a+ certification guide chapter 3 bios, cmos, and firmware
DESCRIPTION
A+ Certification Guide Chapter 3 BIOS, CMOS, and Firmware. Bootup and Configuration Files. Chapter 4 Objectives. Understand BIOS, CMOS, and Firmware: Explain the motherboard’s firmware, known as the BIOS. Describe the relationship between the CMOS and the BIOS. Configure the System BIOS: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A+ Certification Guide
Chapter 3
BIOS, CMOS, and FirmwareBootup and Configuration Files
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Chapter 4Objectives
Understand BIOS, CMOS, and Firmware:– Explain the motherboard’s firmware, known as the BIOS.– Describe the relationship between the CMOS and the BIOS.
Configure the System BIOS:– Demonstrate how to access the BIOS and modify settings—for
example, RAM, processor, and video settings. Power-On Self-Test and Error Reporting:
– Describe the POST and audible and visible errors that the POST reports.
BIOS Updates:– Learn how to upgrade the BIOS through flashing.
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What Is BIOS? BIOS = Basic Input Output System
– BIOS is firmware that• Identifies connected system devices.
– CPU– RAM– Keyboard– Mouse– CD-ROM– Display
• Tests system devices (Power-On Self-Test)• Initializes the system devices
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Where Is BIOS Found? – Firmware:
• Software that comes embedded in its own memory chip.
– Two types of memory used for BIOS firmware:• EEPROM
– Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
• EPROM– Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory– Older PCs used EPROM– Could be erased by exposure to ultraviolet light:
» Also known as “Flashing the BIOS.”– Motherboard is set up to initialize its operations using BIOS.
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BIOS Locations (Look for Battery)
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What Is CMOS? CMOS = Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor:
– A type of random access memory (RAM).– Memory can be lost without a power source.– On-board battery keeps this functional.
CMOS stores settings used by BIOS:– Boot sequence; hard drive parameters.– BIOS/CMOS access password.– These options are passed to the BIOS soon after
the power is turned on.– Settings can be changed by using the CMOS editor.
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BIOS Settings and Screens Common methods to access the BIOS/CMOS editor
during bootup:– Esc– Del– F1– F2– F10– Ctrl+Alt+?– Most system splash screens provide information on
which key to press. When in doubt, consult the motherboard manual.
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Alterable BIOS Settings Sampling of more frequently used options:
– Boot sequence: hard drive, CD-ROM, USB – Memory configuration– CPU clock and frequency (overclocking)– CPU memory cache– Hardware monitor (to get status of fans in case)– Onboard audio/modem/network– Integrated peripherals (disable/enable)– PS/2 mouse (disable if using USB mouse)– USB legacy for non-Windows USB keyboard– Serial and parallel ports
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Alterable BIOS Settings USB options for 2.0 and 3.0 Keyboard options Plug-and-play OS Primary VGA BIOS AGP card speed Serial and parallel ports Shadowing (for video BIOS) Boot Time Diagnostics Power management Virtualization Setup/BIOS password SATA/PATA drives
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BIOS Auto-Configuration Most preferred choice versus manual setup Three options:
– BIOS defaults:• Original BIOS settings
– Setup defaults:• Optimized settings
– Turbo:• Engages overclocking when CPU is not under
stress
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Sample CMOS Editor
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CMOS Editor—System Information
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Setting Boot Sequence
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Integrated Peripherals What are integrated peripherals?
Functions that used to be optional but are now considered mandatory:• Onboard video• Onboard audio• Onboard network card• HDMI port• USB ports• External SATA drive port
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Power Management Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI):
– Offers less power consumption when enabled.– Six standard setting options (S0-S5):
• S0 means no power management is in effect.– Inputs, CPU, memory, and hard drive running.
• S1/POS (power on standby)– CPU is off; memory is being refreshed.– PSU is on; hard drive is off.
• S3/STR (suspend to RAM)– Microsoft calls this standby.– PSU is off; RAM is refreshed.
• S0, S2, S4, and S5 are not commonly used.– Note: S4 is “hibernate;” RAM saved to disk.
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Power Management
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Enabling Virtualization
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CPU System Clock and Overclocking Considerations
CPU “speed” is set as a multiplier of the clock frequency.
No adjustments are needed unless overclocking is employed.
Should you overclock?– Better to set BIOS to “turbo” or “extreme.”
• These allow temporary overclocking in unusual circumstances (gaming).
– Prolonged overclocking means:• Need bigger fan/cooling apparatus• Better power supply (PSU)
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Understanding BIOS Error Codes Power-On Self-Test (POST):
– Codes for RAM, hard drive, and CPU failure.– Memory, keyboard, and graphics cards are
checked. Problems can be indicated by:
– Beep codes– On-screen error codes:
• Text display• Hexadecimal codes
Be sure to review this section of the book before taking the A+ exam.
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Having a Successful BIOS Upgrade Do you need a BIOS upgrade?
– Usually not…“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.”– Issues that sometimes require a BIOS upgrade for
the system to work properly:• New hardware, such as large SATA and
PATA/IDE hard drives, and different types of removable-storage drives
• Faster CPUs• New operating systems and features• New BIOS options
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Before Doing a BIOS Upgrade Back up all important data. Record BIOS settings or take a digital picture of them:
– Identify the current version of the BIOS software.– Identify the exact make/model of your motherboard.
Download the BIOS update software:– Most vendors provide an .exe file that requires
minimal effort. Highly recommended that the PC is plugged into a
UPS:– Power interruption during BIOS upgrade may make
the entire motherboard unusable.
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When Things Go Wrong Some newer motherboards have two BIOS chips:
– Reboot using the alternative BIOS chip if the new BIOS upgrade fails.
Check for a flash “write protect” jumper. Reset the flash recovery jumper:
• Video may not work during this process.– Listen for beeps.
• Reset jumper to normal. Obtain a new flash chip from the motherboard
manufacturer.
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Chapter 3Summary
Understand BIOS, CMOS, and Firmware:– Explain the motherboard’s firmware, known as the BIOS.– Describe the relationship between the CMOS and the BIOS.
Configure the System BIOS:– Demonstrate how to access the BIOS and modify settings—for
example, RAM, processor, and video settings. Power-On Self-Test and Error Reporting:
– Describe the POST and audible and visible errors that the POST reports.
BIOS Updates:– Learn how to upgrade the BIOS through a process known as flashing.
Next Lesson: Chapter 4