A great university: a great library

New Information Space and Place: New Information Space and Place: The Research Library in the Digital The Research Library in the Digital

AgeAge

Joseph J. BraninDirector of Libraries, the Ohio State University

Branin.1@osu.edu

III International Conference on University Libraries

Mexico CityOctober 28-29, 2004

Changes in Space and Place for Research Libraries in the Digital Age

1. Information Space: The evolution of collections work in research libraries: from collection development to collection management to knowledge management

Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge management

The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State University: building a knowledge management system

2. Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and learning into the physical and virtual research library

Designing learning places: physical and virtual The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson

(Main) Library at the Ohio State University

From Collection Development to Knowledge Management

1950-1975: Collection Development

1975-2000: Collection Management

2000- :Knowledge Management

1950-1975: Collection Development

Major environmental factors

• Rapid growth in scholarship and libraries

• Rise of government sponsored research

• Professionalization of collection management

Collection development

•Acquisitions and selection

•Collection building

Increase in Mathematical Literature

Andrew M. Odlyzko, Tragic loss or good riddance? The Impending demise of traditional scholarly journals. Notices Amer. Math Soc. 42 (January 1995), 49

840

50,000

0

20000

40000

60000

1870 1995

Math Papers

715,500842,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1980 1989

Book Production

354,875

832,833

0

500,000

1,000,000

1975 1995

Articles

UNESCO WorldwideAnnual Book Titles

“Trends in ScientificScholarly Journal Publishing in the US,” Tenopir and King

Annual publications in Mathematics, Andrew Odlyzko, AT&T Bell Laboratories

Growth of Publication

Continuing Growth of Publication

OCLC: 2004 Information Format Trends

Professionalization of Collection Management

Charles Osburn, Academic research and library resources: changing patterns in America, 1979

Allen Kent, Use of library material: The University of Pittsburgh study, 1979

American Library Association, Collection Management Institutes and Guidelines, 1980’s

1975-2000: Collection Management

Major environmental factors

•budget constraints

•commercialization of scholarship

in the sciences

•new digital technology

Collection management agenda

•collection policy development

•materials budget allocation

•collection analysis

• use and user studies

•training and organization of

collection managers

• preservation

•cooperative collection

development

Cooperative Collection Development

Farmington Plan of the 1950s and 1960sNational Periodicals Center of the 1970sRLG Conspectus of the 1980sOhioLink created in 1993 Lessons Learned: power of local

autonomy, highly decentralized system, difficulty of moving print around, new opportunities in digital environment

Advances in the Digital InformationTechnology: Growth of the

Internet

In 1996 there were 90,000 Web sites, and it is estimated that the Web doubles in size every 50 days with a new homepage added every 4 seconds (Nicholas Negroponte, Wired Magazine, 2-1-96)

Growth of the WebWeb Characterization Project <http://wcp.oclc.org/>Web Characterization Project <http://wcp.oclc.org/>

800,000

1,457,000

2,229,000

2,942,0003,119,000 3,080,000

1,570,000

2,851,000

4,882,000

7,399,000

8,745,0009,040,000

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

1996/ 1997 1997/ 1998 1998/ 1999 1999/ 2000 2000/ 2001 2001/ 2002

Public Total

Type of Library Use by Group and Academic Area

Faculty

Health Sciences

Humanities/Soc Science

Science/Engineering

All Faculty

Graduate Students

Health Sciences

Humanities/Soc Science

Science/Engineering

All Graduate Students

Visit in person

19982001

37.928.1

60.756.4

49.341.8

47.340.6

79.759.6

82.572.1

68.245.1

77.759.6

Use office computer

1998 2001

76.2 75.7

70.2 76.7

64.7 75.4

71.0 76.1

39.8 50.6

47.5 56.1

57.4 69.4

48.1 58.5

Use home computer

1998 2001

40.5 43.4

47.1 51.5

23.6 33.9

37.4 43

49.2 59.6

52.0 62.6

32.6 42.5

45.7 55.2

University of Washington Library Newsletter Winter 2002

User Priorities

Delivering full-text to the desktopProviding electronic full-text access to

older journalsMaintaining the quality of the Libraries'

print collection

University of Washington Library Newsletter Winter 2002

2000 - :Knowledge Management

Major environmental factors• New digital opportunities and threat• Ownership and control issues with the scholarly

record

Knowledge management• Managing print and digital information systems• Consortia collections• Enterprise-wide content management • Web Publishing • Information policy• Reforming Scholarly Publishing

