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A FACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION OF INDIAN ARMY
PERSONNEL
Dr. SAMIR KUMAR 1
Dr.SANDEEP NATH MODI 2
1Sr.Manager, Syndicate Bank, is presently on deputation as Faculty at National Institute of Financial
Management, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Faridabad, Haryana-121001.
2Manager, Syndicate Bank, is presently on deputation as Faculty at National Institute of Financial
Management, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Faridabad,Haryana–121001.
“The safety, honour & welfare of your country comes first, always & every time. The honour, welfare
& comfort of the men you command, come next. Your own ease, comfort & safety come last, always &
every time.”
-Philip Chetwode
Abstract
Motivation refers to factors that demonstrate behavior that is characterized by willingness and decision.
In the military, motivation plays an important role as a highly motivated force is essential to succeed in
military operations. History has amply proved that even quantitatively inferior armies have been able to
win battles and conflicts due to their fighting spirit, aggressiveness and high morale fostered by
motivation. Studies in the military also indicate that motivation among soldiers is a critical factor in
managing human resource in the military. A military commander‘s role in motivation is to understand
the needs, desires and in all aspirations of his subordinates. The present study is an attempt to explore
the factors that affect the motivation of Indian defense personnel during the war /war like situation. The
study highlights some factors that motivate army personnel during war/warlike situation and some factor
that motivate during peace time.
Key Words: Motivation, Peace, War, Attitude, Perception
JEL Classification: H56, I38, L88, O15
1. Backdrop
Indian Army is home to some of the bravest men in the world. Indian armed force is the world's second
largest and its warriors are viewed as best in Mountain and High Altitude warfare. The Indian Army
guards one of the most complex InternationalBorders, Line of Control and Line of Actual Control.
Indian northern border carries on like a combat zone all around the year. Nobody merits the title of a
"legend" more than a soldier. The daring men and women of the Indian Armed Force stay away from
their families miss each critical thing in their lives and give up their lives just so that rest of the nation
can be with its friends and family and sleep peacefully at night. The Indian Army is the biggest
voluntary army and, next to China, the second largest armyin the world. It is also a large conglomeration
of values, experience, regimentation, customs, traditions, ethos and culture.
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1.1History including Various Missions Undertaken by Indian Army
1.1. A History
Royal Indian Army was created under the British Empire. Initially the Units comprised of Indian
soldiers officered by British Officers. Subsequently the officers were inducted from India also. The
Indian Army participated in various battles across the world with distinction. During partition the Army
was divided into Indian Army and Pakistan Army. After independence Indian and Pakistan Army has
fought in a number of battles as covered in succeeding paragraphs.
1.1. B.First Kashmir War (1947)
Kashmir was a Muslim dominated state and was being ruled by a Hindu king Maharaja Hari Singh. In
1948, Pakistan invaded Kashmir to integrate it to its territory. The operation was launched by regular
Pakistan Army in disguise of tribals. Hari Singh requested assistance from India and signed instrument
of accession to India. Indian Army secured the Kashmir valley and a ceasefire was reached with the Line
of Control (LOC) being the demarcating line. Pakistan side of Kashmir is called as Pakistan Occupied
Kashmir (POK).
1.1. C.Sino-Indian War (1962)
The cause of the war was a dispute over the sovereignty of the widely separated Aksai Chin and
Arunachal Pradesh border regions. India insisted on accepting Mac Mohan line as the line demarcating
the two countries. This was not acceptable to China and it also suspected India‘s involvement in Tibet.
China launched a full-fledged war and the Indian Army was taken by surprise.
1.1. D.Indo-Pak War of 1965
Emboldened by the Chinese debacle Pakistani President Ayub Khan launched Operation Gibraltar in
August 1965. Pakistani leaders believed that India, which was still recovering from the disastrous Sino-
Indian War, would be unable to deal with a military offensive and a Kashmiri rebellion. India reacted in
an offensive manner and inflicted heavy casualties to Pakistan.Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Prime
Minister of India gave the slogan of ―Jai Jawan Jai Kissan‖ and led from front. The war culminated into
Tashkent Agreement of 1966 and status quo was maintained.
1.1. E.Indo-Pak War of 1971: Liberation of Bangladesh
During Independence Pakistan comprised of East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (Now
Pakistan). West Pakistan controlled most of the assets and committed atrocities on East Pakistan people.
