a comparative study of speed on flexible and …...a comparative study of speed on flexible and...

DOI: 10.23883/IJRTER.2017.3304.F2VRF 342

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPEED ON FLEXIBLE AND

INTERLOCKING CEMENT CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENT

Shajeev S.1, Dr.Satheesh Chandran

2

M.Tech. Scholar1, Professor

2

Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology

Govt. Engg. College, Kerala, India

Abstract-The interlocking cement concrete blocks are very useful where water flows over the

pavement, at water stagnated areas, at intersections etc. The use of interlocking cement blocks for

pavements become very common practice irrespective of their warrants. This study was intended to

compare the speed of the vehicles over Flexible Pavement (FP) and Interlocking Cement Concrete

Blocks Pavement (ICBP) in a same stretch of a road. This study was conducted in Thannithode-

Chittar road and near Thannithode junction of Pathanamthitta district. The spot speed of vehicles was

taken for both flexible as well as ICBP of same stretch of road and compared the variation of speed.

Key words: ICBP, Spot speed, IRC: SP: 63-2004

I. INTRODUCTION

Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been extensively used in a number of countries

for quite some time as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing pavement in areas

where conventional types of construction are less durable due to many operational and

environmental constraints. The ICB pavements are generally recommended for (1) at water logging

area, (2) water flowing over the pavement, (3) at junctions where the vehicles are stopping

frequently, (4) at major town where the traffic not to control for maintenance. The evaluation of the

traffic flow parameters through the ICB pavement is very important due to the popularity of the ICB

pavement. The IRC/Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) has prepared the specifications for

ICBP(IRC: SP: 63-2004).

II. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare the speedof trafficover the flexible and ICB pavement in

road stretch between Thannithode – Chittar road and Konni - Thannithode road of Pathanamthitta

district of Kerala.

III. SCOPE OF SURVEY To evaluate the speed variation of vehicles, over the Interlocking Cement Concrete Pavement. The

study is to find the level of service of interlocking concrete block pavement.

IV. STUDY AREA

Traffic study was carried out in two roads near ‘Konni’ in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala.

1. Thannithode – Chittar Road

2. Konni - Thannithode Road

The ‘Thannithodu – Chittar’ road is one of the important roads in Pathanamthitta district and comes

under Major District Road. The total length of the road is 6.10 km and having a carriageway width of

5.50 m which is connecting ‘Thannithodu’ town and ‘Chittar’ town. Topography of the road is hilly

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Res

terrain and passing through the forest land between chainage km 0/456 and 2/175. Since

stretch between chainage km 0/456 and 2/1

process is not allowed and forced to lay the ICBP by the competent authority. Adjacent to

Thannithode junction, ICB are laid for a length of 100m and width of 5.50m. The topography of the

area is level ground and ICBP pavement is laid in midblock section for avoiding water stagnation.

Figure 1:ICB paved carriageway in Thannithod

V.

4.1 Spot Speed Data collection - Manual Method

This method of spot speed determination was carried out on Thannithode

distance was measured and marked over ICBP and FP in adjacent section of the same road. The time

required for a moving vehicle to cover the above marked length through both flexible and I

pavements were recorded using synchronized stop watches. The above observations were taken in

both directions of the road.

Figure 2: Manual method of spot speed determination

4.2 Spot Speed Data collection–Radar Method

The Radar Gun was used to find out the spot speed of the vehicle

Radar speed gunis a device used to measure the speed of moving objects

principle that the speed of a moving body is proportional t

instrument was set up near the edge of the carriage way at a height of about 1m, above the ground

level. The speed meter was kept at an angle between the direction of travel of the vehicle and axis of

transmission of the radio wave. Speeds of vehicles are automatically displayed on the digital display

as we switch the radio waves with every vehicle pass.

manually. The average speed of the traffic calculated from the above data

compared.

Figure 3: Spot speed determination using Radar Speed Gun


Volume 03, Issue 06; June - 2017

terrain and passing through the forest land between chainage km 0/456 and 2/175. Since

stretch between chainage km 0/456 and 2/175 is passing through the forest land, the hot mixing



ground and ICBP pavement is laid in midblock section for avoiding water stagnation.

:ICB paved carriageway in Thannithod – Chittar Road

V. METHODOLOGY

Manual Method

determination was carried out on Thannithode - Chittar road. A known


required for a moving vehicle to cover the above marked length through both flexible and I


: Manual method of spot speed determination

Radar Method

used to find out the spot speed of the vehicles in Konni - Thannithode

adar speed gunis a device used to measure the speed of moving objects and work

principle that the speed of a moving body is proportional to the radio wave received back.



