RMSA – PERAMBALUR(Dt) X – STANDARD ENGLISH PROSE ( UNIT – VI ) Prepared by T.ANBUSELVAN - G.H.S.ASOOR M.P.S.AMUTHAN – G.H.S. VELUR M.THIRUGNANAM – G.H.S. KARUGUDI K.KRISHNAKUMAR – G.H.S.S. NERGUNAM G.SEEMA CHARANYA – G.H.S.S. CHETTIKULAM S.DIANA DAISYRANI – G.H.S.THAMBIRANPATTI R.RAJAKUMARI - G.G.H.S.S.LABBAIKUDIKADU V.R.PRABAKARAN - G.H.S. NEIKUPPAI R.LAKSHMI PRABA - G.H.S.S. KURUMBALUR N.TAMILSELVAN - G.H.S.S. MELAPULIYUR

A FLIGHT WITH THE MOON

ON THEIR WINGS

MIGRATION & IMMIGRATION

MIGRATION seasonal

movement from one region to another.

IMMIGRATION Entering a

country to settle

DEFINITIONPeriodic mass movement of all or part of a population from one area to another and be back

REASONS FOR MIGRATION

Breeding and brooding

Climatic changes

Predators Disease Food

TYPES OF MIGRATION Seasonal Latitudinal Longitudinal Altitudinal Nomadic Irruptive Dispersal Leap frog Reverse Molt Drift

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF MIGRATION?

Foraging Protection Mating Raising families Aerodynamics Warmth

BREEDING HAUNTS One of the greatest mysteries of

bird life. Every year, during autumn and

early winter Birds fly to Asia,Europe and

America to the southern, warmer lands.

They are very punctual too, unless they are delayed by the weather.

LOCAL MOVEMENTS

Caused by the stresses of living and the variations in food supply.

At a particularly noticeable in north india.

LITTLE VOYAGERS

TRAVELLING SPEED Migrating birds do not

fly at their fastest. Usually from 48 to 64

km shore birds - 64 to 80 km ducks -80 to 96 km/ hour.

Generally birds fly a distance under 900 meters, but sometimes at greater heights.

Willow warbler Woodcock

Rosy pastorWild duck

DANGERS FACED BY LITTLE VOYAGERS sudden storms

bright lights attract and confuse the birds.

Predators Competition• Exposure to

exhaustion• Exposure to

harsh, dangerous weather conditions.

FLYING PATTERN Some birds fly by day, some both by day and by night.

Birds usually travel in flocks.

‘ V‘ shaped formation

RINGING

The band bears a number, date, identification mark.

The finder is requested to return the ring if young and adult birds are Captured or found dead.

Uses of ringing

The direction and locality to which the bird has migrated.

BIRD WATCHING

The migration of birds is a fascinating study indeed.

There are many ornithologists one among them is Dr.Salim Ali ,The Bird man of India.

Lets turn to nature and make bird watching a hobby.

GRAMMAR SENTENCE PATTERN •A Sentence is a group of words which makes a complete sense

.•Subject: the subject is usually a noun/pronoun.•Verb : The verb indicates the action performed by the subject.•Object: on which the action happens is known as the object.•There are two types of object•The direct object•The indirect object•Ex: my teacher gave me some books •‘my teacher’ does the action , so the subject.•She performs the action of ,giving, so the word ‘gave’ is the verb.•The question ‘what’ to the verb is the direct object. •The question ‘whom’ to the verb is the indirect object.•The pattern of this sentence would be subject/verb/indirect object/direct object. It is written as S V IO DO.

COMPLEMENTThe words required to complete the meaning of a sentence is

called complement.subject complement: more about the subject is called subject

complement.Object complement: more about the object is known as a object

complement.ex: My father is a teacher.my father is a subject,is – verb, a teacher – more about the subject

‘my father’ is known as a subject complement. we named the newborn baby Anirudh. We – subject, named – verb,the newborn baby – object (answer

the question ‘whom’). Anirudh – more about the object, which is the ‘ newborn baby’is the object complement

ADJUNCTWhen we put the questions ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘why’, and ‘how’ to the verb in a sentence, we

get as the answer is the adjunct. The boy returned the book yesterday. (when )

Rahim wrote a letter sitting in the park. (where) Mary returned home (where) due to illhealth.

(why)Sanjana travels to school (where) by bus. (how)

EXAMPLES

SV- Birds fly SVO-Sachin hits the ball SVIODO- My father gave me a pen SVC- Mala is a teacher SVOC-They elected him the leader SVA- Birds fly in the sky SVOA- He wrote a letter yesterday ASVOA-Yesterday he wrote a letter

VOCABULARYSYNONYMS 1) Stresses – hard ships2) Captured – arrested3) Well defined – clearly marked4) Voyagers – travelers5) Seldom – rarely6) Excited – agitated 7) fascinating – very

interesting8) Twittering – chirping

ANTONYMS

1) Regular x irregular2) Artificial x natural3) Captured x released4) Common x uncommon5) Excited x calm6) Restricted x freedom7) Fastest x slowest8) Bitter x sweeter

COMPOUND WORDS A Compound word is a combination of two or more words that

function as a single meaning.Ex: Match the compound words Air - bed Airport

hand - light Hand written over - write Over load

child - mark Child hoodsafe - written Safeguard

moon - hood Moonlightriver - port Riverbedtype - guard Typewriteland - boy Landmark

school - load Schoolboy