a lesson for the 8 th grade student

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08

A lesson for the 8th grade student

Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMannon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella

HSC4302 Spring 2008


What will you learn?• Causes of infectious diseases

– Who, What, Where?• Common infectious diseases

– Bacterial– Viral

• Preventing infectious diseases– Active immunity– Passive immunity


Infectious Diseases• “Disease caused

by organisms that enter the human body and multiply.”

• The history– Since the

beginning of time.


What is the cause?• Most infections are caused by

pathogens.• Pathogens live on all surfaces• Can spread through many different

vectors and vehicles.


5 Causes1. Bacterial2. Viral3. Fungi

4. Protozoan5. Rickettsias


The Virus vs. The BacteriaBacterial

• Most are harmless• Causes most

respiratory illnesses

• Can be cured by antibiotics

Viral• Causes the most

illnesses• Causes most forms

of the common cold

• Cannot be cured by antibiotics


Spreading it around

• Direct Contact• Indirect Contact • Animals• Vectors• Vehicles • Inanimate Objects• Environment


Getting Sick is Never Fun

• Common Cold• Influenza• Tuberculosis• Strep Throat• Encephalitis• Meningitis• Mononucleosis


Common Cold• What is it?

– Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat)

• How did I get it?– Droplets in the air– Hand-to-Hand contact – Handling Contaminated Objects


Common Cold• What are the symptoms?

– Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus.

– Runny or Stuffy Nose– Sneezing– Sore Throat– Cough– Congestion– Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)


Common Cold• How do I treat it?

– No cure– Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses– Pain Relievers – Decongestant Nasal Sprays– Cough Syrups


Influenza (The Flu) What is it?

• Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs)How did I get it?

• Spread through droplets in the air

What are the symptoms?

• High grade fever (101 F)

• Chills and Sweats• Dry Cough• Headache • Body aches &

weakness• Congestion


Influenza (The Flu)

• How do I treat it?– Bed Rest– Plenty of fluids– Antiviral

Medications may be prescribed by doctor

– Get your flu shot!!!


Tuberculosis • What is it?

– Bacterial infection that affects your lungs

– TB infection vs. active TB– Very dangerous! (active TB)

• How did I get it?– Highly contagious (active TB)– Spread through droplets in the air


TuberculosisWhat are the

symptoms• TB infection:

– No symptoms – Not contagious

• Active TB:– Cough lasting 3 or

more weeks– Pain with breathing

& coughing– Slight Fever– Unexplained weight

loss– Chills– Night Sweats


Tuberculosis• How do I treat it?• TB infection:

– TB medication INH used for 6-9 months • Active TB:

– Several TB medications– Hospitalization


Strep Throat• What is it?

– Bacterial throat infection

• How did I get it?– Streptococcal

bacteria– Highly contagious– Bacteria spread

through droplets in air

• What are the symptoms?– Sore throat– Red, swollen tonsils– Swollen, tender

lymph glands (in neck)

– Fever– Headache


Strep Throat

• How do I treat it?– Antibiotics

• Treating strep is very important!


Encephalitis• What is it?

– Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain

– Can be life-threatening• How did I get it?

– Insects – Other viruses


Encephalitis • What are the

symptoms?– Drowsiness– Seizures– Sudden Fever– Severe Headache– Nausea and

Vomiting– Stiff neck

• How do I treat it?– Mild infections:

•Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids

– More severe infections: •anti-viral drugs


Meningitis• What is it?

– Inflammation of the meninges– Can be viral or bacterial– Meningococcal Meningitis

• How did I get it?– Spread through air droplets and direct

contact with an infected person


Meningitis• What are the symptoms?

– High fever– Severe headache– Vomiting and nausea– Seizures– Confusion– Sleepiness


Meningitis• How do I treat it?

– Meningococcal Vaccine available!

– Bacterial meningitis: • Immediate

treatment VERY IMPORTANT

• Requires IV antibiotics


Mononucleosis• What is it?

– Mono- “The Kissing Disease”– Virus

• How did I get it?– Virus is transmitted through saliva


Mononucleosis• What are the

symptoms?– Weakness – Sore throat– Fever– Swollen lymph

nodes & tonsils– Skin rash

• How do I treat it?– Bed Rest– Plenty of fluids


Lets Experiment with Each Other

•WARNING: Do Not sniff, drink, or spill the liquid in your cups!

• Follow instructions carefully.• Have fun!


How?• Active Immunity

– Life long immunity– Developed over

time•Ex:

–Disease A: Chicken Pox

–Bacteria A–Bacteria Aa

• Passive Immunity– Temporary

immunity•Few months

– Mother to baby


Vaccines• 3 major types

– Live Virus•Made from weakened

virus strain– Killed Virus

•Cause body to produce antibodies

– Toxoids•Destroys toxic

properties


Impact of Meningitis Vaccine


It’s Common Sense!

• Always wash your hands

• Keep your house clean

• If some is sick do not:– Kiss– Hug– Be in close contact

• Never share your toothbrush

• The “five second rule” does not exist.

• Cook food completely

• Maintain healthy diet


Community Resources• Alachua County Health Department

224 SE 24th St.Gainesville, FL 32641(352)334-7900

• School Nurse• American Red Cross

1724 NE 2nd StGainesville, FL 32609(352) 376-4669

a lesson for the 8 th grade student

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