. Speeds of vehicles are automatically displayed on the digital display

as we switch the radio waves with every vehicle pass. The traffic volume of each road was counted

manually. The average speed of the traffic calculated from the above data over FP and

: Spot speed determination using Radar Speed Gun

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

[ISSN: 2455-1457]

terrain and passing through the forest land between chainage km 0/456 and 2/175. Since the road

75 is passing through the forest land, the hot mixing



ground and ICBP pavement is laid in midblock section for avoiding water stagnation.

Chittar road. A known


required for a moving vehicle to cover the above marked length through both flexible and ICB


Thannithoderoad.

works on the Doppler

wave received back. The



. Speeds of vehicles are automatically displayed on the digital display

The traffic volume of each road was counted

over FP and ICBP and


VI. OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS

The spot speeds over flexible and ICB pavement of vehicle are taken for comparing the speed

variation of a vehicle in a stretch of road. The observation includes the speed of bus, truck,

minitruck, car, auto rickshaw and motorbikes. For this purpose, both

methods were adopted for finding spot speeds.

6.1 Thannithode – Chittar Road

The manual method of spot speed determination was adopted in this road. A level and straight

portion of the road was selected for the study. A distance o

flexible and ICB pavement on adjacent section of the same road. Using synchronized stop watches

recorded the time required to travel the marked distance on each pavement of same road section by

the vehicle.

Table 1: Average speed of vehicle over ICBP and FP

30

39

23.73%

Over ICBP

Over FP

Average Speed

km/hBus

Reduction of speed

on ICBP

Figure 4: Av

0

10

20

30

40

50

Sp

eed

in

kp

h

0

10

20

30

40

50

Sp

eed

in

km

ph



OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS



minitruck, car, auto rickshaw and motorbikes. For this purpose, both manual and instrumental

methods were adopted for finding spot speeds.


portion of the road was selected for the study. A distance of 30 m length has been marked on both



: Average speed of vehicle over ICBP and FP

29 30 26 24

44 44 38 33

34.85% 31.82% 31.80% 29.34% 24.95%

Car Rikshaw Motor CycleTruck Mini Truck

: Avg. speed of vehicle over ICBP & FP

Bus Truck Mini

Truck

Car Rikshaw Motor

Cycle

Type of vehicles

a b cVehicle number

ICBP

FP


[ISSN: 2455-1457]



manual and instrumental


f 30 m length has been marked on both



27

35

24.95%

Motor Cycle


Table 2: Av

Figure 5: Avg. Speed of the Truck over ICB

Figure 6: Avg. Speed of the Mini Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Figure 7: Avg. Speed of the car over ICB & Flexible

Figure 8: Avg. Speed of the Autorikshaw over ICB & Flexible Pavement

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sp

eed

in

km

ph

0

10

20

30

40

50

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h

0

20

40

60

Sp

eed

in

km

ph

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h



Average Speed of the Bus over ICB & FP

: Avg. Speed of the Truck over ICBP & FP

: Avg. Speed of the Mini Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

: Avg. Speed of the car over ICB & Flexible Pavement

: Avg. Speed of the Autorikshaw over ICB & Flexible Pavement

1 2 3

Vehicle number

ICBP

FP

a b c d

Vehicle number

ICBP

FP

a b c d e f g h i jVehicle number

ICBP

FP

a b c d e f g h i

Vehicle number

ICBP

FP


[ISSN: 2455-1457]

: Avg. Speed of the Mini Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

: Avg. Speed of the Autorikshaw over ICB & Flexible Pavement


Figure 9: Avg. Speed of the Motor Cycle over ICB & Flexible Pavement

3.3.2 Konni - Thannithode Jn.

Table 3 : Av

Average Speed

Reduction of speed

on ICBP

Over ICBP

Over FP

Figure 10: Average speed of vehicle over ICBP and FP

Avg. Speed of the Bus over ICB & Flexible Pavement

0

20

40

60

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h

0

10

20

30

40

Sp

eed

in

kp

h

0

10

20

30

40

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h



: Avg. Speed of the Motor Cycle over ICB & Flexible Pavement

: Avg. speed of vehicles ICBP and FP

22 23 25 20 18 22

32 33 35 27 27 28

30.79% 32.40% 28.78% 25.40% 32.70% 21.62%

Bus Truck Mini Truck Car Rikshaw Motor Cycle

: Average speed of vehicle over ICBP and FP

Avg. Speed of the Bus over ICB & Flexible Pavement

a b c d e f g h iVehicle number

ICBP

FP

Bus Truck Mini Truck Car Rikshaw Motor Cycle

Type of vehicles

a b c dVehicle number

FP

ICBP


[ISSN: 2455-1457]

: Avg. Speed of the Motor Cycle over ICB & Flexible Pavement


Avg. Speed of the Truck over

Avg. Speed of the Mini Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Avg. Speed of the Car/Jeep over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Avg. Speed of the Autorikshaw over ICB & Flexible Pavement

