a large surface photomultiplier based on sipm carlos maximiliano mollo, infn naples, italy dr....
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![Page 1: A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, INFN Naples, Italy Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012910/56649ed95503460f94be7957/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM
Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, INFN Naples, Italy
Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Vacuum Photo-Multiplier Tube vs. Silicon Photo-Multiplier
VPMT SiPM
Single photon counting capable
linearity-to-gain ralationship robustness
Low operating voltagesspread in transit time
difficulty in single photon counting
Hamamatsu R7600
Active area 18 x 18 mm2
gain >106
Dark counts few kcps
B-field immunity no
Hamamatsu S10931-025P
Active area 3 x 3 mm2
gain 2.75 x 105
Dark counts few Mcps
B-field immunity yes
Small sensitive surface!
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
To increase sensitive surface
Light concentrators
Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)
Pyramidal concentrators
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC)Monte Carlo Simulations
A detailed simulation of a CPC with 25°acceptance angle (CPC25°) has been performed. The simulated CPC25°is an optical B270 glass cone with 9.01 mm entrance diameter, 2.50 mm exit diameter and 19.25 mm length, which is commercially available by Edmund Optics.
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Pyramidal ConcentratorMonte Carlo Simulations
The pyramidal light concentrator simulated in this work is an optical glass N-BK7 device with 7.5 x 7.5 mm2 entrance surface, 2.5 x 2.5 mm2 exit surface and 50 mm length, commercially available by Edmund Optics. From simulation, a good (and almost uniform up to 20°) transmission efficiency is obtained for this geometry.
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Surface sensitivity measurements
Pyramidal concentratorsPresents an uniform transmissionEfficiency over their entrance Surface!
CPC
Pyramidal Concentrator
Steps by 0.100 mmLaser spot diameter: 0.9 mm
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
MPPC + Light Concentrator measurements
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
For single photon counting applicationspyramidal concentrators are better than CPCsUniform efficiency over entrance surface
Better fill factor using matrices of several MPPC + light concentrator
Greater acceptance angles than CPCwithout compromise surface efficiency uniformity
Light Concentrator choice
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Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Sensitive surface of Single MPPC + Light concentrator is still too small ( 6 x 6 mm2) MPPCs + Light concentrators matrix
Digital OR Circuit based on FPGA
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Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
For example a 2x2Matrix
Single MPPC dataavailable
Possible control on a MPPC malfunction
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
Digital circuit developed using Xilinx ISE 10.1
Simulated using ModelSim by Mentor Graphics
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
FPGA simulations
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
FPGA simulations
Processing time: 5 clock cycles
Clock @ 200 MHz
Processing time: 25 ns
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Evaluation Board
Analog inputs
DATA12 bit LVDS
clock
DATA 16 bit TTL
Ctrl. Add.4 bit TTL USB connection
PC
250 MSps12 bit LVDS
pipelined successiveapproximation architecture
ADC
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Evaluation Board
Analog inputs
DATA12 bit LVDS
clock
DATA 16 bit TTL
Ctrl. Add.4 bit TTL USB connection
PC
ADC
12 bits: 4096 levels Reference voltage: 2.5 VSingle photo-electron signal: 5 mV
8 quantization levels for each single photo-electron detectedMaximum photo-electrons detectable: 500
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Timing Analysis
ADC
Latency L 7.5 Clock Cycles
FPGA
Latency 5 Clock Cycles
Total Latency13 Clock Cycles
65 ns @ 200 MHz
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
FPGA Place and route
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Evaluation Board test
we have seen a drastic dark counts reductionUsing a threshold corresponding to 3 photo-electrons
Power consumption:350 mA @ 5.5V
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Our goal To build a 9x9 elements
matrix with a total surface of 22.5 x 22.5 mm2
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Modular System
We can make a matrix of matrices with the same paradigm used for MPPCs
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
Thank you!
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Dr. Carlos M. Mollo - A Large Surface Photomultiplier based on SiPM - VLVνT Workshop 2011 - Erlangen, Germany
References
[1] A.A. Radu et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 446 (2000) 497-505. [2] F. Lucarelli et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 589 (2008) 415–424. [3] K. Bernlöhr et al., Astroparticle Physics 20 (2003) 111–128. [4] R. Winston, W.T. Welford, High Collection Nonimaging Optics, Academic Press, New York, 1989. [5] www.edmundoptics.com [6] J. Ninkovic et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 617 (2010) 407–410. [7] W.G.Oldham IEEE ‘TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. ED-19, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 1972.
[8] G. Barbarino, R. de Asmundis, G. De Rosa, C. M. Mollo, S. Russo and D. Vivolo (2011). Silicon Photo Multipliers Detectors Operating in Geiger Regime: an Unlimited Device for Future Applications, Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011, Jeong-Woo Park (Ed.) ISBN: 978-953-307-530-3, InTech.
[9] KENNET KAD5612P data sheet.
[10] XILINX Spartan 3E data sheet.