During the elections held in 1971. Sheikh Mujibur Rehman from East Pakistan won the general elections
but the same was not honoured by Pakistan. The increased atrocities on the population resulted in large
influx of people from East Pakistan to India. It created a huge refugee problem. On the other hand Mukti
Bahini was organized to fight the unjust Pakistan. The war between India and Pakistan led to decisive
defeat of Pakistan, surrender of 93000 soldiers by Pak General AAK Niazi to Lieutenant General Jagjit
Singh Arora and ultimately the liberation of Bangladesh.
1.1. F.Operation Meghdoot
Siachen Glacier is in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. The LOC was demarcated only up to NJ
9842 and beyond that there was no official demarcation between India and Pakistan. As a result neither
India nor Pakistan maintained a permanent military presence in the region till 1980. Pakistan was giving
permission for mountaineering expedition and the area was shown as part of Pakistan in the US maps.
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Irked by this India launched operation in Apr 1984 and evicted Pakistan and occupied dominating
positions in the area. The line between India and Pakistan beyond NJ9842 up to Indira col is known as
Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL). The terrain and weather in this region is extremely inhospitable
and requires a very high degree of physical, mental and medical fitness besides a very high level of
motivation to survive in the area.
1.1. G. Counter Insurgency Operations
A large portion of Indian Army is involved in fighting terrorists and insurgents in Jammu & Kashmir
and in the North East. The aim is to restore normalcy in these regions. The Indian Army has launched a
number of successful operations to flush out these anti national elements. These operations demand a
very high level of motivation, courage and grit.
1.1. H. Kargil War
During 1999 Pakistani regular Army occupied important heights dominating NH 1A from Srinagar to
Leh. By occupying these heights, Pakistan could interfere with the movement of Indian convoy. Indian
Army launched the ―Operation Vijay‖ and recaptured the famous heights of Tiger Hill and Tololing and
forced Pakistani troops to withdraw. Besides all other factors, a high level of motivation was the most
vital ingredient of victory in this inhospitable and difficult terrain
1.2Rank Structure:
The Indian Army is the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces with Indian Air Force and Indian
Navy being the other two components. President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian
Armed Forces and hence is the Commander in Chief of the Indian Army. Indian Army is headed by
Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) who is a four star General. Indian Army is organized into a number of
operational Commands. The Army Commands have 2-3 Corps which has 2-3 Divisions. The Divisions
Comprise of 3-4 Brigades which consist of three Battalions.Table-1 explains the hierarchy in Indian
Army—
Table:1-Rank Structure
Commissioned
Officers: Junior Commissioned Officers
Non Commissioned Officers
Field Marshal Subedar Major Havildar
General Subedar Naik
Lieutenant General Naib Subedar Lance Naik and Sepoy
Major General
Brigadier
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
2. Objective of the study:
This research seeks to study and analyse the following pertinent questions:-
To appreciate and evaluate the factors that motivates the officers working in INDIAN ARMY to
perform to its best.
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To list out the positive and negative factors affecting the motivation and way INDIAN ARMY
deals with negative factors of motivation.
Up to what extent the non-financial benefits like good health & safety norms, effective
performance appraisal method, equal opportunities treatment, training and career developing
schemes of the organization motivates the officers of the INDIAN ARMY.
3. Scope of the study:
The scope of this study is limited to factors those are responsible for high motivation amongst the
officers of Indian Army in operations as well as during peace time. This study is limited to the officers in
the rank of Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel posted in Delhi area and its vicinity.
Endeavour is also being made to obtain inputs from operational areas as well as from training
establishments and have a bigger sample size.
4.Literature Review:
4.1What is Motivation?
Motivation has been derived from the word Movere which literally means ―To Move‖ or ―To Act‖. It
refers to the factors which move or activate a person. It is the inner state of mind that activates and
directs our behavior. It can be said to be willingness to exert high level of efforts towards organizational
goals. It is always internal to us and is externalized via our behavior. A single motive can cause different
behaviors and different motives may result in single behavior. Motives come and go as it interacts with
the environment. The process of motivation has three elements (Figure-1)
(Figure-1)
4.2 Hierarchy of Needs:
Abraham Maslow explained(Figure-2) the needs in a hierarchical order. He argued that human beings
are wantinganimals that are they have desires. A human being essentially works to fulfill his desire.