Managing Print Collections in the Digital Age

Using digital technology to better manage print collections• Bibliographic control, document delivery,

reformatting through digitization The future of print in a digital information

system• The “physicality” of print

The “storage center” option for infrequently-used material

• Preservation, cooperation, last copy retention

Touch of Print: Making Sense of Information

Library Storage Needs

Low Memorial Library1894

Butler Library1934

Overcrowded Shelving Conditions

Less-than-ideal Storage Conditions

Ohio LINK Database Searches: Cumulated Monthly

Article Downloads from the OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center

156,134

224,572

380,028

663,540 680,006

1,295,113

1,449,086

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

July-Dec 1998 Jan-June 1999 July-Dec 1999 Jan-June 2000 July-Dec 2000 Jan-June 2001 July-Dec 2001

Cost Effective Purchasing Power

Average Annual Journal Cost Increase for Typical Academic Research College Library

Average Annual Cost Increase for Journals Licensed Through OhioLINK

2001 vs 2000 2002 vs 2001

7.7%

6.1%

8.0%

4.5%

Knowledge Management Basics

1. Data, information, and knowledge2. Tacit and explicit knowledge3. The dynamic and social nature of knowledge

management

Peter Drucker, The Coming of the new organization, Harvard Business Review, 1988

Special issue on Knowledge Management in Journal

of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002

Knowledge Management Definitions Data = simple, discrete facts and figuresInformation = data organized for a meaningful

purpose

Knowledge = Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experience and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents and repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms. (Davenport and

Prusak, Working Knowledge, 1998)

Explicit and Tacit Knowledge

Formally articulated Documented Stored in repositories Reports, lessons

learned Fixed, codified

Transferred through conversations

Difficult to articulate or unspoken

Held within self, personal

Insight and understanding

Judgments, assumptions

From Claire McInernye, JASIST, 2002

The Nature of Knowledge Management

Knowledge happens in and among people; it is the social life of information

Inclusive or enterprise-wide view of data, information, and knowledge

• Managing expertise• Creating a culture of learning and of

sharing knowledge Dynamic process of creation, elicitation, and

sharing

Data Maps-MetadataData Maps-Metadata

high low

low

hig

h

Relative emphasis of content in WorldCat

Stewardship/publishing

un

iqu

ene

ssBooksJournalsNewspapersGovernment docsAudiovisualMapsScores

Special collectionsRare booksLocal/Historical newspapersLocal history materialsArchives & manuscriptsTheses & dissertations

Freely-accessible web resourcesOpen source softwareNewsgroup archives

Institutional repositories •ePrints•Learning objects/materials•Research data

Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC

Huntington Archive: Asian Art

The OSU Knowledge Bank

Diverse SourcesUnified AccessIntegrated InformationTrusted Archive

A Proposal for Development of anOSU Knowledge Bank

Submitted to theOSU Distance Learning/Continuing Education Committee

June 21, 2002http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/Lib_Info/scholarcom/KBproposal.html

ByThe OSU Knowledge Bank Planning CommitteeChair: Joseph J. Branin, Director of Libraries

The Knowledge Bank Broadly Defined

The OSU Knowledge Bank project proposes to create a knowledge management system for the University that will support the creation, organization, storage, and dissemination of the institution’s digital information assets.

