a history of. dental public health in north carolina

A History ofA History of Dental Public Dental Public

Health in Health in North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Jean Spratt, DDS, MPHJean Spratt, DDS, MPHJohn Pendill, DDSJohn Pendill, DDS

July 16, 2008July 16, 2008

2008 NC Statewide Dental Public Health 2008 NC Statewide Dental Public Health ConferenceConference

NCOHS 2008NCOHS 2008

Early 1800sEarly 1800s Anyone could Anyone could

provide dental provide dental

carecare

Dentistry Dentistry

a “trade”a “trade”


Early 1800sEarly 1800s

Period of Period of

the traveling the traveling dentistdentist

Dentistry working to become a Dentistry working to become a professionprofession


1820 - 18451820 - 1845

1839 - Dr. Chapin A. 1839 - Dr. Chapin A. Harris founded the Harris founded the first dental school, first dental school, Baltimore College of Baltimore College of Dental SurgeryDental Surgery

1842 - Dr. W. R. Scott, 1842 - Dr. W. R. Scott, first graduate of a first graduate of a dental school to dental school to practice in North practice in North CarolinaCarolina


18561856

The NorthThe North

CarolinaCarolina

Dental Dental

SocietySociety

organizedorganized


18771877

North Carolina Board of Health North Carolina Board of Health establishedestablished

50 county boards of health 50 county boards of health established by 1879established by 1879


18791879

North Carolina State Legislature passed:North Carolina State Legislature passed:

““An Act to Regulate the Practice of An Act to Regulate the Practice of

Dentistry and to Protect the People Dentistry and to Protect the People

Against Quackery in Relation Thereto in Against Quackery in Relation Thereto in

the State of North Carolina, and the State of North Carolina, and

Providing Penalties for the Violation of Providing Penalties for the Violation of

the Same”the Same”


18961896

Dr. J. M. Parker Dr. J. M. Parker

recommended recommended

appointing dentists appointing dentists

to examine the to examine the

mouths of all mouths of all

North Carolina North Carolina

school childrenschool children


19101910 Dr. J. C. Watkins recommended a Dr. J. C. Watkins recommended a

permanent committee on oral health permanent committee on oral health

to educate all people in North to educate all people in North CarolinaCarolina

Oral Hygiene Committee Oral Hygiene Committee

establishedestablished


19121912 Oral Hygiene Committee educating Oral Hygiene Committee educating

students in Gastonia students in Gastonia Dentists examine elementary Dentists examine elementary

students in Wilmingtonstudents in Wilmington Raleigh Women’s Club endorses Raleigh Women’s Club endorses

dental inspections in the schoolsdental inspections in the schools Dr. R. M. Squires of Wake Forest Dr. R. M. Squires of Wake Forest

recognizes value of education recognizes value of education


19121912

““And we dentists…may yet find our And we dentists…may yet find our greatest calling by acting in the greatest calling by acting in the humble role of teacher for our humble role of teacher for our patients, our friends, and our patients, our friends, and our neighbors who are in such dire need neighbors who are in such dire need of our instruction”of our instruction”

Dr. R. M Dr. R. M SquiresSquires


19141914 17 NC schools 17 NC schools

providing “at least providing “at least some” dental some” dental educationeducation

Some of these Some of these schools providing schools providing dental care for dental care for underprivileged underprivileged childrenchildren


19181918 Dr. George M. Cooper presents Dr. George M. Cooper presents

“Preventive Dentistry” for NC Dental “Preventive Dentistry” for NC Dental Society Society

Society endorses dental prevention Society endorses dental prevention program in the schoolsprogram in the schools


19181918

Six dentists hired by Dr. Cooper Six dentists hired by Dr. Cooper

to begin providing ato begin providing a

coordinated dental care coordinated dental care

programprogram

North Carolina first state board to North Carolina first state board to have a dental programhave a dental program

NASH COUNTY


19191919

Dr. E. J. Tucker first dentist on the Dr. E. J. Tucker first dentist on the North Carolina State Board of HealthNorth Carolina State Board of Health


19211921

Dr. J. C. Johnson Dr. J. C. Johnson appointed appointed Supervisor of Oral Supervisor of Oral Hygiene to Hygiene to oversee the dental oversee the dental program:program:

Relief of pain and Relief of pain and sufferingsuffering

EducationEducation


19291929

Dr. Ernest Branch succeeded Dr. Dr. Ernest Branch succeeded Dr. Johnson as the Supervisor of Oral Johnson as the Supervisor of Oral HygieneHygiene Believed in educationBelieved in education Worked for local:Worked for local:

InterestInterest ParticipationParticipation Financial SupportFinancial Support


19311931Dr. Branch Dr. Branch

appointed appointed

Director of Director of

the new the new

North Carolina North Carolina

Division of Oral Division of Oral

HealthHealth


19311931 4 full-time 4 full-time and 12 and 12 part-time part-time dentists dentists Each spentEach spent 3 months in 3 months in a countya county


19341934

Volunteer dentists did Mouth Health Volunteer dentists did Mouth Health SurveySurvey

54.3% children had never 54.3% children had never

had dental treatmenthad dental treatment

85% of these same 85% of these same

children needed dentalchildren needed dental

carecare


19351935 ““Little Jack” puppet Little Jack” puppet

show hits the road show hits the road across NCacross NC

““The Goodest Story”The Goodest Story”


19351935


19361936

Institute of Public Institute of Public

Health Dentistry Health Dentistry

established in established in

Chapel Hill to train Chapel Hill to train

dentists working dentists working

in public healthin public health


19491949

Charlotte Charlotte becomes becomes first city in first city in North North Carolina to Carolina to fluoridate fluoridate its waterits water


19501950

UNC School of UNC School of Dentistry established Dentistry established in Chapel Hillin Chapel Hill


19591959

Dr. Ernest A. Pearson, Jr. Dr. Ernest A. Pearson, Jr.

succeeded Dr. Branch as succeeded Dr. Branch as

North Carolina State North Carolina State

Dental DirectorDental Director


1960-19631960-1963 Drs. John T. Fulton and Drs. John T. Fulton and

John T. Hughes – organized John T. Hughes – organized

first comprehensive dental first comprehensive dental

survey in the nation:survey in the nation:

Natural History of Dental DiseasesNatural History of Dental Diseases First trained Health Educator, First trained Health Educator,

Becky Bowden, was hired Becky Bowden, was hired


19691969 The North Carolina Citizens The North Carolina Citizens

Committee for Dental Health was Committee for Dental Health was established to help expand established to help expand community water fluoridationcommunity water fluoridation

Fluoridators placedFluoridators placed

in rural schoolsin rural schools


19711971 Role played by plaque in Role played by plaque in

dental disease identifieddental disease identified

Task Force for Community Preventive Task Force for Community Preventive Dental Health established by the Dental Health established by the North Carolina Dental SocietyNorth Carolina Dental Society


19721972 Division of Oral Health hired first four Division of Oral Health hired first four

dental hygienists to teach preventive dental hygienists to teach preventive dental health in the countiesdental health in the counties

First fluoride First fluoride mouthrinse mouthrinse program started program started in Robeson Countyin Robeson County


19731973

10 year plan10 year plan 25% reduction in dental caries in the 25% reduction in dental caries in the

population 20 years of age and underpopulation 20 years of age and under 40% reduction in dental caries in the 40% reduction in dental caries in the

population 10 years of age and underpopulation 10 years of age and under 15% reduction in periodontal disease in 15% reduction in periodontal disease in

the population 20 years of age and the population 20 years of age and underunder


19741974 Teachers Guide to aTeachers Guide to a Preventive Dental Health Preventive Dental Health Program in NC distributedProgram in NC distributed

Dental Public Health Dental Public Health providing teacher providing teacher workshops across theworkshops across the statestate


19761976

Kellogg Foundation funded the 2Kellogg Foundation funded the 2nd nd statewide comprehensive dental survey statewide comprehensive dental survey

in NCin NC


19791979

Dr. George Dudney Dr. George Dudney

succeeded Dr. Pearson succeeded Dr. Pearson

as Chief of the North as Chief of the North

Carolina Dental Health Carolina Dental Health

SectionSection


19801980

The Framework for The Framework for

Dental EducationDental Education

Published and Published and

DistributedDistributed


19851985

Kate B. Reynolds Healthcare Trust Kate B. Reynolds Healthcare Trust funded the 3funded the 3rdrd statewide dental statewide dental

survey in NCsurvey in NC


19891989

Dr. C. Jean SprattDr. C. Jean Spratt

succeeded Dr.succeeded Dr.