The order of needs starts from basic survival or lower order needs to higher order needs. As one level
of need is satisfied next higher order need will emerge and assume importance in life.
Physiological needs: These are the most basic needs which are important for basic survival of human
being. These include food, water, shelter and clothing and hence occupy the lowest step in the ladder.
These needs manifest in the form of hunger, thirst pain and motivate a person to achieve these needs.
Once these needs are fulfilled, a person is no longer motivated to strive for these needs but he tries to
work for higher needs.
Safety& Security needs: When the physiological needs are satisfied safety and security needs
become the dominant factor in life. Safety needs are mainly concerned with earning that much to
make survival secure.
Motive
Prompt for action
Goals
To be achieved
Behaviour
Series of activities
to be undertaken
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Figure-2
Social (Love and Belongingness) needs: These are the needs of making close relation with other
members of the society.
The Esteem needs: Needs related to respect from others like reputation, status, social success and
fame. The needs to have superior possession than others to be respected form part of Esteem Needs.
Self-actualization: When all other needs are fulfilled a person strives to attain self-actualization
needs. He aims to do a task he feels he is best at. It refers to the desire for self-fulfillment that is to
translate yourself to what you actually are..
4.3 Herzberg’s two factor theory
Frederick Herzberg proposed two-factor theory also called as motivator-hygiene theory in 1959.
The two-factor theory (Figure-3) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job
satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. The two factors are as under:-
Hygiene/Maintenance factors-The factors that neither motivate nor demotivate that is they maintain
status quo are Hygiene / maintenance factors. These may include company policy, administration,
supervision, working conditions, inter-personal relations and security aspects.
Figure-3
Motivators-The Motivational factors in Two Factor Theory can be broadly compared to the fourth
and fifth level of Need Hierarchy Theory. It broadly comprises of esteem and self-actualization
factors. These may include achievement, recognition, job enrichment, responsibility, growth and
salary.
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5. Research Methodology Adopted for Current Study:
The study undertaken now is on the Motivational Tools for Officers in Indian Army. As this kind of
study has been undertaken for the first time, the nature of the study is exploratory and descriptive in
nature. Sources of information for the purpose of this project study, primary data was collected &
observation study was made.
5.1Research design
Analytical Research Design has been used in the study. Surveys and fact finding enquiries are called
descriptive analytical research. In this method, researcher has no control over the variables. In
analytical research, researcher uses facts or information already available to make a critical evaluation
of the thing under reference.
5.2 Data Source-Primary and Secondary
Primary data –. The primary data in this study was collected from the officers of Indian Army. For
this purpose questionnaire was framed on word document and the primary data was collected by
getting the questionnaire filled by150 officers of Indian Army. The questionnaire was prepared in
consultation of experts and the literature review. The questionnaire contains 46attributes under two
broad factors that is motivating factors during war and war like situations and factors both in war/ war
like situations or in peace.
Secondary data –The use of secondary data is very less in present study due to its non-availability in
public domain.
5.3Sample size
Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from 150 officersof the rank of Captain,
Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonels located in Delhi/NCR region, posted in field formations and
undergoing training at NIFM, Faridabad. 46 Questions were asked consisting of various attributes
from 150 participants who took training during the year 2015-17. Each respondent were asked to
indicate on 6 point scale.
5.Limitation of Study
The scope of this study is limited to factors those are responsible for high motivation amongst the
officers of Indian Army during war/war like situations as well as during peace time. This study is
limited to the Army officers in the rank of Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonels mainly
posted in Delhi, Field Formations and training establishments. The collection of sample involved
visits and distribution of questionnaires rather than interviewing the officers. The author felt that
questionnaire method would generate rich data while at the same time minimizing the time and effort
required of the respondents. The response to the questionnaires through email was not effective and
forthcoming due to various reasons. Army officers who are either undergoing the PDGM course or
have undergone similar course in past were found to be more cooperative and prompt in filling up the
questionnaire. The support from other officers became forthcoming when the purpose and objective
was explained to them in person. The study has following limitations:-
Highly
Motivating
6
Sometimes
Motivating
5
Neither
Motivating or
De-motivating
4
Sometimes
De-Motivating
3
Very
De-
motivating
2
Not
applicable
1
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The data was collected through questionnaire. The responds from the respondents may not be
accurate.
