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Layer 0

Layer 1

Layer 2

B K

A

B

C

DG

F

EJ

H

K

G

G

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Our clusteringbased hierarchicalscheme

Static Highly Dynamic

One-timeconfiguration

Mobile IP

Different Routing Solutions

Increasing mobility

FloodingFlat routingusing on-demandschemes

Wireless sensor networks

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Each of such k-1 vertices andthe center vertex make a clusterof size k.

A

B

C

L2L3

L1

L4

Each of L1, L2 and L3

k = 0.45n

segments has 0.03n vertices

0.3n vertices

0.3n vertices

0.3n vertices

Total n vertices

Segment L4 has 0.01n vertices

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0.6k 0.5kC

Cluster with 1.1k

members

0.8k 0.6k 0.8k 1.3k 0.7k

u

Cluster with 1.5kmembers

Cluster with 1.4k+1members

0.7k

D

B A

x z

y v

Partial clusterwith 0.7k+1 membersretained in the tree

Cluster formed at v

|T(u)| = 6k + 1

F

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v v

v

vv

2 3

4

56

uR

v1

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i+1

min

c Ri

minc R

c R

i

min

u

Moat b(i)

q

pR

cR

u

Moat b(i)

q

p

i+1

minc R

p

p

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Tree Discovery Protocol

Wireless MAC Protocol

Cluster Formation Protocol

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Cumu

lativefractionstabilized

Simulated time (in seconds)

Nodes = 500, k = 10

deg=3.2

deg=4.0

deg=7.0

deg=14.0

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