a critical health issue. 20% or 1 in 5 americans suffer from a mental illness in a given year ...
TRANSCRIPT
MENTAL DISORDERS
A Critical Health Issue
OVERVIEW: 20% or 1 in 5 Americans suffer from a
mental illness in a given year Mental Illness is more common than:
CancerDiabetesHeart Disease
50% of all individuals suffering from a mental disorder are going untreated
40% of all homeless people have some form of mental/emotional problem
20% of people in prison have a mental disorder
CAUSES: ORGANIC Biological Causes
Biochemical Disturbances
Genetics
Infections- can cause brain damage
Brain defects or injury
Prenatal damage
Poor nutrition, exposure to toxins
CAUSES: FUNCTIONAL Psychological Causes
Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse
An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent
Neglect
Poor ability to relate to others
CAUSES: ENVIRONMENTAL Death or divorce A dysfunctional family life Living in poverty Feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, anxiety,
anger or loneliness Changing jobs or schools Social or cultural expectations (For example, a
society that associates beauty with thinness can be a factor in the development of eating disorders.)
Substance abuse by the person or the person's parents
STRESS: Academic
Homesickness
Peer relationships
Family
Identity
Work
Illness
STIGMIZATION: Only 35% of people with diagnosable disorders seek treatment
The single most common barrier to seeking treatment is embarrassment
The stigma attached to mental illness continues to be a huge barrier and delay to early diagnosis and treatment
Secrecy
The “black sheep of the family” role
Isolation or Social Exclusion
Stereotypes
Discrimination
TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS: Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Personality Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
ANXIETY DISORDERS Panic Disorder
6 million Americans
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder – OCD 2.2 million Americans
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder – PTSD 7.7 million Americans
Phobias 6.2 million Americans
Generalized Anxiety Disorder – GAD 6.8 million Americans
ANXIETY DISORDERS: Affect about 40 million adults, the most
common of the all mental disorders Begin in childhood, adolescence and early
adulthood Occur slightly more often in women than in
men Commonly occur along with other
mental or physical illnesses, including alcohol or substance abuse, which may mask anxiety symptoms or make them worse
SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS: Feelings of panic, fear and uneasiness Uncontrollable, obsessive thoughts Repeated thoughts or flashbacks of traumatic
experiences Nightmares Ritualistic behaviors, such as repeated hand
washing Problems sleeping Cold or sweaty hands Shortness of breath Palpitations An inability to be still and calm Dry mouth Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet Nausea Muscle tension
MOOD DISORDERSCLINICAL DEPRESSION: WHO AND WHEN?
1 in 8 teens suffer from clinical depression Fewer than half seek treatment
Onset is most often occurs during the 24-44 year olds.
More than twice as many women than men suffer from clinical depression
1 of 4 women and 1 of 10 men develop depression during their lifetime
Family history, substance abuse, and stress increase risk
CLINICAL DEPRESSION:
An illness, not a weakness!
Serious disturbances in work, social, and physical functioning including suicidal thought
Not relieved by circumstances
May last for months or years untreated
Persistent and intense mood change
Situational/Adjustment – Related to a specific situation
Bereavement – Death of a loved one Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Clinical Depression Psychotic Depression Bipolar (Manic-Depressive Illness) Dysthymia Depression Post-Partum Depression – after
pregnancy
CAUSES OF DEPRESSION:
2% general population over a lifetime
Half of cases begin before age 20
Episodic extremes between states depressed state and excitable, euphoric/irritable, impulsive state
Strong family linkage
Occurs equally in men and women
MOOD DISORDERS – BIPOLAR DISORDER:
SYMPTOMS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER: Symptoms of mania ("the highs"):
“Silver Linings Playbook” Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement
Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile
Restlessness
Rapid speech and poor concentration
Increased energy and less need for sleep
Tendency to make grand and unattainable plans
Tendency to show poor judgment, such as deciding to quit a job
Drug and alcohol abuse
Increased impulsivity
SYMPTOMS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER During depressive periods ("the lows”) symptoms
include: Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Loss of enjoyment from things that once were pleasurable Difficulty concentrating Uncontrollable crying Difficulty making decisions Irritability Increased need for sleep Insomnia A change in appetite causing weight loss or gain Thoughts of death or suicide Attempting suicide
POST – TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: Can develop after a person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic or
terrifying event in which serious physical harm occurred or was threatened. Victims of trauma related to physical and sexual assault face the greatest risk.
PTSD is a lasting consequence of traumatic ordeals that cause intense fear, helplessness, or horror, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one, an accident, war, or natural disaster.
Families of victims can also develop post-traumatic stress disorder, as can emergency personnel and rescue workers.
Can develop at any age, including
childhood. Women are more likely to
develop it than men. Due to the fact
that women are more likely to be victims
of domestic violence, abuse and rape.
SYMPTOMS OF PTSD: Symptoms of PTSD most often
begin within three months of the event.
In some cases, they do not begin until years later.
The severity and duration of the illness vary. Some people recover within six month, while others suffer much longer.
Symptoms are grouped into three main categories, including re-living, avoiding, and increased arousal
American Sniper
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER: Common obsessions include:
Fear of dirt or contamination by germs. Fear of causing harm to another. Hoarding – Fear of losing something (again)Fear of being embarrassed or behaving in a
socially unacceptable manner. Fear of thinking evil or sinful thoughts. Need for order, symmetry or exactness. Excessive doubt and the need for constant
reassurance “Checking and Cleaning”
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: Personality disorders: Individuals have extreme
and inflexible personality traits that are distressing to the person and/or cause problems in work, school or social relationships.
In addition, the person's patterns of thinking and behavior significantly differ from the expectations of society and are so rigid that they interfere with the person's normal functioning.
Examples include antisocial personality disorder (Joker), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder ( Black Swan) and paranoid personality disorder.
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: This disorder most often first appear when a person is in his or her
late teens, 20s or 30s. They affect men and women about equally.
Schizophrenia: “A Beautiful Mind” People with this illness have changes in
behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and hallucinations -- that last longer
than six months, usually with a
decline in work, school and social
functioning.
Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have sudden, short periods of
psychotic behavior, often in response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the family. Usually lasts less than a month.
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS: Individuals suffer severe disturbances or
changes in memory, consciousness, identity, and general awareness of themselves and their surroundings.
These disorders usually are associated with overwhelming stress, which may be the result of traumatic events, accidents or disasters that may be experienced or witnessed by the individual.
Dissociative identity disorder, formerly called multiple personalitydisorder, or "split personality“
SOMATOFORM DISORDERS: A person with a somatoform disorder, formerly
known as psychosomatic disorder, experiences physical symptoms of an illness even though a doctor can find no medical cause for the symptoms.
Hypochondria is an example of a somatoform disorder. Hypochondria
There will be legitimate physical problems but no physical cause…often related to stressors
TREATMENT OF DISORDERS: Medication-Medicines used to reduce the symptoms of
anxiety disorders include anti-depressants and anxiety-reducing medications.
Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) - addresses the emotional response to mental illness. It is a process in which trained mental health professionals help people by talking through strategies for understanding and dealing with their disorder.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy: People suffering from disorders often participate in this type of psychotherapy in which the person learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that lead to troublesome feelings.
GUESS THE DISORDER?
Binge Eating Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
Schizophrenia
Dysthymic DepressionNarcissistic Disorder ADD-ADHD
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder