a brief introduction to batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (bsal) and the threat to southeastern taxa
TRANSCRIPT
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First Southern Appalachians Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) mee6ng
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History
• First discovered in The Netherlands (2013)
• Reduced infected popula6ons to less than 4%
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Effects on salamanders
• Mul6focal superficial erosions and deep ulcera6ons all over the body
• Death generally occurs in under 2 weeks aNer a short episode of anorexia, apathy, and ataxia
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Thermal preference
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Threat to southern Appalachian species
• Martel et al. (2014) tested 35 species across all amphibian orders
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Threat to southern Appalachian species
• Threat-‐ moderate • Temp of most habitat is outside of ideal growth range • 1 of 3 Hynobs contracted Bsal • Habitat of S. keyserlingii-‐ terrestrial but breed in permanent
pools
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Sirenidae
• Threat -‐ moderate • Only species tested does contract Bsal, but is tolerant
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Ambystoma6ds
• Threat-‐ low • 2 species tested-‐ both tolerant • Larvae suscep6bility untested
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Salamandrids
• Threat-‐ extremely high • Nearly all species died from infec6on • Large popula6ons and wide spread-‐ can serve as a reservoir • Both terrestrial and aqua6c forms give this species the
ability to rapidly spread Bsal
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Waterdogs and amphiumas
• ???
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Dusky and climbing salamanders
• Threat-‐ High • Bsal was lethal in Hydromantes, which is very similar
ecologically to Aneides • Desmogs are endemic widely spread and ecologically diverse
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Woodland Plethodon6ds
• Threat-‐ moderate due simply to the number of species
• Plethodon glu:nosus was immune
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Splerpines
• Threat-‐ low to moderate
• Gyrinophilus was immune
• Again, very diverse
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Conclusions
• Bsal has the poten6al to decimate southern Appalachian salamander diversity and density
• The biggest threats appear to be to red spo[ed newts, green salamanders, and the dusky salamanders
• We need a lot more data and conserva6on strategy