The Knowledge Bank will be both a “referatory” providing links to digital objects and a “repository” capable of archiving the increasing volume of digital content created at OSU for long-term use and preservation

Digital Knowledge Bank at OSU

Online Published Material• E-books, e-journals, government

documents, handbooks Online Reference Tools

• Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, directories

Online Information Services• Scholar’s portal, alumni portal,

chat reference, online tutorials,, e-reserves, e-course packs, technology help center

Electronic Records Management

Administrative Data Warehouse Digital Publishing Assistance

• Pre-print services• E-books, e-journal support• Web site development and

maintenance

Faculty Research Directory Digital Institutional Repository

• Digital special collections• Rich media (multimedia)• Data sets and files• Theses/dissertations• Faculty publications, pre-

publications, working papers• Educational materials

• Learning objects• Course reserves/E-course pack

materials• Course Web sites

Information Policy Research/Development in

Digital Information Services• User needs studies• Applying best practice• Assistance with Technology

Transfer

The Ohio State University• Libraries, Chief Information Officer, Office of

Research, University Press, Academic faculty and technologists

OhioLINK• Digital Media Center, Electronic Journals

Center, Chat Reference (Ohio Super Computer Center, Ohio Learning Network)

OCLC, Chemical Abstracts MIT: DSpace Federation

Cooperative and Enterprise Approach to Building the Knowledge Bank

Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University

Open access dissertations• Open Access: the free availability of scholarly literature on the public

Internet (Open Access News at http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html)• ArXiv• Directory of Open Access Journals• Public Library of Science• NIH Proposal

Sharing and management of images and sounds• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds

Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals

• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)

Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University

Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds

• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds

Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals

• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with

Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)

Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University

Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds

• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds

Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals

• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with

Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)

Examples of New Approaches at the Ohio State University

Open access dissertations Sharing and management of images and sounds

• Squeeze collection• Bird sounds

Wetlands Research Center papers and reports Open access e-books and journals

• Out-of-print University Press titles (with Press)• Journals in Slavic Studies and in Music (with

Departments• E-book on e-government (with Glenn Center)

Worldwide Resources

Columbus & Ohio Resources

OSU Central Databases

OSU Academic Unit Databases

OSU Faculty Data

Knowledge Bank

Engine

Internet

OARNet

OSU SONNET Network

The OSU Knowledge Bank

Unified Access

Knowledge Bank TeamDiverse

Sources

Integrated

InformationLeadership Training Coordination Standards

Technical Support

Business Partnerships

Collaborative Research

Enriched Instruction

+New Technology

Trusted Archive

New Roles for the Knowledge Manager

Librarians “can no longer meet the information needs of faculty and students through the traditional avenue of simply adding to their collections.” (Battin and Hawkins, Mirage of Continuity, 1998)

New Roles• Managing knowledge content (working more closely with

faculty and students to design, organize, and maintain a broader range of digital assets.)

• Using information technology to create new organizational (metadata), retrieval (discovery), and storage (preservation) options

• More active role in the educational and research mission of university (integrating information resources and services in course and research projects)

• Active educators: teaching students and faculty information literacy

Learning Place: the “Research Library” as a “Teaching Library”

Growing importance on “information literacy” in the open access, networked environment of the public Internet• Growth of library instruction• New Reference Techniques• Net Tutor

Connecting information resources to teaching• Course Management Systems• Course reserves, learning objects,

curriculum materials New learning space design in library facilities

Service Trends in ARL Libraries, 1991-2003

Thompson Library Renovation

$99 million 8 year project

Feasibility Study 2000 – 2002

Design Work 2002 – 2004

Construction 2005-2008

New Learning Space Design in Libraries

Balance between collections and user space Open office or studios for library staff Robust information technology infrastructure Attention to social amenities: café, lighting,

displays, soft furniture, Variety of spaces: quiet, private, gathering

places, much more group study, very flexible meeting and teaching space

Space for events and programs: exhibits, lectures, seminars, working groups, multimedia studio work

The Original Reading Room

The Current Reading Room

Proposed Restoration

Renovated Thompson Library at Ohio State University

Changes in Space and Place for Research Libraries in the Digital Age

1. Information Space: The evolution of collections work in research libraries: from collection development to collection management to knowledge management

Why and how we have evolved towards knowledge management

The Knowledge Bank project at the Ohio State University: building a knowledge management system

2. Learning Place: The integration of active teaching and learning into the physical and virtual research library

Designing learning places: physical and virtual The renovation of the William Oxley Thompson (Main)

Library at the Ohio State University

Thank You! Muchas Gracias!