a global competency based model of the scope of practice in optometry edited by patricia m kiely bsc...
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A GLOBAL COMPETENCY BASED MODEL OF THE SCOPE OF PRACTICE IN OPTOMETRY
EDITED BYPATRICIA M KIELY BSC OPTOM ROBERT CHAPPELL OBE MPHIL DSC FCOPTOM OPTOMETRY AUSTRALIA LRS COMMITTEE WCO
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Why CompetenciesThe Global Model ReviewWhat is optometry?What is an optometristInclusion of Indicators
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Background
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World Trade Organisation – General Agreement on Trades in Services
European Union Association of Regulatory Boards and
World Council of Optometry
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Background
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Recognition of overseas qualificationsHistorical problemsMatching competenciesRecognition of EU national qualificationsDefined by European Directive
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Background
The ability to perform the activities within an occupation to the standard expected in employment
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What is Competency
It enables countries to develop at their own pace in manageable stages
It provides a common language, i.e. we all understand precisely what is meant when we talk about a particular skill, and the standard
Europe needs a step by step approach
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The Benefits of a Competency Based Approach
Describe what skills and knowledge a person needs to be regarded as sufficiently qualified to
be registered to practise optometry
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Entry Level Competency Standards
Develop a common standard of competencies worldwide
Acceptance of the definition and standard of each competency, irrespective of whether a particular competency is practised in a particular country
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The Solution
Each country can then identify which competencies are relevant to it within its current scope of practice
Each country can then work towards ensuring that its competencies match the defined standard
Enables countries to match their competencies with those in other states
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The Solution
Based on Australian Competency Standards
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UnitsElementsPerformance CriteriaIndicators
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The Division of Competencies
Major components of activities within a professionUnit 1 – Professional and Clinical ResponsibilitiesUnit 2 – Communication and Patient HistoryUnit 3 – Patient ExaminationUnit 4 – Diagnosis and ManagementUnit 5 – Health Information Management
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Units
Sub divisions of units – the lowest logical, identifiable and discrete sub groupings of actions and knowledge, which contribute to and build the UnitUnit - Communication and Patient History
Elements:Communicates with the patientMakes general observations of patientObtains the case history
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Elements
Accompany elements Evaluative statements specifying the required level of
performance Used by an assessor to determine if person performs to
required levelCommunication and Patient History
» Communicates with the patient• Modes and methods of communication are
employed, which take into account the physical, emotional, intellectual and cultural context of the patient
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Performance Criteria
Measurable and observable features for each performance criterion, can assist in determining
whether a competency is achieved.
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Indicators
Unit – Communication and Patient HistoryElement –Communicates with the Patient
Performance CriteriaModes and methods of communication are employed which take into account the physical, emotional, intellectual and cultural background of the patient
IndicatorsThe ability to:
• Communicate proficiently in spoken language(s)• Reflect on personal communication style and adjust as
required
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Indicators
Optometry is a healthcare profession that is autonomous, educated and regulated and optometrists are the primary healthcare practitioners of the eye and visual system who provide comprehensive eye and vision care, which includes refraction and dispensing, detection/diagnosis and management of diseases in the eye, and rehabilitation of conditions of the visual systemConcept of Optometry - Paris 1992
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What is Optometry
The minimum broad competencies required for individuals to call themselves optometrists are:
DispensingRefractionPrescribingDetection of disease/abnormality
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Who is an Optometrist
Four stages recognising the evolutionary and hierarchical stages of optometry’s development
and expanding education with each stage assuming the inclusion of the prior stage
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Global Model 2015
The management and dispensing of ophthalmic lenses, frames and other devices that correct
defects of the visual system
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1 Optical Technology Services
Optical Technology Services plus: The investigation, examination, measurement,
recognition/diagnosis and correction/management of defects of the visual system*
*This is the minimum level of competency set by the WCO for an individual to call themselves an
optometrist
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2 Visual Function Services
Optical Technology Services plus Visual Function Services plus The investigation, examination and evaluation of the
eye and adnexa, and associated systemic factors to detect, diagnose and manage disease.
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3 Ocular Diagnostic Services
Ocular Technology Services plus Visual Function Services plus Ocular Diagnostic Services plus Use of pharmaceutical agents and other procedures
to manage ocular conditions/disease
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4 Ocular Therapeutic Services
Accept a common standard of competencies, not just within Europe, but worldwide
Acceptance of the definition and standard of each competency, irrespective of whether a particular competency is practised in a particular country
Review the structure and detail of the Global Competency model
Consider how the free movement of optometrists can be assisted
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The Way Forward
Common language Structural differences Assessment of Clinical Experience Development of portfolio – lifelong record of
education and clinical experience
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Matching Competencies
The competency model alone will not enable reciprocal recognition of qualifications. The standards set may and do vary from country to country. This means that for the scheme to work there has to be full accreditation of qualifications which means physically visiting institutions. Although a scheme has been developed in Europe to do this the global challenge is much greater.
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BUT ………………………