addicted

forinnovations

Name :- Anupam pandey

Pursuing bsC 2ND YEAR

COLLEGE:- DR. GHANSHYAM SINGH PG COLLEGE

WARNING !WATCH THIS PRESENTATION CAREFULLY OTHERWISE YOU WILL FEEL “ TO LOCK THE STABLE-DOOR WHEN THE STEED IS STOLEN”

The Grand Unification Theory…

Actually, the electromagnetic and weak forces have been shown to be different manifestations of the electroweak force...

The idea of a GUT seems to attract many people who think they can explain it all.

Naturally, when their ideas don’t get accepted, it’s because of some grand conspiracy against them.

Keep that in mind while browsing the web.

…so you might be justified in saying there are only three fundamental forces in nature...

…but for now let’s say our four forces are all that are needed to explain the universe as we know it. There are no more or no less.

About 1986, some distinguished physicists thought they had found experiments which necessitated a fifth force. To understand their work, we need to revisit the idea of mass…

.

What is mass?

The “thing” that goes into F=ma?

The “thing” that goes into F = Gm1m2/r2?

Are these two “things” (inertial mass and gravitational mass) the same?

OR! Is there even a theoretical or experimental basis for demanding they are the same?

Hungarian physicist, Lorand Eötvös, carried out precise experiments between 1906 and 1909 to compare gravitational and inertial mass.

A 1964 experiment1 showed the two were the same to within 1 part in 100,000,000,000.

He concluded the two were the same to within 1 or 2 parts in 200,000,000.

This experimental result is the basis for one of the postulates of general relativity:

The Principle of Equivalence: an observer in a closed laboratory cannot distinguish between the effects produced by a gravitational field and those produced by an acceleration of the laboratory.

a=g

uniform upwardacceleration = g

force

w = mg

uniform gravitationalfield, downwards

“The original Eötvös experiment was designed to measure the ratio of the gravitational mass to the inertial mass of different substances.”

“Eötvös found the ratio to be one, to within approximately one part in a million.”

“Fischbach and his collaborators reanalyzed Eötvös data and found a composition dependent effect, which they interpreted as evidence for a Fifth Force.”

What do you think of this?

Remember: right now we believe there are only four fundamental forces: strong, weak, E&M, and gravitational.

Physicists at the Institute for Nuclear Research in Debrecen, Hungary, say this apparatus — an electron-positron spectrometer — has found evidence for a new particle.

Here’s some of the data supporting the fifth force.

“Fischbach and his collaborators reanalyzed1 Eötvös' data and found a composition dependent effect, which they interpreted as evidence for a Fifth Force.”

If this is true, two 1-kilogram masses of copper attract each other with a different force than two 1-kilogram masses of aluminum!

Revolutionary! Instant Nobel Prize (on confirmation)! Your name goes down in the annals of physics next to Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein!

Two experiments carried out in 1987 gave conflicting results: one for the fifth force, one against it.

What’s a responsible physicist to do?

Suspend judgment until experiment (supported by theory) offers conclusive evidence.

Ultimately, many experiments were carried out and (eventually) demonstrated conclusively that there is no fifth force.

In the reanalysis of the Eötvös experiment, a trend in the data which suggested the fifth force turned out to be a result of statistical fluctuations. The data had a trend, but it was accidental and statistically insignificant.

Physics works!

dark matter :- Astronomers have examined dark matter in the galaxy cluster Abell 3827, by observing how its mass warps light coming from a more distant galaxy behind. The image hints that in one region, dark matter is not moving with the galaxy itself, possibly implying unknown interactions between dark matter clumps.

A study of four colliding galaxies for the first time suggests that the dark matter in them may be interacting with itself through some unknown force other than gravity that has no effect on ordinary matter. The finding could be a significant clue as to what comprises the invisible stuff that is thought to contribute 24 percent of the universe.

For dark matter to interact with itself requires not only dark matter particles but also a dark force to govern their interactions and dark boson particles to carry this force. Dark Matter may feel “DARK FORCE” that the rest of Universe does not

Possible evidence !In 2015, Attila Krasznahorkay at the Hungarian Academy of Science’s Institute for Nuclear Research in Debrecen, Hungary, and his colleagues posited the existence of a new, light boson only 34 times heavier than the electron.

In an effort to find a Dark photon, the Hungarian team fired protons at thin targets of lithium-7, which created unstable beryllium-8 nuclei that then decayed and spat out pairs of electrons and positrons.

At 140º, a 'bump' was created that indicated that a small fraction of beryllium-8 will shed excess energy in the form a new particle.

Clues :-Researchers think that the “FIFTH FORCE” of nature be a vital clue to understand “DARK MATTER”

“SOME PHYSICISTS CLAIM A NEW FORCE OF NATURE MIGHT HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED.

IF TRUE, THAT WOULD MEAN THAT WE HAVE TO REWRITE THE TEXTBOOKS”.

- ANUPAM PANDEY

THANKS

FOR WATCHING

ME !!!!