association formed 1852 American General Convention of Congregational Chur~hes at Albany

N Y Encl of Plan of Union Ohio Association oigauized 1853 Congregational Churchbuilding Society formed middot 1855 Kansas Association organized 1856 Minnesota Association organized 1857 California and Nebraska associations organized 1858 Chicago Theological Seminary founded Indiana Association organmiddot

ized 186o Congregational College of British North America founded affiliated

with McGill Unimiddotersity Iontreal Canada 1864 1861 Beginning of Civil War 1865 Close of Cimiddotil War Missouri Association organized General

American Council of Congregational Churches Boston Burial Hill Declaration of Faith adopted

1867 Connecticut Conference organized 1868 Colorado Association organized 1869 New Jersey Association organizedmiddot 1870 Louisiana Association organized 1871 National Council established at Oberlin O for triennial meetings

South Dakota and Tennessee associations organized Congregational House Boston occupied by benemiddoto]ent societies and

other Congregational orga1iizations 1876 Alabama Association organized 1878 Georgia Association organized 1879 North Carolina Conference mmiddotganized 1881 First Youug Peoples Society of Christian Endeabullor fonnecl at Villiishy

ton Congregltttional Church Portland ire New est Edlcation Commission organizedmiddot united with American Education Society 1893

1882 Utah Association organized 1883 Declaration of Faith by a Creed Commission appointed hy the

National Council Florida and Mississippi associations and North Dakota Conference organized

Arizona and New Mexico Association an~] Montana Conference organized

1SSG P~middotnnsyh-mia tssltgtciation organized 1887 Arkansas and Southern Calipoundorni1 associations organized 1SS9 Vashington Agtsociation organired 1890 Gcor~ia Corwention and Oklahoma Association organilcd 1891 First International Congregational Council London Englind all

parts of the world bcing represcntell yoming Association organizd

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE Of Important Events In Congregational History

Since 1900

1913 Report of the Committee of Nineteen acted upon by National Council of Congregational Churches at Kansas City setting up a national system for the dispensing of benevolences and control of seven Missionary Societies

1923 A national magazine poll reportedly ascertained the 25 best preachers in the US indicating that 7 were Congregationalists a group of only 900000

1931 Congregational National Council merged with General Convention of the Christian Church into the General Council of Congregational Christian Churches

1934 Congregational Christian Churches absorbs the German Reformed Church

1938 Rev Samuel Press in cooperation with Rev Truman Douglas initiated church union with the Eva~elical and Reformed Church

1942 Commission on Inter-Church Relations and Christian Unity authorized to explore possibl~ union with the E and R Church

1943 First and second drafts of the Basis of Unionn completed and sent to associations and churches for their study

1947 The Evanston Meeting held by Congregationalists as an ad hoc committee of the concerned over the proposed merger--released statement charging that Basis of Union was an abandonment of Congregational tradition and principle

1948 Deadline for acceptance of Basis of Union passes without the required percentage approving--deadline extended to Jan 1949 middot

1949 Approval of Basis of Union continues to be under 75 but General Council passes it anyway Cadman Memorial Church brought legal action to prevent the union

1950 New ~c~k Supreme Court enjoined General Council from carrying out consummation of the proposed union with the E and R Church

1952 New York court reversed lower court decision on grounds that since no property was involved themiddoty had no jurisdiction

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

1953 Appeal of Cadman Memorial Church denied 1955 National Association of Congregational Christian

Churches organized~ 1956 NACCC adopted its Articles of Association and By-Laws 1957 Formation of the United Church of Christ by the

Pirst General Synod middot

1959 Commission on the ministry of the NA proposed that ordination of ministers by the local church be proclaimed valid on the basis of historic Congregationalprinciple

1961 UCC Constitution formally ratified NACCC declared itself to be the successor to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches

1962 UCC and NACCC made application for membeEhip in the International Congregational Council UCC admitted NACCC denied admission

1966 Seminar on the Nature and Future of the Free Church in Chicago offered alternatives to organizational ecumenicity Consultatiqn on Church Union (COCU) completed its middot blueprin~ for the Great American Church

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

1953 Appeal of Cadman Memorial Church denied 1955 National Association of Congregational Christian

Churches organized~ 1956 NACCC adopted its Articles of Association and By-Laws 1957 Formation of the United Church of Christ by the

Pirst General Synod middot

1959 Commission on the ministry of the NA proposed that ordination of ministers by the local church be proclaimed valid on the basis of historic Congregationalprinciple

1961 UCC Constitution formally ratified NACCC declared itself to be the successor to the former General Council of the Congregational Christian Churches

1962 UCC and NACCC made application for membeEhip in the International Congregational Council UCC admitted NACCC denied admission

1966 Seminar on the Nature and Future of the Free Church in Chicago offered alternatives to organizational ecumenicity Consultatiqn on Church Union (COCU) completed its middot blueprin~ for the Great American Church