a global era
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A GLOBAL ERA. THE WORLD WARS THE WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD CINEMA WORLD LITERATURE FUSION FOOD OLYMPIC MOVEMENT. Last Era Generalizations. Western Science and Art Diffusion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
A GLOBAL ERA
• THE WORLD WARS• THE WORLD ECONOMY• WORLD TRADE• WORLD CINEMA• WORLD LITERATURE• FUSION FOOD• OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
Last Era GeneralizationsWestern Science and Art DiffusionA Century of War: The World at War 1914-1945 The Cold War Era 1945-1991 Decolonization New World Order—a war on terrorismCivil Society in the 20th Century: Individualism and its DiscontentsIndustrialization DiffusionThe Embattled BiosphereConcepts taken from World by Felipe Fernandez Armesto
New Ways of Seeing Humanity• Einstein and Freud
Picasso and modern art(Syncretism with African art traditions)
Diffusion of Western Scientific and Medical Knowledge
The World Game
World Wars
• Industrial Killing (the technology of murder)
• Imperial Contests•Unprecedented
Destruction
Some WWI Consequences• Continued Imperialism in Africa, South Asia,
Southeast Asia• Expansion of Japanese Imperialism in China
(continues in ‘20s and ‘30s, until WWII)• Expansion of Imperialism in Middle East
(Mandate System)• Establishment of Independent Turkey—
Kemalist reforms (westernizing)• End of Ottoman and Russian Empires
WWII Consequences• Cold War rivalries• Stronger international institutions including the
United Nations and the International Monetary Fund
• Decolonization momentum– Little initial conflict in India (a violent division of Indian
and Pakistan follows independence)– Relatively peaceful in Indonesia and much of Africa– Embattled in places like Algeria, Vietnam (both French
colonies), and Kenya (British)
Cold War Rivalries (MAD; Détente)• Both a factor for decolonization, especially in
Africa and Indonesia, and an impediment to decolonization, especially in Vietnam.
• Fought indirectly: Races, Olympics, Propaganda
• Indirect or Proxy Wars like Korea and Vietnam• Kept the world highly militarized in the late
20th century
Civil Society
•A Century of Atrocities•A Century of Totalitarian
State Power•A Century of Individualism
State Directed Murder: Genocide and War
A Catalogue of Horrors• Armenian Genocide (1.5 million killed)• Holocaust (12 million killed)• Chinese Famine after GLF (30 million killed)• Congo at both the beginning and the end of
the century (1900-1908: 3 million dead; 1995-2000 2 million dead)
• Ethnic cleansing in Iraq, Bosnia, Rwanda, Sudan
• Cambodia (Khmer Rouge 1.7 million killed)
State Power Changing Society• STALINISM–5 Year Plans; Gulags; Show trials
• MAOISM–Great Leap Forward; Cultural Revolution
• Development plans in newly independent societies (Nkrumah’s plans in Ghana)
• Land Reforms in Latin America (Mexican Revolution)
• Industrialization in China and India after 1980
State Control of Information
The March of Individualism• Freedom of Communications• Human as Consumer• Freedom and Equality• Diminishing Patriarchy• The Diffusion of People--immigration
• The massive movement of people after World War II (largely from poor areas of the world to rich areas of the world)—what some call counter-colonization {the movement of peoples from former colonies to former imperial powers}
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Ideology Of Imperialism
Negritude, Satyagraha, attacking racist ideologies
Aimé Césaire
• Writers and thinkers like Betty Freidan and Simone de Beauvoir• Political leaders like Indira Gandhi
and Aung Sang Suu Kyi• Womens groups in Revolutionary
Movements• Chinese Marriage Law of 1950• Increased access to education
Jobs moving to newly industrialized areas
Rise of Fundamentalist MovementsIndia Hindu Fundamentalism
Islamic Fundamentalism
Christian Fundamentalism
Changing our relationship with the Land
Shanghai