a distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (dream)* stefano basagni irnrich chlamtac violet r....
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A Distance RoutingEffect Algorithm for Mobility
(DREAM)*
Stefano BasagniIrnrich ChlamtacViolet R. Syrotiuk
Barry A. Woodward
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Outline
• Introduction• DREAM -Dissemination of Location Informat
ion -A model of DREAM -DREAM procedure • Simulations and Results• Conclusion
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Introduction
• Old problem for Ad hoc network routing:
-Proactive: it corresponds to a next hop table lookup, sequence is not explicit;
-Reactive: the movement of any node in the sequence renders the path invalid.
• A new definition of routing table entry is needed
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Dissemination of Location Information
(DREAM)
• Each node transmits control messages bearing its current location to all the others. (e.g. geographic coordinates; obtained by the use of GPS [7])
• The frequency with which these control messages is determined by:
-distance effect
-mobility rate
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Dissemination of Location Information (control message)
• We assign each control packet a life time
• A majority of the packets have a “short” life time: short lived packets are sent at high frequency, and “die” after they have traveled.
• Long lived packets, sent less frequently, travel farther through the network.
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A Model for DREAM
• S sends a message to node R, it refers to its LT (Location Table) in order to retrieve location information about R.
• S selects from among its neighbors those nodes that are in the direction of R
• It is guaranteed that R can be found with a given probability p, 0< p <1, following result in that direction.
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A Model for DREAM
• The time interval from t0 to tl, tl > t0• x = (tl – t0)v• Node R, whose speed is v, cannot be anyw
here outside the circle C• one hop neighbors those nodes A, directi
on A. lies within the range [θ- α, θ+ α] • Angle α must be chosen in a way that the
probability of finding R in the sector S is at least p.
• we want to find a minimum value for α
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A Model for DREAM (method of finding α)-1
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A Model for DREAM (method of finding α)-2
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Distance Routing Effect Algorithm
for Mobility (DREAM procedure)
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Distance Routing Effect Algorithm
for Mobility (DREAM procedure)
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Distance Routing Effect Algorithmfor Mobility (DREAM procedure:
Recovery)
• Its actual implementation may vary, depending on the characteristic of the network.
• For instance, flooding
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Simulations Results
• Simulated our DREAM protocol using MAISIE [1]
• Placing n = 30 nodes randomly on a grid of size 100 x 100.
• we assume that each node has the same speed V• given in grid units per 100 ticks of the simulation
clock• average end-to-end delay
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Conclusions
• Simulation results showed that with over 80% probability this method can find a route to a given node. (if any exists)
• The average end-to-end delays with respect to the DSR reactive protocol are lower.
• DREAM protocol provides loopfree routes, and is robust in providing multiple routes.