The sample taken for the study was only 150 and the results drawn may not be accurate.
Since the organization has strict controls, it acts as another barrier forgetting data.
Another difficulty was very limited time-span of the project.
6. Factors Effecting Motivation of Officers of Indian Army:
As stated above,the questionnaire containing 46 items under two broad factors that is motivating
factors during war and war like situations and factors both in war/ war like situations or in peace.
Table-2 :Communalities (War/Warlike Situation)
Initial Extraction
Nation Honour 1.000 .843
Unit Ki Izzat 1.000 .618
No Religious affiliation 1.000 .855
Family traditions of sacrifice 1.000 .886
Role models 1.000 .794
Gallantry Awards 1.000 .855
Recognition 1.000 .865
Monetary benefits 1.000 .808
Government Support 1.000 .895
Clothing, Equipment and ration 1.000 .897
Fear of failure 1.000 .838
Medical facilities 1.000 .905
Logistics support 1.000 .907
Promotion prospects 1.000 .791
No Fear of death/disability 1.000 .781
Fear of unknown 1.000 .857
Strong National sentiments 1.000 .725
Separation from family 1.000 .656
Apathy of civil administration 1.000 .891
Rest and relief 1.000 .510
Camaraderie 1.000 .626
Praises and recognition 1.000 .798
Growth Opportunities 1.000 .827
Training Standard 1.000 .786
Image of the organization 1.000 .805
Monotony and isolation 1.000 .745
Negative Emotions 1.000 .926
Recreation .facilities 1.000 .883
Mentoring by seniors 1.000 .781
Inclusiveness 1.000 .750
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
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30 questions consisting of different attributes asked to respondents to identify the factors of
motivation during war/warlike time and 16 different attribute based questions asked to same
respondents to identify the factors of motivation of army personnel during peace time were analyzed
with the help of SPSS separately. A comparative analysis of all output tables generated by SPSS is
given below for the comprehensive interpretation---
6.1Communalities:It indicates how much of each variable is accounted for by the underlying factors
taken together .In other words; it is a measure of the percentage of variables ‗variation that is
explained by the factors. The communality value which should be more than 0.5 to be considered for
further analysis. Else these variables are to be removed from further steps factor analysis. The table no
2 and table no-3 given below shows us the Communalities (War/Warlike Situation) and
Communalities (Peace Time) for of the respective attributes based on the Principal Component
Analysis.
Table- 3 : Communalities (Peace Time)
Initial Extraction
Leave policies 1.000 .749
LTC facilities 1.000 .869
Terminal benefits 1.000 .801
Subsidized family Quarters 1.000 .869
Advances from AGIF 1.000 .847
Houses from AWHO 1.000 .871
Concise and clear aim 1.000 .816
Decision after Healthy discussion 1.000 .896
Effective planning and coordination 1.000 .885
Clear distribution of task 1.000 .907
Adventurous life 1.000 .865
Promotional prospects 1.000 .881
Job Satisfaction 1.000 .839
Fast track Growth 1.000 .722
Open appraisal system 1.000 .835
Improvement in Appraisal System 1.000 .714
Appraisal of Seniors by juniors 1.000 .862
Simplified Appraisal System 1.000 .833
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
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6.2 Scree Plot: The scree plot is a graph of the Eigenvalues against all the factors. The graph is useful
for determining how many factors to retain. The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten.
It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten between after 8 factors in the figure no-4. It can be noted
that factor 8 onwards have an eigenvalue of less than 1, so only eight factors have been retained for
war/war like situation. Similarly scree plot becomes flat after the factor 3,which means factor 3
onwards have an eigenvalue of less than 1, so only three factors have been retained for Peace time.
Figure- 4: Scree Plot (War/Warlike Situation) Figure-5: ScreePlot (Peace Time)
6.3 Total Variance Explained:
The table no. 4 shows us the actual factors that were extracted under war/war like situation. If we look
at the section labelled ―Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings,‖ it shows us only those factors that met
our cut-offCriterion (extraction method).In this case, there were eight factors with eigenvalues greater
than 1. SPSS always extracts as many factors initially as there are variables in the dataset, but the rest
of these didn‘t make the grade. The ―% of variance‖ column tells us how much of the total variability
(in all of the variables together) can be accounted for by each of these summary scales or factors.
