a guide.. is a valuable tool to chemists gives a lot of information about the elements can be...
TRANSCRIPT
The Periodic Table
A guide.
Is a valuable tool to chemists Gives a lot of information about the elements Can be used to predict properties of elements
The Periodic Table
All the elements discovered to date!
92 naturally occurring elements
26 man-made elements
What’s on the P.T.?
In order of increasing atomic number!
With elements that have similar properties in the same column.
So what is with the 2 rows of elements at the bottom? Where do they fit in?
How is the P.T. organized?
This is where the 2 rows really belong.
So why is it never shown there? It would make the P.T. too long to fit on a single page.
Elements can be metals, nonmetals or metalloids.
Metals Are lustrous
(shiny) Are good
conductors of heat and electricity
Are ductile (able to be drawn into wire)
Are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets
Malleability- https:
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4OTj9yNOak
Ductility- https:
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6m1Uii5v2I
Metals on the P.T.
Metals
Nonmetals on the P.T.
Nonmetals
Nonmetals
Are BRITTLE (shatter easily when hit) solids, or liquid or gas at room temperature
Are INSULATORS of heat and electricity
Solids are DULL
S
Cl
Metalloids
Are between the metals and the nonmetals on the P.T. Can have properties of both metals and nonmetals There are 7 METALLOIDS-
Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium
The vertical columns are called GROUPS or
families. All the elements in a group have similar
chemical and physical properties! There are 18 groups on the P.T.
Some are important enough to be named!
The horizontal rows are called PERIODS. There are 7 periods on the P.T.
Arrangement
Alkali Metals – Group 1
Very reactive metals React vigorously
with water and oxygen in the air
Produce bases (alkalis) when reacting with water
Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2
Reactive metals (but not as much as the alkali metals)
The “earth” part of the name comes from being found in compounds within rocks and minerals
Halogens – Group 17
Are very reactive nonmetals
name means “salt former” & compounds made with halogens are called salts
Noble Gases – Group 18
Are mostly nonreactive nonmetals Before the 1960s
they were considered completely nonreactive
Now we know they can be made to react a little
Transition Metals – Groups 3 - 12
Are great conductors!
Inner Transition Metals – the 2 lower rows on the
P.T. Are more reactive
than the transition metals Top row called the
LANTHANIDES Bottom row called
the ACTINIDES
Metalloids
Elements in groups share similar chemical and
physical properties.
These similarities can be used to predict trends among the elements on the P.T.
Physical/Chemical Properties of Elements on the P.T.
Periodic Trends of Elements – some
definitions Atomic radius
Considered to be half the distance between the nuclei of 2 of the same element bonded together
Ionic Radius – same as an atomic radius but
for ions An ion – a positively or negatively charged
atom made by gaining or losing electrons
Ionization energy-
Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom to make it an ion
Metals usually give up electrons more easily than nonmetals do.
The attraction an atom has for another
element’s electrons
Electronegativity
Periodic Trends – the important 2 elements to
remember
Why these 2 elements?
Francium (Fr) Largest atomic &
ionic radius
Lowest ionization energy & electronegativity
Fluorine (F) Smallest atomic &
ionic radius
Highest ionization energy & electronegativity
All trends can be figured out if you remember these 2 elements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Periodic Trends