a+ guide to managing and maintaining your pc, 5eakali2/et127/lecture5.pdf · a+ guide to managing...

A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC

Fifth Edition

Chapter 4

Electricity and Power

Supplies

2A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Measures of Electricity


AC and DC

Alternating current (AC)

Cycles back and forth

Economical

Direct current (DC)

Travels in only one direction, from hot to ground

Required by most electronic devices

Computer power supply functions as both a

transformer and rectifier


Computer Power Supply


Hot, Neutral, and Ground


Hot, Neutral, and Ground

(continued)


Common Electrical Components


Protecting Your Computer

System: General Precautions

Make notes so you can backtrack

Remove packing materials from work area

Keep components away from hair and clothing

Keep screws and spacers in an orderly place

Don’t stack boards on top of each other




(continued)

Don’t touch chips on motherboard or

expansion cards

Don’t touch chip with magnetized screwdriver

Don’t change DIP switch settings with a

graphite pencil




(continued)

Have classroom instructor check your work

before putting cover on and powering up

Turn off a computer before moving it

Keep disks away from magnetic fields, heat,

and extreme cold


Protecting Yourself Against

Electricity

Turn off power and unplug computer

Always use a ground bracelet

Never touch inside of a computer while it is

turned on

Never remove cover or put your hands inside

monitor or power supply


Static Electricity (or ESD)

Can cause catastrophic failure or upset failure

Protection against ESD

Ground bracelet or static strap

Ground mats

Static shielding bags


Ground Bracelet


Ground Bracelet with a Ground

Mat


Static Shielding Bags


EMI (Electromagnetic

Interference)

Caused by magnetic field produced as side

effect when electricity flows

Protection against EMI

Cover expansion slots

Do not place system close to or on same circuit as

high-powered electrical equipment

Use line conditioners


Surge Protection and Battery

Backup

Surge suppressors

Power conditioners

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)


UPS


Case, Power Supply, and

Motherboard Form FactorsAT

ATX (most popular)

LPX

NLX

Backplane systems


AT and Baby AT Form

Factors

AT Form Factor Baby AT Form Factor

Used on older motherboards

Difficult to install, service,

and upgrade

Uses two power connectors:

P8 and P9

Problematic position of CPU

in relation to expansion slots

No longer produced by most

manufacturers

Industry standard from

1993-1997

Small; fits into many types of

cases

Problematic position of CPU

unresolved

Drives/devices not close to

connections on motherboard


AT Motherboard


Power Connectors on AT and

ATX Boards


ATX Form Factor

Open, nonproprietary spec (Intel 1995)

Easier to add and remove components

Greater support for I/O devices and processor

technology

Lower costs

Improved positioning of components


ATX Form Factor (continued)

Smaller

Uses one power connector: P1

Soft switch feature

Better air circulation

Other types: Mini-ATX, MicroATX, FlexATX


ATX Motherboard


NLX Form Factor


Other Form Factors

LPX and Mini-LPX Backplane Systems

Riser card similar to NLX systems

Used in low-cost systems

Difficult to upgrade

Cannot handle size and operating temperature of processors

Proprietary issues

Not a true motherboard;

board sits against back of

proprietary case with

slots for other cards

Active backplanes

Passive backplanes


Types of Cases

Desktop cases

Tower cases

Minitower

Midsize tower

Full-size tower

Notebook cases


Desktop Case


Tower Case


Tower and Desktop Cases


Introduction to Troubleshooting

Isolate the problem

Problems that prevent PC from booting

Problems that occur after a successful boot

Learn as much as you can by asking questions

of user(s)


PC Problem Solving


Troubleshooting the Power

System: General GuidelinesAny burnt parts or odors?

Everything connected and turned on? Loose

cable connections? Computer plugged in?

All switches turned on? Wall outlet good?

If fan is not running, turn off computer:

Connections to power supply secure? Cards

securely seated?



System: General Guidelines

(continued)

Check for correct wire connections to

motherboard

Remove nonessential expansion cards one at a

time

Vacuum entire unit


Troubleshooting an ATX Power

Supply



System

Power supply itself

Power supply fan

Power problems with the motherboard

Overheating


Preventing Overheating


Preventing Overheating

(continued)


Power Management Methods

Advanced Power Management (APM)

AT Attachment (ATA) for IDE drives

Display Power Management Signaling

(DPMS) standards for monitors and video

cards

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

(ACPI)


Power Management Setup

Screen


Changing Power Options

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