Factor 1 accounts for 16.83 % of the variability and factor 8 accounts for 5.78 % in all 30 variables,
and so on.
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Table – 4: Total Variance Explained (War/War like time)
Compo
nent
Table - 4 : Total Variance Explained (War/war like situation)
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Rotation Sums of Squared
Loadings
Total % of
Variance
Cumula
tive %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulati
ve %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulat
ive %
1 8.158 27.193 27.193 8.158 27.193 27.193 5.050 16.834 16.834
2 4.068 13.562 40.754 4.068 13.562 40.754 4.077 13.590 30.424
3 3.030 10.101 50.856 3.030 10.101 50.856 3.212 10.706 41.130
4 2.414 8.046 58.901 2.414 8.046 58.901 2.983 9.943 51.073
5 2.134 7.114 66.015 2.134 7.114 66.015 2.865 9.550 60.623
6 1.711 5.702 71.718 1.711 5.702 71.718 2.266 7.555 68.178
7 1.511 5.036 76.754 1.511 5.036 76.754 1.919 6.395 74.573
8 1.076 3.588 80.342 1.076 3.588 80.342 1.731 5.768 80.342
9 .920 3.067 83.409
10 .753 2.509 85.917
11 .684 2.279 88.196
12 .570 1.900 90.097
13 .526 1.755 91.852
14 .421 1.403 93.255
15 .349 1.162 94.417
16 .311 1.036 95.453
17 .293 .976 96.428
18 .275 .917 97.345
19 .166 .552 97.897
20 .148 .493 98.390
21 .120 .399 98.789
22 .107 .356 99.145
23 .067 .223 99.367
24 .055 .183 99.550
25 .050 .165 99.715
26 .026 .088 99.804
27 .025 .083 99.887
28 .018 .061 99.947
29 .011 .037 99.984
30 .005 .016 100.000
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Similarly, Table -5 shows total variance explained during peace time .Three factors has been
identified .Factor 1 accounts for 48.03 % ,Factor 2 accounts for 24.28 % and factor 3 accounts for
11.30 % of the variability in all 16 variables.
6.4. Summary of the Exploratory Factorial Analysis of Motivation
During War/War like Time:
Table -6 has identified eight factors which motivates our army personnel which motivates them
during war /war like time. These factors are ---- Affiliation with Unit, Inspirational Leadership,
Recognition, Self-esteem, Feeling valued, Negative Emotion, Family Backup, and Tradition.
Table - 5 : Total Variance Explained (Peace Time)
Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared
Loadings
Rotation Sums of Squared
Loadings
Total % of
Varian
ce
Cumulati
ve %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulati
ve %
Total % of
Variance
Cumulati
ve %
1 11.32
5
62.918 62.918 11.325 62.918 62.918 8.655 48.083 48.083
2 2.252 12.513 75.430 2.252 12.513 75.430 4.371 24.285 72.368
3 1.483 8.240 83.670 1.483 8.240 83.670 2.034 11.301 83.670
4 .696 3.866 87.535
5 .460 2.558 90.094
6 .380 2.110 92.203
7 .349 1.937 94.141
8 .302 1.678 95.819
9 .195 1.083 96.902
10 .171 .951 97.853
11 .135 .749 98.602
12 .085 .471 99.073
13 .063 .351 99.424
14 .048 .267 99.691
15 .024 .132 99.823
16 .012 .067 99.890
17 .011 .063 99.952
18 .009 .048 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
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Table -6: Rotated Component Matrix(War/Warlike Situation)
Attachm
ent
To Unit
Inspirational
Leadership
Recogniti
on
Self
Esteem
Feeling
Valued
Negative
Emotion
Family
Backup
Traditi
on
Nation Honour .014 .345 -.088 .010 .011 -.219 -.800 .168
Unit Ki Izzat .066 .701 -.169 .193 .145 -.053 -.166 .075
No Religious affiliation .860 -.116 -.010 -.027 -.192 .080 .098 .220
Family traditions of
sacrifice
-.328 -.252 .235 -.116 .086 .087 .103 .788
