a comparison of yield monitors - ms in agronomy · 2017. 4. 13. · top 25% weigh wagon top 25%...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Comparison of Yield Monitors versus Weigh Wagons
for On-Farm Corn Hybrid Evaluation
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Corn Breeding 101: A Lesson in Basic Corn Genetics. Tom Bechman September 2014.
Dekalb Area Agricultural Heritage Association, Inc.
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grain O vator 8GOV125. Four Star Manufacturing. Lewisburg, Tennessee
Grain Weigh GW-150Par-Kan Company. Silverlake, Indiana
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25
00
fee
t
80
0 f
eet
Hyb
rid
AH
ybri
d B
Hyb
rid
CH
ybri
d D
Hyb
rid
EH
ybri
d …
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Weigh Wagon Grain Cart Seed Tender
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Challenges with Traditional Strip Trials
• Small plot area harvested
• Similar weights measurements
• Wind
• Non representative grain sampling
• Measuring wheel error
• Transcription error
• Growers losing interest
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The Yield Book
Product Yield Moisture % Test Weight $ per Acre
Hybrid A 151.3 12.2 59.5 $ 870
Hybrid B 130.1 14.6 59.3 $ 748
Hybrid C 143.3 12.5 57.5 $ 824
Hybrid D 131.4 12.4 58.5 $ 756
Hybrid E 110.3 11.6 56.9 $ 634
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The Reality
The actual harvested area for Hybrid A is 0.213 acres
1748 - 1678 = 70 pounds or 1.25 bushels
Product Weight Length Width Yield Moisture % Test Weight
Hybrid A 1748 464 240 151.3 12.2 59.5
Hybrid B 1678 504 240 130.1 14.6 59.3
Hybrid C 1804 504 240 143.3 12.5 57.5
Hybrid D 1652 504 240 131.4 12.4 58.5
Hybrid E 1374 504 240 110.3 11.6 56.9
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Hyb
rid
AH
ybri
d B
Hyb
rid
CH
ybri
d D
Hyb
rid
EH
ybri
d …
Small Plot Area Harvested
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Similar Weight Measurements
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Wind
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Hyb
rid
A
Hyb
rid
B
Hyb
rid
C
Hyb
rid
D
Hyb
rid
E
Hyb
rid
…
Non-Representative Grain Sampling
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Measuring Wheel Error
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Transcription ErrorMeasurement Harvest Report Form Computer
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Today’s Farmer
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iPad
Combine Operation
Yield Monitor
Auto Steer
Smart Phone
Grain Cart Scale
Tank Camera
Global Positioning System
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Yield monitors provide a simpler and accurate method for on farm hybrid evaluation that overcomes existing
challenges with traditional weigh wagon methods.
Hypothesis
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Literature Review
• Darr et al. (2011) Distinguishing a 3 to 9 percent difference is possible.
• Risius (2014)A combine yield monitoring system should be able to provide an adequate representation of actual yield of harvested grain.
• There is very limited research completed in this area. There are few studies from the late 1990s and early 2000s; however, these are not current with advances in yield monitor accuracy.
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Objectives
• Compare corn hybrid testing using yield monitor versus weigh wagons.
• Statistically analyze the data using the correlation coefficient and regression analysis to determine predictability of yield monitors.
• Determine if a yield monitor matches a weigh wagon in ranking the top yielding 25% of corn hybrids in a plot.
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Materials and Methods
• Combine mounted yield monitor technology, weigh wagon, hand held moisture tester, measuring wheel.
• Measure and compare weight, moisture content, and yield.
• Six site years (two plots per year for three years).
• 195 total comparisons.
• Excel analysis for correlation coefficient and regression.
• Compare top 25% of hybrids for yield.
