a larger world opens : expanded influence of western civilization
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A Larger World Opens : Expanded Influence of Western Civilization. Age of Exploration. Motives in the Age of Exploration. Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization
Age of Exploration
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Motives in the Age of Exploration
Attracted to East for silks and spices Difficult to trade with Islamic empires
• 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure Tired of Ottoman and Venetian
middlemen getting all the profits religious zeal- save souls, converts Summary: Gold, Glory and God
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Improvements in Navigation
Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass
better ships- triangle AND square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon
use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars
knowledge of wind patterns
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Better ships
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De Verga Map 1411
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Account of the Islands of the Mediterranean. Martellus, Henricus, Germanus; Florence 1489
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Better Technology: Compass
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From the Astrolabe…
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…to the Sextant
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Prince Henry the Navigator
1394-1460 Helped develop caravel Began exploring coast
of Africa at 21 following defeat of Barbary pirates
Sponsored explorers, cartographers
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Why were the Portuguese first?
Location, location, location!• At the tip of the Iberian Peninsula, farther
from the Ottoman Empire, and very close to coast of Africa
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Portuguese Explorers
Bartolomeo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488
Vasco de Gama- 1498 went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India
1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China
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The Spanish
believed had to be a short cut by sailing west
Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 arrived in Caribbean thought it was the
Indies thus the west Indies- Magellan- around the world East and West divided- Pope drew a
line Spain and Portugal
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Pattern of Contact
Begin by trading Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon set up trading partners- some stay to
protect partners and Europeans made alliances with local leaders Dutch and English less apt to become
involved with culture/religion developed mercantilism- material from
colony- buy finished products from Europe.
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Slave Trade
Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations
Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans
But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip
African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate
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Spice Trade-East Indies
Very important to Europeans- made food palatable
Portuguese again led the way Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 Dutch East India Company very
aggressive- competed with British East India Company
Both dominated the East Indies and India
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Impact on World by European Contact
Purpose was to serve the homeland whether it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly.
In the Americas • More intermarriage by Spanish, Portuguese
and French• Disease was devastating. Measles,
influenza, smallpox• Violence common
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The World Dominated by Europe(cont)
Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia
Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia
India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948
South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too