a brief intro to ux for the internet of things: thingmonk 2013

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A brief guide to UX for the internet of things Thingmonk Dec 2013 Claire Rowland @clurr photo by neko Sunday, 12 January 14

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Why productisation, conceptual models and interusabiity are key to good mass market consumer UX for the internet of things. Slides from Thingmonk, 3rd Dec 2013 London

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Page 1: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

A brief guide to

UX for the internet of thingsThingmonk Dec 2013Claire Rowland

@clurrphoto by nekoSunday, 12 January 14

Page 2: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Useful, usable, desirablephoto by steven de polophoto by lyzadanger

photo by nickpophoto by david ward

Sunday, 12 January 14I'm Claire. I'm a UX researcher and designer from a psychology background. Currently service design manager for AlertMe, heating systems, energy monitoring, security, safety and general home automation.

I'm here in my own capacity and opinions are my own..

my interest: iot products and services that do everyday things and are useful, usable and pleasurable to use for the mass market consumer. cIOT - until patrick’s talk i didn’t know it had a name.

i think of it as how do you get this stuff sold in argos/boots/ikea...

when you start looking at mundane day to day activities that might not superficially seem that exciting, you uncover a lot of interesting human problems.

Page 3: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Good UX is needed to get us here

Everett Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, 1962

Sunday, 12 January 14not every service is going to be consumer oriented, and it's perfectly valuable to make things that target innovators, early adopters or generally engage people in more than just a passive consumer role. but if we want iot to reach its full potential, then at some point, we need to find a way of making things that work for even the late majority.

for that, good UX is essential

Page 4: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Clear proposition

Clear conceptual model

Good interusability (distributed UX)

Sunday, 12 January 14need 3 things for consumer market: either unique to iot or given where we are now, particularly pertinent: clear proposition, clear conceptual model, distributed service-oriented approach to UX design (interusability)

Page 5: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Clear proposition

Clear conceptual model

Good interusability (distributed UX)

Sunday, 12 January 14proposition is where the user experience starts: if people don’t understand what your thing does and why they might want it it doesn’t matter how clever your design is.

Page 6: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Value >

Money &effort

Sunday, 12 January 14what the mass market wants and needs is good products, that do something of value, for an amount of money and effort that seems in proportion to that value.

I work in home automation... many examples going back up to 40 years of systems that never managed to convince people en masse that what they did was worth the money and effort to install.

this is x10 powerhouse for the commodore 64 form 1986, allowed you to control appliances, lights, heating from any phone. people are still getting excited on kickstarter about that stuff but this system is nearly 30 years old and we’re not all using it, are we?

Page 7: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

In areas where they don’t have expert knowledge

consumers tend to buy products, not tools

product tool

Sunday, 12 January 14we're making things that are cheaper, better designed and easier to use... not always creating clear products.

by a product i mean: the majority market is used to buying products that make a promise to solve a specific problem and come reasonably well configured to solve it. witness belkin demo vs nest protect. nest protect advertising is very interesting: doesn’t talk about connectivity at all, talks about how it is a better smoke/CO alarm.

belkin has a good UX, but is essentially an example of a tool: something that requires end users to define and solve own problems. it requires an imaginative leap even to think about what you might do with it. tools can be powerful things, and empowering more people to use them is a great aim.

but i’d argue that that’s not late majority. in the case of wemo, i’d argue that controllable sockets are a step along the road to a majority product of controllable appliances.

Page 8: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Clear proposition

Clear conceptual model

Good interusability (distributed UX)

Sunday, 12 January 14conceptual model: concepts, and relationships between them

Page 9: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Conceptual model of conventional heating

turns it on & off & up & down(bit confusing)

makes heat (by heating water)

Sunday, 12 January 14conceptual model of unconnected heating looks like this: box make heating come on. boiler: thing that heats up water. if i’m lucky it doesn’t go wrong very often but when it does it’s uncomfortable. and when it does i call someone out. box might be confusing and most of us don’t use it well but we vaguely understand which bit does what.

Page 10: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

•What’s this mystery box?•Why is my heating system

telling me the internet is down?• Is that 6pm at home or where I

am now?

Connectedness requires users to understand system models

Sunday, 12 January 14

connected heating may promise to make things simpler, with simpler controls, but also adds in additional complexity. there are these other bits. what do they DO? hub is a mysterious box to many people. i’ve tested this stuff.

more things, things that can lose power, connectivity or are in different places? all of those have implications as to how the system works.

why does the heating system email me when the internet is down? does that mean it’s not working? (actually it is, the alerts are sent because some users also have a security system running on same platform which is dependent on the internet connection)

and is that 4pm in the UK where my home is, or the US, where my phone is right now?

in order to understand and predict the behaviour of this heating system, you need to know a bit more about the system model.

if i’m a user of a common or garden website, i don’t have to engage with the system model. this is why the web is consumer friendly in a way that gopher was not.

there are advantages from having a connected system, but however well the individual device UIs are designed, there are new things to go wrong and an extra layer of stuff to be confused about.

