a. galip ulsoy, william clay ford professor of manufacturing mechanical engineering, university of...
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20051
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan [email protected] GG Brown Building, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA +1-734-936-0407
A 21st CENTURY ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR LEADING
CONCURRENT DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION
A. Galip UlsoyWilliam Clay Ford Professor of Manufacturing
2005 CIRP General Assembly, Antalya, Turkey
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20052
Engineering Benefits Society
• The 20th Century saw many amazing benefits of engineering to society, e.g.:- Electric power- Automobiles- Assembly lines
- Medical devices and imaging- Water and sewage systems- Computers and internet- Satellites and spacecraft
• A Scientist studies what is, whereas an Engineer creates what never was - T. Von Karman
• Engineering education provides the foundation for these benefits - will it continue to do so in the 21st Century?
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20053
21st Century Context for Engineering
• Societal megatrends:- Accelerating rate of new knowledge generation- Increasing globalization- Changing demographics
Forgac’s Law:
€
R& D expense
Sales revenue(%) =
16
Marketable product life (yrs)
USA
Manuf
Jobs
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025
steel mills
printed circuits
(TV)
surface mount (cell
phones)
future technologies
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20054
Current Status and Trends
• About 60,000 engineering bachelors degrees are awarded in the USA annually.
• In the European Union over 170,000 and in Japan over 100,000 awarded.
• Globally engineering degrees awarded in major developing nations (e.g., China, Eastern/Central Europe, India) is over 500,000.
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20055
Current Status and Trends - USA
• About 60,000 to 70,000 engineering degrees are awarded in the USA annually, and are a declining percentage relative to other fields.
• About 30,000 masters degrees and 6,000 doctoral degrees are also awarded annually.
• The majority of engineering graduate students are foreign born.
• About 20% of these degrees are awarded to women.
• About 10% of engineering faculty are female, 3% Hispanic-American, and 2% African-American.
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20056
Preparing Engineers: The Curriculum
• The public image of engineering is not appealing, despite good employment opportunities at favorable salaries.
• In reality engineering prepares students for many diverse careers, e.g., 22% of Fortune 200 CEOs are engineers.
• Engineering curricula emphasize the technology, not the benefits to society.
• No major revisions since the infusion of engineering science in the 1960’s.
• These curricula are now a global commodity; excellent engineers are educated in low-wage countries.
• Many recognize that significant change is needed, and beginning to occur
• ABET’s new EC2000 supports curricular change
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20057
Changes in Academe
Department-based
Campus-centric
Building-block courses
Few links to industry
Research vs. education
Topic-based
Global reach
Holistic curriculum
Robust industry partnership
Integration of research and education
Conventional Emerging
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20058
What Does the 21st Century Engineer Need To Be?
• An agile and independent learner who can acquire new knowledge as needed to tackle new problems.
• Strongly grounded in fundamentals:- Science (including biology)- Math (including statistics, discrete mathematics)- Principles of design and manufacturing- Ability to research new topics
• Skilled in communications and teamwork
• Broadly educated with:- Strategic and global perspectives- Social and ethical perspectives- Economic and business perspectives- Environmental perspectives- Artistic perspectives
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20059
A Vision of the 21st Century Engineer?
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• Who will be our role model for the 21st Century Engineer?- Dilbert? Leonardo?- Both? Neither?
• Engineering will continue to be a collaborative effort, with teams of individuals who have specific disciplinary and complementary expertise, plus the skills to work together effectively.
• We must have a vision of the 21st Century Engineer
• Engineering education and curricula must support that vision
A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 200510
The Renaissance Engineer
• Holistic designer
• Astute maker
• Trusted innovator
• Harm avoider
• Change agent
• Master integrator
• Enterprise enabler
• Knowledge handler
• Technology steward
• A scientific basis to structure student-centered learning for the next generation renaissance engineer?
• Multiple Intelligences [H. Gardner, 1999]:- Linguistic
- Logical/mathematical
- Musical
- Spatial
- Bodily/Kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalist
• Research-based curriculum [Boyer Commission, 1998]