0

10

20

30

40

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h

0

10

20

30

40S

pee

d i

n k

mp

h

0

10

20

30

40

a

Sp

eed

in

km

ph

0

10

20

30

40

a

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h



Avg. Speed of the Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Avg. Speed of the Mini Truck over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Avg. Speed of the Car/Jeep over ICB & Flexible Pavement

Avg. Speed of the Autorikshaw over ICB & Flexible Pavement

a b cVehicle number

FP

ICBP

a b c dVehicle number

FP

ICBP

a b c d e f g h i j k lVehicle number

FP

ICBP

a b c d e f g h i j k lVehicle number

FP

ICBP


[ISSN: 2455-1457]


Avg. Speed of the Motor Cycle over ICB & Flexible

VII. • The speed of vehicle over ICB pavement is less compared to flexible pavement and the

of Service is also being less.

• ICB pavement can be used as speed reduction device in speed restricted zones.

• Other speed reducing devices such as humps, rumple strips etc., are very inconvenient to fast

moving emergency services such as ambulance and fire and rescue service vehicles.

• Can be used as a speed reducing technique for a stretch of road rather than a point.

1. B.Shackel, “The Design of Interlocking Concrete Block pavements for road traffic

Transport and Road Research, CSIR, South Africa.

2. Prof. M.C.Nataraja and Lelin Das,SJCE Mysore

unconventional materials”, IOSR Journal-20

3. IS:15658:2006 on "Precast Concrete Blocks for Paving

4. IRC SP: 63-2004 "Guidelines for Use of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement" Indian Roads Congress.

5. IRC: SP: 49 – 1998: "Guidelines for Use of Dry Lean Concrete as Sub

Congress.

6. IRC:50-1973, "Recommended Design Criteria for Use of Cement Modified Soil in Road Construction.“

7. Muraleedharan, T., Sharma, S.D., Sridhar, S.K. an

Using Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement Technique," Proceeding, International Seminar on New Trends in Highway

Construction, New Delhi, pp 161-174, Nov-

8. Muraleedharan, T. and Nanda, P.K.,

Pavement – An Overview," The Indian Concrete Journal, pp 395

9. Sharma, S.D., "Interlocking Concrete

AllIndia Seminar on "Highways Development: Design, Construction, Operation and Repairs & Concrete Day

Celebration – Lucknow, 2008.

0

10

20

30

40

a

Sp

eed

in k

mp

h



Avg. Speed of the Motor Cycle over ICB & Flexible Pavement

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The speed of vehicle over ICB pavement is less compared to flexible pavement and the

ICB pavement can be used as speed reduction device in speed restricted zones.

devices such as humps, rumple strips etc., are very inconvenient to fast

moving emergency services such as ambulance and fire and rescue service vehicles.

Can be used as a speed reducing technique for a stretch of road rather than a point.

REFERENCES The Design of Interlocking Concrete Block pavements for road traffic”, National Institute for

Transport and Road Research, CSIR, South Africa.

Prof. M.C.Nataraja and Lelin Das,SJCE Mysore, “A study on the strength properties of paver blocks mad

20

on "Precast Concrete Blocks for Paving – Specification," Bureau of Indian Standards,

"Guidelines for Use of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement" Indian Roads Congress.

: "Guidelines for Use of Dry Lean Concrete as Sub-base for Rigid Pavement," Indian Roads

, "Recommended Design Criteria for Use of Cement Modified Soil in Road Construction.“

Muraleedharan, T., Sharma, S.D., Sridhar, S.K. and Nanda, P.K., "Face Lifting of Old Concrete Pavement


-1997.

Muraleedharan, T. and Nanda, P.K., (1992) "Application and Performance of Interlocking Concrete Block

An Overview," The Indian Concrete Journal, pp 395 -400, July 1992.

, "Interlocking ConcreteBlocks Pavement: New Approach inConstruction for

minar on "Highways Development: Design, Construction, Operation and Repairs & Concrete Day

a b c d e f g h i j k l m nVehicle number

FP

ICBP


[ISSN: 2455-1457]

The speed of vehicle over ICB pavement is less compared to flexible pavement and the Level

ICB pavement can be used as speed reduction device in speed restricted zones.

devices such as humps, rumple strips etc., are very inconvenient to fast

Can be used as a speed reducing technique for a stretch of road rather than a point.

”, National Institute for

, “A study on the strength properties of paver blocks made from

Specification," Bureau of Indian Standards,

"Guidelines for Use of Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement" Indian Roads Congress.

base for Rigid Pavement," Indian Roads

, "Recommended Design Criteria for Use of Cement Modified Soil in Road Construction.“

"Face Lifting of Old Concrete Pavement


(1992) "Application and Performance of Interlocking Concrete Block

Construction for Rural Roads,"

minar on "Highways Development: Design, Construction, Operation and Repairs & Concrete Day

a comparative study of speed on flexible and …...a comparative study of speed on flexible and...

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