Page 11: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

We’ve broken direct manipulation

Sunday, 12 January 14in the case of a lighting system with automated rules that turn lights on and off at different times, in order to predict whether it will still run if your internet connection goes down, you essentially have to know where the code governing those rules runs. if it’s on your phone or in the cloud, then it won’t; if it’s in a hub it will. that’s

in a sense, we’ve broken direct manipulation: 30 year old principle in UI design: i act on things and see effect immediately. moving towards a model that’s more like programming: things run in different places, at different times. level of abstraction that can be hard for people who are not inherently interested in tech.

if we’re not careful with design, risk of what Scott Jenson (google, ideo, apple) calls ‘surprise package’ - taking a successful mass market product and making it into an early adopter product again

(props to Pilgrim Beart and Alan Blackwell)

Page 12: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

Designing a conceptual model !=

Training users to understand the system model

Sunday, 12 January 14you have to explicitly design conceptual models - not just about getting people to understand the way that you have built the system

learning what they need and and they have to fit with the way people think, existing knowledge, behaviours and beliefs

Page 13: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

“My teenagers skulk in their bedrooms. They’re not out, but they’re not really in either...”

photo by wendizzle

Sunday, 12 January 14 one of those that i've bumped into a lot is the mismatch between the conceptual model of a lot of home automation, and the way people think about their home lives. for example, we have this idea of tracking who's in and who's out, that superficially seems logical… but actually turns the home into a big computer that people have to log into and out of and someone has to be the sysadmin and allocate permissions, and when you put that in front of users you discover that doesn't work with the way people live. teenagers exist in quantum state and permissions are negotiated and flexible.

sometimes throwing tech at a problem overlooks human issues - creating a system that doesn’t fit with the way people live and expecting them to adapt to it isn’t going to work very well

Page 14: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

c.f. Cross-Platform Service User Experience: A Field Study and an Initial Framework. Minna Wäljas, Katarina Segerståhl, Kaisa Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen MobileHCI'10

Clear proposition

Clear conceptual model

Good interusability (distributed UX)

Sunday, 12 January 14You’ve heard of interoperability: making things work with other things. There is a parallel in UX: interusability: what UX looks like distributed across multiple devices with different capabilities.

Surprisingly little in academic literature. My favourite model for thinking about interusability is from this paper:

Page 15: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

vs

CompositionWhich devices you have, how functionality is distributed

Sunday, 12 January 14(related to conceptual model but choices you make affect functionality and UX of system)

http://www.tado.com/en/example: tado thermostat has no UI, it’s all on the phone. probable reasons: it’s expensive to make a good thermostat UI, (and no-one understands the bad ones), so just make a good phone UI, which is relatively cheap to do. It’s an elegant choice but has limitations: if you don’t have your phone to hand, or it’s not working, or you’re a guest in the house without access to the phone UI, you can’t adjust the heating.

AlertMe chose differently: we have a standard thermostat with a conventionally bad UI but also the phone and web apps, which are easier to use (the one you see here looks rather plain as it’s our unbranded version). This means that you, and your guests or other residents without smartphones, can still use it as a conventional thermostat. It’s less elegant (we didn’t redesign the thermostat UI, in order to keep costs down), but it doesn’t lack anything you’d expect from a normal heating system.

Page 16: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

ConsistencyDevice-appropriate interfaces that feel like a family

Sunday, 12 January 14nest example: twiddly knob on the wall that clicks. touchscreen: up and down arrow. (twiddly knobs are inefficient and inaccurate on touchscreens). BUT it still makes the same click :)

Page 17: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

ContinuityFluent cross platform interactions...

Sunday, 12 January 14Set goal on phone: displayed on fuelband via bluetooth. (Jawbone, up until recently, had to be synced).

Page 18: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

...up to date data on all platforms

!!possible 2 minute delay!!

Sunday, 12 January 14A lot of the knottiest design problems I’ve run into in my work are continuity challenges. It sounds obvious: If i interact with the service on one device, I would expect all other devices reflect that change in state. e.g. if I turn the target heating temperature up on my wall thermostat, you’d expect the new temperature to be immediately reflected on the smartphone too.

But sometimes this isn’t technically possible.

In the case of the AlertMe system, there can be a delay of up to two minutes before the smartphone app is updated. This is because the wall thermostat runs off a battery, and sending data to the network uses a lot of power so it only does it every two minutes. If it sent it more frequently than that, it would run the battery down very fast. We could make mains powered controllers, but engineers don’t like those in this country as they are more complicated to install.

So for the time being, the UX is a compromise, albeit a small one as the main use of the smartphone app is when you are not standing in front of the wall thermostat, and 2 minutes isn’t a long delay in turning the heating on.

The important thing is to ensure that users are as informed as possible about what’s going on.

Page 19: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

UI/visual designscreen layout, look and feel

Platform designconceptual architecture and domain models spanning products/services

Service designcustomer lifecycle, customer services, integration with non digital touchpoints

Productisationaudience, proposition, objectives, functionality of a specific service

Industrial designphysical hardware: capabilities

and form factor

Interaction designarchitecture and behaviours per

service, per device

Interusabilityinteractions spanning multiple

devices with different capabilities

Conceptual modelHow should users think about the

system?

Many layers of IoT UX

Sunday, 12 January 14so... UX for IoT. it’s not just about building systems and slapping UIs on things.

many product companies making a platform play... UX involvement in a platform involves thinking about conceptual architecture and domain models. That might be my language, maybe we’re talking about meta models, from Rick’s talk. Meta structures that help people make sense of the stuff around them and get it working together to do sensible things without spending their lives on sysadmin.

Page 20: A brief intro to UX for the internet of things: Thingmonk 2013

•IoT is tech centric: we’re still figuring out how to make compelling consumer products

•When user experiences are extended across multiple devices with different capabilities, users need strong conceptual models

•Distributed UXes need good interusability:

• Composition of functionality across devices

• Appropriate consistency of interfaces

• Continuity of interactions across devices

• PS: There’s loads more. I’m writing a book...

Summary

Sunday, 12 January 14So,that was a brief introduction to some of the challenges.

We’re still figuring out how to do this stuff and there are lots of challenges.