A BRIEF HISTORY OF CALL

A BRIEF HISTORY OF CALL

As a first step, we will identify its acronym CALL means Computer Assisted Language Learning, and is defined as a new learning system in the field of languages .

This is an innovative way to learn the language because it contains graphics, audio and animation, in this way achieved a global change in the perspective of language learning, creating interest in students who are tired of boring texts.

CALL IN THE 1950s AND 1960s

The first computers used for language learning ativities were large 1950s, which ones used to be used only in university, but for do that students has to leave the classroon and go to look for a computer, because these machines were too expensive, which limited their buy.

THE FIRST CALL PROGRAM

The first CALL program was designed at the three pioneering institutions: Stanford University, Darmouth University an the University of Essex, all of them focusing in teaching Russian although, eventually other languages were including with the time,

The first materials

The first materials take the form of textbooks on the Web, guided grammar exercises without much grammar books and easy to understand.

SIMULATIONthe use of computerized games and simulations in language education, and the examined the psycholinguistic and sociocultural constructs proposed as a basis for the use of games and simulations in computer-assisted language learning. Research in this area is expanding rapidly some analysis reveals that, although these studies are subject to limitations, simulations and games present valuable opportunities for effective language learning. The contemporary literature on theories of language acquisition hypothesizes that simulations and games are beneficial methods for helping learners acquire another language.

The following story of the call to appear in the 80s and 90S, in stories "web-based" and suggests that the evolution of the call can be divided into three trends: behavioral CALL, Integrative CALL and communicative CALL, which makes references to the book Mike and included almost all the useful timeline sent by Levy at the beginning of this effort. This original document supplied to us will also be displayed on the website of Mike as his contribution to this history of CALL.

Histories of CALL published in books are fewer and They fall in two categories:1. The properly researched, objective historical accounts Which Attempt tosummarize the progression and Might include dates required and a comprehensive listof sources.2. The interpretative type Which Tends to draw more subjective conclusions about the advances and trends in the field, Malthus analyzing its progression in a less objectivemanner.This poster will look at the input of only 5 Researchers, although several more haveSuch histories actually written. We will Deal With this in chronological order startingKhurshid with Ahmad et al (1985).

MACARIOThe interactivity of the Macario program hinged on student-controlled interruption ofthe linear video presentation. The motion picture would proceed until stopped by thestudent. At this point a menu tied directly to the video scene the student was watchingwould appear on the computer screen, with video control options and resourceannotations at the top of the screen, and the thought questions leading to the contentannotations below. The video control options allowed the student to return to the videopresentation and continue from the point of interruption.

Multimedia vs. Hypermedia

Multimedia: it s the presentation of text, graphics, animations, audio and video using the computers in an integrated manner. With multimedia systems nonlinear media are interacting with the user and responds to the inputs of user. A slide is an example, where information is presented in form of graphs or animations, sound and video.

Hypermedia: It is the use of text, data, graphics, audio and video as part of an extended hypertext system in which all elements are related, in that the content is accessible through hyperlinks. Hypermedia is a subset of multimedia.

Hypertext; It is a subset of hypermedia, and can be developed using specific software, such as Adobe Flash, Adobe Director and Macromedia Author ware.

Grammar exercises

There is a great deal of grammar exercises on the web, most of them with fill-ins, usually, but not always in the context of a whole sentence, or multiple choice questions, with exercises linked to pages explaining the structures.

Some exercises can be linked directly to specific textbooks, all follow a similar pattern, so that the student has to learn only one set of conventions to navigate the site.

Objectives:

The traditional method CALL, seeks to play an important role, which is enthuse and educate more and more students to be multilingual.The foreign language teachers have used a computer to provide a wide range of supplementary grammar exercises, the style, the verb and its uses and so are, that are indexed found, made and corrected on the Internet, (real language use)

Advantages:

Simulation programs indirectly connected to the student with real-life situations in which to learn about the culture of a country. These exercises are available 24 hours a day, no charge, and you can perform them from the comfort of your home or work.

This method is closely related to technology and virtual reality, so each gives tends to improve more, making learning is interactive, because it integrates multimedia tools in the project-driven language learning and in which students share the results of their work with the public worldwide for web publishing.

ACTUALITY

From the twenty first century to present several technological advances and changes in the Contributions as of CALL scholars based in Scotland, and some places named below: Higher Education in Scotland is divided into four regions with a Total of more than 10 universities.

However, there is some good work on the Web, Most notably at the University of Edinburgh was the SPELL Project led by Prof. Mervyn Jack, then at CSTR, a real landmark in Speech Technology in Language Learning, some work also by Peter Dayan. so, as in French where there have been excellent works as Napier University, in Which the language of negotiation by a team Comprising Bénédicte Cebrian and Tom Wight et al. At Heriot-Watt, participation in the LEVERAGE Project (Prof. Terry Mayes, not a linguist but one of the pioneers of CAL in Scotland)

CONCLUSION

The new technological implementations are changing too fast to not yet possible to provide a definitive picture of the call on the web, so we can find forums as synchronous and asynchronous presentations and discussion groups, as well as the integration of video conferencing and audio activities. Besides that the web offers excellent examples of ways to motivate students and keep them interested in learning.However, while the Web is providing increasingly rich open source shared professional CALL, teaching approach, it still has a long way to go.