Dudney as Chief Dudney as Chief ofof

the North Carolinathe North Carolina

Dental HealthDental Health

SectionSection


19901990

Stopped providing Stopped providing surgical/restorative clinical services surgical/restorative clinical services

to become 100% preventive programto become 100% preventive program


19921992

Developed a series of traveling Developed a series of traveling dental health education exhibitsdental health education exhibits


19941994 Five Part sealant initiativeFive Part sealant initiative

School based sealant projectsSchool based sealant projects Sealant ExhibitsSealant Exhibits Media CampaignMedia Campaign Public-Private sealant projectsPublic-Private sealant projects ““Ask Us About Sealants” campaignAsk Us About Sealants” campaign

Discontinue school water fluoridatorsDiscontinue school water fluoridators


19951995

Standardized Standardized assessment assessment technique technique developeddeveloped


19961996

Dr. Steven J. Cline Dr. Steven J. Cline

succeeded Dr. Spratt succeeded Dr. Spratt

as Chief of the as Chief of the

North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Dental Health SectionDental Health Section


19981998

Dental Public Health 80Dental Public Health 80thth Anniversary: Anniversary: “Seal the State in ’98”“Seal the State in ’98”

A statewide sealant initiativeA statewide sealant initiative

Community based sealant projects Community based sealant projects conducted in every county in North conducted in every county in North CarolinaCarolina


19991999

““Smart Smiles” became Smart Smiles” became

““Into the Mouths of Babes”Into the Mouths of Babes” Pediatricians:Pediatricians:

Screen for dental diseaseScreen for dental disease Apply fluoride varnishApply fluoride varnish Educate parents about dental diseaseEducate parents about dental disease

http://www.betterphoto.com/gallery/dynoGallDetail.asp?photoID=935325&catID=296&contestCatID=&rowNumber=128&camID=


20002000

Dr. Rick G. Mumford Dr. Rick G. Mumford succeeded Dr. Cline succeeded Dr. Cline as Chief of the North as Chief of the North Carolina Dental Carolina Dental Health SectionHealth Section


20022002 Discontinue the fluoride mouthrinse Discontinue the fluoride mouthrinse

program in the schoolsprogram in the schools

Focus on sealants and community Focus on sealants and community water fluoridationwater fluoridation


20032003

The Centers for Disease Control & The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention funded the 4Prevention funded the 4thth statewide statewide

dental survey in NCdental survey in NC


20052005

Dr. Rebecca S. King Dr. Rebecca S. King

succeeded Dr. Mumfordsucceeded Dr. Mumford

as Chief of the North as Chief of the North

Carolina Oral Health Carolina Oral Health

SectionSection


20052005

“ “Into the Mouths of Babes” became a Into the Mouths of Babes” became a part of the North Carolina Oral Health part of the North Carolina Oral Health

Section programSection program


20062006 Developed Early HeadDeveloped Early Head

Start Oral Health Start Oral Health

CurriculumCurriculum

Reestablish fluorideReestablish fluoride

mouthrinse program mouthrinse program

in the schoolsin the schools


20072007

Carolina Dental HomeCarolina Dental Home Effort to develop a more Effort to develop a more comprehensive system of comprehensive system of dental care for very young dental care for very young children at high risk for children at high risk for dental diseasedental disease

Grant funded by Health Resources and Grant funded by Health Resources and Services AdministrationServices Administration


20082008

PORRTPORRT

PPriority riority OOral ral RRisk isk

AAssessment and ssessment and

RReferral eferral TToolool

Goal is to develop a risk assessment tool to Goal is to develop a risk assessment tool to

assist medical providers with dental referrals.assist medical providers with dental referrals.





SummarySummary Developed to help meet the need for dental Developed to help meet the need for dental

carecare Began as a surgical, restorative treatment Began as a surgical, restorative treatment

programprogram Progress followed and adjustments made as Progress followed and adjustments made as

a result of scientific investigationsa result of scientific investigations Over time became 100% prevention Over time became 100% prevention

programprogram


Trends in Dental Caries (DMFT)Trends in Dental Caries (DMFT) in 12-17-Year-Old Children in 12-17-Year-Old Children

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1960-62 1976-77 1986-87 2003-04

Blacks

Whites


F

a history of. dental public health in north carolina

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