a dynamic analysis of the production of gospel texts

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44 2020 168 Journal for the Study of Christian Culture A Dynamic Analysis of the Production of Gospel Texts HOU Chunlin Introduction to the author HOU Chunlin, Associate Professor, School of Chinese Language and Literature, Institute of Comparative Literature and Culture, Henan University. Email: [email protected]

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44 2020168

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

A Dynamic Analysis of the Production ofGospel Texts

HOU Chunlin

Introduction to the authorHOU Chunlin, Associate Professor, School of Chinese Language and Literature,

Institute of Comparative Literature and Culture, Henan University.Email: [email protected]

No. 44 Autumn 2020

169

Abstract

The Gospel was never a ready-made text, but was formed through an extremely complex, dynamic process, with stages of writing, canonization, copying and revising. In light of the western Marxist theory of Textual Production, the production process of the Gospel can be divided into two periods, according to the different type of production mechanism: manual duplication and mechanical duplication. Analysis shows that whether by manual reproduction or mechanical reproduction the Gospel has been adulterated with a variety of ideological elements during the process of text generation, and subtle changes in the text have exerted a particular ideological effect in history. The confrontation and reconciliation between different ideologies led to a series of important theological disputes, which were important in the construction and shaping of early Christianity, and are vividly seen in the early dynamic formation of the Gospel texts.

Keywords: Gospel, text production theory, ideology, canonization, transmission of ancient text

44 2020170

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

* 66

2019CXTD006

2017CZX020 [This paper is supported by the following

funds: The 66th Post-doctoral Research Fund Research on the Economic Ideas in the Bible and

Its Mechanism; Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Team Cultivation Program of Henan

University (Project No.: 2019CXTD006); Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Henan Province (Project No: 2017CZX020).]

1844 3

2002 267 [Karl Marx, “The economic philosophy manuscript of 1844,” in , vol. 3 (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2002), 267.]

2 1972

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1.

No. 44 Autumn 2020

171

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DAI Kan, , no. 1(1983): 37.] 2003

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2.

44 2020172

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

Pierre Macherey, (London: Routledge& Kegan Paul, 1978), 95.

No. 44 Autumn 2020

173

2010 77 [Terry Eagleton, “Introduction to Jesus Christ: The Gospels,” trans.

ZHAO Wenqiong, , vol. 23(2010):77.]

Fernando Belo, , trans. Matthew J. O’Connell

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(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993) Ibid., 32-33.

Fernando Belo

44 2020174

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

Bart D. Ehrman

3.

Fernando Belo, , trans. Matthew J. O’Connell

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, no. 4 (1996): 63

No. 44 Autumn 2020

175

37 Steven L. Mekenzie and Stephen R. Haynes, eds., (Louisville,

Kentueky: Westminster JohnKnox Press, 1999), 35-37. 77 M Q L

31-32

“ ”

18 19

44 2020176

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

civitas

23

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, vol. 23(2010):107.]

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177

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Leslie Howsam and Scott McLaren, “Producing the Text: Production and Distribution

of Popular Editions of the Bible,” in

, eds. James Carleton Paget and Joachim Schaper (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press), 2016, 62.

2 4

44 2020178

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

“ ”

“ ”

“ ” Walter Bauer,

(Philadelphia: Fortress Press), 1971; James D.N. Dunn,

(London: SCM Press), 1977 Larry W. Hurtado and Chris Keith, “Writing and book production in the Hellenistic

and Roman periods,” in ,

eds. James Carleton Paget and Joachim Schaper (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press),

2016, 69.

E. F. Harrison, (Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing

Company, 1968) (Oxford University

Press 1967), 987.

449 divine

person

Ebionite

No. 44 Autumn 2020

179

Leslie Howsam and Scott McLaren,

, 149.

1 40

44

1 40-44

Codex Bezae

SPLANGNISTHEIS

ORGISTHEIS

SPLANGNISTHEIS

ORGISTHEIS

44 2020180

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

130-136

Justo L. González, (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox

Press, 2005), 137-139

K. G. Kummel, (London: SCM Press, 1975), 487. Michael Slusser, “The Heart of Irenaeus's Theology in Scripture,” in

, eds. Paul Foster and Sara Parivis (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012), 135-139.

SPLANGNISTHEIS ORGISTHEIS

22:17-20

No. 44 Autumn 2020

181

Bruce R. Metzger,

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), 72. David Brakke, (Cambridge,

Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2010), 103.

2001 75 [ , ed. Eric K.

C. Wong (Hongkong: Chinese Literature Council Ltd., 2001), 75.]

27:46

72a

44 2020182

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

16

1515

1514

Ximenez de Cisneros

1522

Brakke, 191.

2001 5-6 [Walter Benjamin, trans. WANG Caiyong (Beijing: China City Press, 2001), 5-6.]

Jacob van Bruggen, (Winnipeg, Man.: Premier,

1976), 53-54.]

16 12

12

No. 44 Autumn 2020

183

Schniedewind, “Writing and Book Production in the Ancient Near East,” 53. P. C. Allen, (New York: Russell & Russell, 1963), 127.

John Man, (New York:

John Wiley and Sons, 2002), 19.

5 7 8

16

15

44 2020184

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

Brian Elliott, (London: Routledge, 2011), 158.] Schniedewind, “Writing and Book Production in the Ancient Near East,” 65. Richard A. Horsley, (New York: Continuum, 1994), 8.

J. N. D. Kelly, , rev. ed. (New York: Harper Collins Publishers,

1978), 340.

Colin J. D. Greene, (Grand

Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2004), 135-137.

451

No. 44 Autumn 2020

185

49 17

1600

80-81

Martin Marty

25000

50000

the Humanities and Political Interests,” in , eds. David

A. Hoekem and Bobby Fong (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997),

15 13

Norman K. Gottwald,

(New York:

Orbis, 1979), 47

44 2020186

Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

2002

24 [YANG Huilin, (Haerbin: Heilongjiang

People's Publishing House, 2002), 24.]

No. 44 Autumn 2020

187

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