a journey to the scientific world - jsps · a journey to the scientific world ramesh c. samanta...
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A Journey to the Scientific
World
Ramesh C. Samanta
JSPS post doctoral Fellow
Chubu University, Japan
June 15, 2016
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India: Geographical Location and Description
Total Area: 32,87,364 km2 (No. 7 in
the world)
Population: 1,251,695,584 (2015,
No. 2 in the world)
Capital: New Delhi
Time Zone (IST): GMT + 5.30 hrs
Number of States and Union Territories: 29 States and 7 Union Territories
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India: Languages and Religions
In the history India has experienced several great civilizations in different part of
it and they had different languages. This resulted several different languages:
Majority from Indo Aryan civilization, Dravid civilization.
Major Languages: Hindi and English
Official Languages: Total 23 languages with countless dialect
India is well known for its diversity of religious
beliefs and practices.
All the major religions of the world like
Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam
and Christianity are found and practiced in India
with complete freedom
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Weather in India
Hot summer (Temperature goes up to
50 oC)
Windy monsoon (average rainfall
1000 mm per year)
Pleasant Autumn Snowy winter in Northan part of India
Extreme climate of being tropical country !!!
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Indian Food
North Indian Food South Indian Food
Indian Curry
Indian Spices
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Tourist Attractions in India
Taj Mahal, Agra The Ganges, Varanasi
Sea Beach, Goa
Victoria memorial Hall , Kolkata
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India’s Great Personalities
Mahatma Gandhi Netaji Subhas
Chandra Bose
Jawaaharlal
Nehru
Rabindranath
Tagore
Swami
Vivekananda B. R. Ambedkar Sri Aurobindo Sarojini Naidu
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Indian Nobel Laureates
Kailash Satyarthi
Nobel Peace Prize 2014
Mother Teresa
Nobel Peace Prize 1979
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Nobel Prize in chemistry 2009
Rabindranath Tagore
Nobel Prize in
Literature, 1913
C. V. Raman
Nobel Prize in Physics, 1930 Har Gobind Khorana
Nobel Prize in Medicine,
1968
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Indian Scientists
Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937):
Known for pioneering investigation of radio and microwave
optics and plant biology.
Prafulla Chandra Roy (1861-1944):
Extensive research on mercurous nitrite
Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974)
Known for Bose Einstein Statistics
Meghnad Saha (1893-1956):
Known for thermal ionization, Saha ionization equation
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Indian Scientists
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobish (1893-1972):
Statistician, Known for Mahalanobis distance
Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920): Mathematician,
Known for his contribution in number theory
Ashima Chatterjee (1917-2006): Significant
contribution in synthetic organic chemistry and
phytomedicine: Vincristine
C.N.R. Rao (1934- ):
Known for solid state chemistry, Material science
Govardhan Mehta (1943- ):
Known for remarkable contribution in synthetic organic
chemistry
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Indian Institutes for Science and Technology
Council For Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR): This was
established in 1942 and provide funds for science and
technology.
Department of Science and Technology (DST): This was
established in 1971 and provide funds to promote science and
technology research.
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in
Kolkata: This was founded in 1876 and the work for the
Nobel Prize in Physics to C.V. Raman was conducted in this
institute.
Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore: This was
established in 1899 for higher educational research.
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Indian Institutes for Science and Technology
National Institute of Technology (NITs): They are autonomous institute
for studying engineering. There are 31 NITs located all over the India.
Indian Institute of Technology (IITs): They are autonomous institute for
higher studies in science and engineering. Total 18 of this type of institute
are functioning and 5 new institutes will be established soon.
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER):
Autonomous institute for advanced research in science. There are 6 of
such institute are functioning now 2 more will be started soon.
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR): Two of this type of
institues are functioning now. They have been founded by Tata industrial
group for advancement of science.
Apart from those upper mentioned institution there are many more
universities and institutes where students from abroad can study.
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My Research Career
Bachelor of Science (B. Sc):
Vidyasagar University, India
Master of Science (M. Sc.): Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT-
Kanpur), India
Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.): NRW International Graduate
School of Chemistry, Westfälische
Wilhelms-Universität Münster,
Germany
Current Position: JSPS Postdoctoral
Associate, Chubu University Japan
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Europe
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International Students
NRW International Graduate School of Chemistry
Provides funding to foreign students to go to Germany and and
conduct research in chemistry. They have similar graduate schools
for Biology, Medicine and other branches of science also.
