a brief introduction into the peripheral nervous system
TRANSCRIPT
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A Brief Introduction into the Peripheral Nervous System
Bianca Flores,
PhD Candidate, Neuroscience
Tuesday, October 15th, 2019
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Brief overview:
• What are you hoping to learn?
• Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• Physiology
• Diseases associated with PNS
• Special topics (current research at Vanderbilt)
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Brief question-
• Is there a location in our body that does not have neurons (signals being sent to move or sense)?
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The body’s nervous system is made up of two parts:
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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is divided into two parts
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PNS: Sensory components:
• Nociception
• Proprioception
• Mechanoreception
• Thermoception
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Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic
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PNS
• Includes everything outside of the brain and spinal cord
• Is divided into motor and sensory subsets
• Controls the “rest and relax” and “flight or fight” responses
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PNS: Physiology & Anatomy
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Dorsal Root ganglion are sensory body of the PNS
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Anatomy of the PNS- Dorsal Root Ganglion
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How the PNS sends signals to the CNS
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Nerve impulses carry electrical signals
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Myelin sheath on surrounds to the nerve to contribute to signal propagation
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Myelin sheath on surrounds to the nerve to contribute to signal propagation
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Nerve impulses carry electrical signals
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PNS Physiology and Anatomy
• Dorsal root ganglion are the sensory bodies of the PNS
• The Ventral root is responsible for motor movement
• Myelin Sheath is imperative to proper nerve function
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Diseases associated with the PNS: Peripheral Neuropathy
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What is peripheral neuropathy?
Peripheral Neuropathy:
-Damage to peripheral nerves
-unable to transmit information to the Central Nervous system (CNS)
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
• Traumatic injury
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
• Traumatic injury
• Exposure to poisons/toxins (lead & mercury)
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
• Traumatic injury
• Exposure to poisons/toxins (lead & mercury)
• Diabetes
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
• Traumatic injury
• Exposure to poisons/toxins (lead & mercury)
• Diabetes
• Alcoholism (Vitamin B12 deficiencies)
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How does peripheral neuropathy develop?
• Hereditary (Charcot Marie Tooth Disease)
• Traumatic injury
• Exposure to poisons/toxins (lead & mercury)
• Diabetes
• Alcoholism (Vitamin B12 deficiencies)
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There are three types subtypes of nerve damage in Peripheral Neuropathy
• Motor
– Muscle twitching
– Muscle atrophy
• Sensory
– Our 5 senses
• Autonomic nerve damage
– Inability to sweat normally
– Loss of bladder control
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Special topic- Current Research at Vanderbilt:
Hereditary Sensory Motor Neuropathy with Agenesis of the
Corpus Callosum (HSMN/ACC)
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Saguenay lac St Jean, Quebec, Canada
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Patients display motor and sympathetic dysfunction
Hypotonic feet Edema
Andermann & Anderman., 1992
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Agenesis of the corpus callosum results in cognitive disabilities
Paul et al., 2007
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HSMN/ACC occurs because of a loss of function of the transporter KCC3
Basal volume
Swelling
Solute Loss
Regulatory Volume DecreaseK+
Cl-
Basal volume
KCC3 co transporter
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Loss of function results in nerve damage
Loss of function
Healthy mouse sample
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What are we doing as researchers to help those with HSMN/ACC?
• Early intervention
• Surgery to correct scoliosis
• Physiotherapy
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Normal volume
Cl-
K+
A loss of function of KCC3 results in cell swelling
Swelling
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Summary
• The PNS is comprised of sensory and motor components
• Dorsal Root ganglia are the sensory bodies of the PNS
• Peripheral Neuropathy is one of many diseases that can affect the PNS and have multiple causes
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Questions?