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Summary of Trials
Location YearWeigh Method Entries Rows
Length (feet)
Row Space
(inches)Area Harvested per plot (acres)
Wessington 2012 Grain Cart 12 12 2679 30 1.85Woonsocket 2012 Seed Tender 25 8 440 30 0.20Hitchcock 2013 Grain Cart 43 8 1090 30 0.50Wolsey 2013 Seed Tender 52 6 625 30 0.22Hitchcock 2014 Grain Cart 54 8 1080 30 0.50Yale 2014 Grain Cart 9 8 2354 30 1.08
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Results and Discussion
Location Year EntriesCorrelation Coefficient Regression Analysis
Wessington 2012 12 0.923 Y=-43.487+(1.030*X)
Woonsocket 2012 25 0.934 Y=39.951+(0.952*X)
Hitchcock 2013 43 0.984 Y=-516.138+(1.142*X)
Wolsey 2013 52 0.972 Y=-304.134+(1.123*X)
Hitchcock 2014 54 0.941 Y=1.855+(1.034*X)
Yale 2014 9 0.982 Y=150.724+(0.965*X)
Weighted Average 195 0.959
Summary Chart of the Correlation Coefficient
and Regression Analysis for Weight
Y =weight from the yield monitor in poundsX = weight from the weigh wagon pounds
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Results and Discussion
Location Year EntriesCorrelation Coefficient Regression Analysis
Wessington 2012 12 0.008 Y=11.243+(0.015*X)
Woonsocket 2012 25 0.864 Y=6.399+(0.510*X)
Hitchcock 2013 43 0.948 Y=3.776+(0.782*X)
Wolsey 2013 52 0.957 Y=2.058+(0.761*X)
Hitchcock 2014 54 0.931 Y=5.899+(0.656*X)
Yale 2014 9 0.963 Y=-0.801+(1.116*X)
Weighted Average 195 0.878
Summary Chart of the Correlation Coefficient
and Regression Analysis for Moisture
Y = grain moisture percent from yield monitorX = grain moisture percent from traditional tester (GAC2000 or mini GAC Plus)
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Results and Discussion
Location Year EntriesCorrelation Coefficient Regression Analyses
Wessington 2012 12 0.989 Y=4.152+(0.925*X)
Woonsocket 2012 25 0.910 Y=-13.034+(1.029*X)
Hitchcock 2013 43 0.963 Y=-10.034+(1.130*X)
Wolsey 2013 52 0.878 Y=-24.458+(1.094*X)
Hitchcock 2014 54 0.992 Y=2.537+(0.975*X)
Yale 2014 9 0.977 Y=1.195+(0.966*X)
Weighted Average 195 0.944
Summary Chart of the Correlation Coefficient
and Regression Analyses for Yield
Y = grain yield from yield monitor in bushels per acreX = grain yield from traditional calculations in bushels per acre
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Results and Discussion
Location Year Entries
Top 25% Weigh Wagon
Top 25% Yield
Monitor % MatchWessington 2012 12 3 3 100%Woonsocket 2012 25 6 4 64%Hitchcock 2013 43 11 8 74%Wolsey 2013 52 13 12 92%Hitchcock 2014 54 14 13 96%Yale 2014 9 2 2 100%Average 195 49 42 86%
Top 25% of hybrids
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Conclusions
Yield monitors can provide similar data compared to traditional weigh wagon methods.
• The larger sample size that is attainable with a yield monitor improves confidence in the results and wind is not a factor.• Moisture is tested throughout a strip rather than one sample, therefore a more representative measurement is evaluated.• GPS measures acres more accurately than a measuring wheel.• Data collection occurs immediately and accurately with the computer.• Corrections can occur if incorrect calibrations are determined.• Growers appreciate the simplicity and accuracy. There is a renewed interest in on farm testing.
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Conclusions
The high correlation coefficient value suggests that yield monitors can be used effectively in on farm evaluation with the following suggestions:
• Ensure the yield monitor is properly calibrated.• Harvest a large plot area for increased accuracy.
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Conclusions
In-Combine Hybrid Evaluation
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Best Practices
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Best Practices
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Best Practices
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Corrections?
Bushels production 24449.6 versus 30000.0
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Acknowledgments
• Thank you to my cooperators, Sales Agronomists, Dr. Roger Elmore, Dr. Andrew Lenssen, and my managers.