a building framework for the all renewable energy future

Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD

Introducing PRIMARY ENERGY+ RENEWABLES

A Building Framework for theAll-Renewable Energy Future:

As Developed by:

OVERVIEW

What is Source (Primary) Energy? What is a Primary Energy ‘factor’ Why factors are local, regional & climate-specific Designing for an All-Renewable Energy Future How Primary Energy Renewable (PER) was developed What this looks like in California A few building examples

PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING

SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry

‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’ ENERGY

PRIMARY ENERGY ACCOUNTING

SOURCE: Illustration from ‘California’s All Renewable Energy Future’ by Bronwyn Barry

‘SOURCE’ vs ‘SITE’ ENERGY

‘SITE NET ZERO’ IS FUZZY MATH!

WHAT IS A UTILIZATION FACTOR FOR ELECTRICITY?

SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use

WHAT’S YOUR REGIONAL (SOURCE) ENERGY FACTOR?

SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy

kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315

http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps






ERCOT: 3.574

Alaska: 3.568

Hawaii: 3.1917

Eastern: 3.394







Western: 2.853

ERCOT: 3.574

Alaska: 3.568

Hawaii: 3.1917

Eastern: 3.394




HOW DIRTY (OR CLEAN) IS YOUR GRID?

Nuclear North East

Hydro North West

Windy Great Plains

Coal Midwest

Solar Coasts

Gas Everywhere

!

Solar Coasts

Gas Everywhere

!

SHIFTING DESIGN INCENTIVES TO FAVOR RENEWABLES




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✕

Renewables 3x better site utilization



✕

Renewables 3x better site utilization

But non-Renewables look equally good

SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,

VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per%23the_per_sustainability_assessment



SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment,

VISUALIZING AN ALL RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE

New Design Incentives Needed




RETHINKING PRIMARY (SOURCE) ENERGY

Heating/Cooling Demand:

Peak Heat Load:

Air-tightness:

Total Primary Energy:

15 kWh/m2yror 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2

10 W/m2 or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2

n50 < 0.6 ACH

Primary Energy Renewables (PER) Factors 3 Certification Levels

Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources

SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy.

Creates a CARBON EMISSIONS focus

THREE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATION LEVELS

Energy Supply from Renewable ResourcesFinal Energy Demand at the Building

PER =

INCENTIVIZES:1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all

buildingsSOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

BUILDING AN ALL-RENEWABLE ENERGY FRAMEWORK

1. Total Demand

Reduction

Allocate by: Electricity Hot Water Heating Cooling Dehumidification

2. Seasonal Energy Demand

3. Regional Grid Renewable Supply

Account for: Wind Solar PV Hydro~ Biomass~ District Heat4. Building

Site & Size

6. Renewable Storage

Look at kWh of: Short-term & Long-term energy

5. Regional Peak Load

Incentivize Load shifting according to: Demand Type Daily Peak Use Seasonal Peak

7. Appliance Energy Source

Incentivize fuel switching to electric heat pumps

Account for: Local renewable availability Building size vs roof area Supply vs Demand balance Viable short- vs long-term

storage

FRAMEWORK FOR CALIFORNIA

5. Regional Peak Load

FRAMEWORK PER FACTORS IN THE PHPP

SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/harrmann/the-new-phpp-version-9-project-specific-cause-effect

APPLIED TO A HOME IN VANCOUVER, BC


APPLIED TO A HOME IN MAINE


APPLIED TO A SAN FRANCISCO RENOVATION


SUMMARIZING PRIMARY ENERGY RENEWABLE

BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Manages ‘Loss’

2. Driven by:Comfort Quality

Durability

3. Credits renewables

separately

PRIORITIZES DEMAND

REDUCTION

Renewable sources given beneficial ‘Primary Energy

Renewable’ factors

Credits allocated to:On-site generation Off-site generation

Green Roofs

(Regional grid supply factored into this

calculus.)

SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD

EQUITABLE CALCULATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY

BASIC PRINCIPLES

1. Manages ‘Loss’

2. Driven by:Comfort Quality

Durability

3. Credits renewables

separately

SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD

RENEWABLE CREDITS ALLOCATED

BY

Projected Building Footprint

Incentivizes large-scale and micro-grid

renewable supply.Off-site generation

allowed for Premium Tier.

Does not penalize commercial, tall, shaded or urban infill

projects with no site generation capacity.

LEARN MORE HERE

http://www.naphnconference.com/

Event Partners: Passive House

Institute Lawrence Berkeley

National Laboratory Pacific Gas & Electric Living Futures

Institute

OCTOBER 4-8TH

Oakland, CA

PASSIVE + RENEWABLES

KEYNOTE:Scott Foster, Director, Sustainable Energy Division, United Nations ECE (includes USA & Canada.)

FURTHER READING, THANKS AND CREDITS

SOURCE MATERIAL: Passive House Institute, passivehouse.com ‘The PER Sustainability Assessment,’ Passipedia.org Andre Harrmann, CertiPHiers & Harrmann Consulting Bronwyn Barry, ‘California’s All-Renewable Energy Future’

RECOMMENDED READING:https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessmenthttps://passipedia.org/basics/passive_house_-_assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade

SOURCE: Image – Cottle Passive House NZE, One Sky Homes

THANK YOUBronwyn Barry, RA, CPHDEmail: [email protected]: http://naphnetwork.org/

mailto:[email protected]

FRAMEWORK CALCULATION METHOLOGY

2. Seasonal Energy Demand

Allocated by: Electricity Hot Water Heating Cooling Dehumidification

6. Renewable Storage

kWh of: Short-term & Long-term energy

SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

BONUS

MATERIAL

SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment

Figure 4: The PER factors are equivalent to the required additional RE supply for each kWh of a consumer’s additional energy demand. Examples are shown for domestic hot water, heating and cooling in Boise, US.

Figure 5: Exemplary PER factors for selected locations in different climate zones arctic, cool-temperate, warm and very hot.

Figure 6: PER factors for space heating for various locations integrated into the PHPP. Average value and variation.

4. Building Site & Size

Accounts for: Local renewable availability Building size vs roof area Supply vs Demand balance Viable short- vs long-term storage

FRAMEWORK CALCULATION METHOLOGY

BONUS

MATERIAL

a building framework for the all renewable energy future

Environment