Role models .034 .045 -.098 .847 .026 .209 -.137 .017
Gallantry Awards -.229 -.446 .630 -.277 -.272 -.129 .049 .194
Recognition -.070 .114 -.111 .826 .199 -.318 .105 .035
Monetary benefits -.185 -.112 .775 -.301 .060 -.047 .200 .153
Government Support .287 .316 .054 -.007 .831 -.073 -.004 .119
Clothing, Equipment
and ration
.732 .242 -.115 .164 .493 -.075 -.117 .011
Fear of failure -.645 -.411 -.038 -.402 .253 -.065 .125 .069
Medical facilities .816 .310 -.191 .066 .177 .199 -.172 -.030
Logistics support .721 .377 -.163 .170 .390 .180 .070 -.036
Promotion prospects .404 .248 .645 .083 .271 .255 .022 -.067
No Fear of
death/disability
.043 -.282 .521 -.054 .459 -.057 .435 -.147
Fear of unknown .585 -.313 .280 -.347 .183 -.137 .386 -.129
Strong National
sentiments
.360 .337 -.156 .666 .067 -.013 .045 .082
Separation from family -.137 .075 .176 .006 -.233 .088 .694 .239
Apathy of civil
administration
-.325 -.069 -.008 -.183 -.007 .168 .060 -.846
Rest and relief .210 .371 .026 .147 .050 .549 .041 .032
Camaraderie -.165 .599 .034 .191 .111 .309 -.227 -.206
Praises and recognition .083 .218 .682 .504 -.026 -.086 -.030 -.124
Growth Opportunities -.164 .000 .814 -.181 -.253 .070 .092 .166
Training Standard .087 .857 .132 .078 .069 -.125 -.015 -.008
Image of the
organization
.097 .627 .068 .112 .576 -.204 -.110 .003
Monotony and isolation .241 -.026 -.067 -.370 -.226 .601 .364 -.009
Negative Emotions -.013 -.128 .027 -.029 .068 .942 .101 -.080
Recreation .facilities .918 -.035 .007 -.019 .170 .015 -.072 -.065
Mentoring by seniors .317 .716 -.097 -.013 .249 .264 .014 -.159
Inclusiveness .023 .179 -.182 .184 .750 .206 -.214 -.014
Eigen Value 8.158 4.06 3.03 2.41 2.13 1.71 1.51 1.07
% of Variation 16.83 13.59 10.70 9.94 9.55 7.55 6.39 5.76
Cumulative % of
Variation
16.83 30.42 41.13 51.07 60.62 68.17 74.57 80.34
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Table – 7 has identified three factors which motivates our army personnel which motivates them
during peace time. These factors are ----Pay condition, Workplace Relationship, and Career Growth.
7. Conclusion:
In conclusion we can say that during War/Warlike situation eight factors that motivates our army
personnel are Affiliation with Unit, Inspirational Leadership, Recognition, Self-esteem, Feeling
valued, Negative Emotion, Family Backup, and Tradition. During Peace time situation, three factors
affect our army personnel motivation i.e. Pay condition, Workplace Relationship, and Career Growth.
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Table - 7 : Rotated Component Matrix(Peace Time)
Component
Pay condition Workplace
Relationship
Career
Growth
Leave policies .825 .227 -.129
LTC facilities .761 .532 -.085
Terminal benefits .818 .190 -.311
Subsidized family Quarters .787 .335 -.372
Advances from AGIF .882 .253 .071
Houses from AWHO .864 .334 -.111
Concise and clear aim .575 .693 -.073
Decision after Healthy discussion .210 .830 -.403
Effective planning and coordination .221 .837 -.369
Clear distribution of task .272 .900 .153
Adventurous life .587 .654 .306
Promotional prospects .869 .308 -.174
Job Satisfaction .849 .207 .274
Fast track Growth -.027 -.160 .834
Open appraisal system .732 .351 -.420
Improvement in Appraisal System .778 .281 .173
Appraisal of Seniors by juniors .654 .462 .469
Simplified Appraisal System .833 .168 .332
Eigen Value 11.32 2.25 1.48
of Variation 48.08 24.28 11.30
Cumulative % of Variation 48.08 72.36 83.67
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