Though deutsch is national language in Germany, English is well
accepted from those programs!!!
I belonged to this graduate school to pursue my doctoral study.
Berlin International Graduate School of Natural Science
and Engineering
Welcomes international students for higher studies in the
universities in Berlin. All the programs are in English!!!
Learning english is the Key to explore the world!!!
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Chemistry for Mankind
Medicines for Fever, Headache, etc…
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Famous Scientists from Japan
Professor Ryoji Noyori
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001
“For his work on chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions”
Professor Hideki Shirakawa
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000
“For the discovery and development of conductive
polymers”
Koichi Tanaka
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
“For development of soft desorption ionisation methods for
mass spectrometric analyses of biological
macromolecules”
He was born in Toyama City, Japan!!!
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Famous Scientists from Japan
Professor Ei-ichi Negishi
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic
synthesis” : Known as Negishi Coupling !!!
Professor Takaaki Kajita
Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics 2015
“for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which
shows that neutrinos have mass”
Professor Akira Suzuki
Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010
“for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic
synthesis” : Known as Suzuki Coupling !!!
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Chemistry
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Catalysis
Catalyst is a substance that helps to synthesize a molecule in a easy way
This lowers the activation
energy of a reaction
A + B C
catalyst
catalyst[A-catalyst]
[A-catalyst-B]
B
A
C
Catalytic cycle
**At the end of the reaction catalyst structure remains unchanged
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Heterogeneous and Homogenious Catalysts
Heterogeneous Catalyst: Catalyst and reactants are
In two different phase
Homogeneous Catalyst: Catalyst and reactants are
in one phase
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Heterogeneous Catalysis
**Catalyst facilitate the reaction but remains in different phase
**Reaction takes place at the surface of the catalyst
**Larger surface area will show high efficiency in catalysis
Haber-Bosch Process for Ammonia (NH3) Production
N2 (gas) + 3H2 (gas)
Metal catalystHigh PressureHigh Temperature
2NH3 (gas)
Advantage: Purification of product is very easy and reusable catalyst
Reaction on metal surface
reactant
product
catalyst catalyst
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Homogeneous Catalysis
**Catalyst and reactants remain in one phase that means they are soluble in
the given solvent.
Example:
Glucose and fructose are produced by acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sugar
(sucrose)
**Catalyst substrate interaction is very good **The reaction rate is faster
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Different Types of Homogeneous Catalysis
Some other example of transition metal catalyzed reactions:
Hydrogenation, Hydroformylation, …..
Advantages: High yield, Low catalyst loading
Disadvantage: Transition metals are toxic !!!!
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Different Types of Homogeneous Catalysis
Organocatalysis
**Typical organic molecules serve as catalyst, no metal is actively involved in
the reaction
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Traditional Medicine from Natural Sources
Quinine is extracted from the bark of
cinchona is used for the treatment of
Malaria. As this is extracted from natural
source, this is called natural product.
Representative example of other natural
products, isolated from marine algae
(Seaweed)
Marine Algae (Seaweed)
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Catalytic Asymmetric Bromocyclization
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Analytical Instruments
NMR: For structure determination of organic
molecule ESIMS: For determination of mass of a molecule
HPLC: Determine the purity of a sample
IR: Functional
group detection Rotary evaporator: Solvent
distillation
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Acknowledgement
Sincere Thanks to Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
All my supervisors and colleagues for continuous support
Toyama High School and Mrs. Nakamura
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Thank You Very Much for Your Kind Attention!!
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Demonstration of Suzuki Miyaura Cross
Coupling Reaction
Procedure:
After
reaction Before
reaction
1) Take 5 mL of Solution A to the vial 2) Add 2.5 mL of Solution B into the same vial 3) Add 2.5 mL of Solution C into the same Vial 4) Shake the vial for 30 seconds 5) Check the color under UV lamp 6) Add 0.1 mL of Solution D into the same via 7) Shake it and check the color under UV Lamp 8) Appearance of Blue color Done