a linearization method for polynomial eigenvalue problems using a contour integral junko asakura,...

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A Linearization method f or Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integra l Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hir oto Tadano Department of Computer Science, University of Tsu kuba Tsutomu Ikegami Grid Technology Research Center, AIST Kinji Kimura Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Kyoto University Nonlinear

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Page 1: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral

Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba T

sutomu IkegamiGrid Technology Research Center, AIST

Kinji KimuraDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Kyoto University

Nonlinear

Page 2: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Outline

• Background• Linearization method for PEPs using a contour integral • Extension to analytic functions • Numerical Examples• Conclusions

Page 3: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Background

Page 4: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems

• Oscillation analysis with damping• Stability problems in uid dynamicsfl• 3D-Schrödinger equation etc

F(z) x = 0F(z) = zlAl + zl-1Al-1 + ・・・ + zA1 + A0

Ak

Applications:

Eigenvalues in a specified domain are required in some applications

Page 5: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Projection method for generalized eigenvalue problems

using a contour integral

[1] Sakurai, T., Sugiura, H., A projection method for generalized eigenvalue problems. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 159( 2003)119-128

Sakurai-Sugiura(SS) method [1]

Ax = Bx

Page 6: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Linearization method for polynomial eigenvalue problems using a contour integral

Page 7: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Sakurai-Sugiura method: a positively oriented closed Jordan curve

: eigenpairs of the matrix pencil(A, B) in Γ (j=1,..., m)

(j, uj)

The eigenvalues of the pencil (H< , Hm) are given by 1, …, m.m

v : an arbitrary nonzero vector

Page 8: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Modification of the moments k for PEPs

: a positively oriented closed Jordan curve

: eigenpairs of the matrix pencil(A, B) in Γ (j=1,..., m)

(j, uj)

Page 9: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Modification of the moments k for PEPs

F(z) = zlAl + zl-1Al-1 + ・・・ + zA1 + A0

Ak

Page 10: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

The Main Theorem

The eigenvalues of the pencil

are given by 1, …, m

F(z): a regular polynomial matrix 1, …, m: simple eigenvalues of F(z) in

Page 11: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

The Smith Form F(z) : n × n regular matrix polynomial

P(z)F(z)Q(z) = D(z)where

D(z) =

di : monic scalar polynomials s.t. di is divisible by di-1

P(z), Q(z) : n×n matrix polynomials with constant nonzero determinants

F(z) admits the representation

.

Page 12: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

,,

F(z): a regular polynomial matrix 1, …, m: simple eigenvalues of F(z) in

P(z)F(z)Q(z) = D(z): The Smith Form of F(z)

Page 13: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Linearization method for polynomial eigenvalue problems

using a contour integralPolynomial Eigenvalue Problem

F(z)x = 0F(z) = zlAl + zl-1Al-1 + ・・・ + zA1 + A0

Generalized Eigenvalue ProblemH< x = Hmx

H< = [i+j-2]i, j=1, Hm = [i+j-1]i, j=1

mm

mm

Page 14: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Extension into Analytic Functions

fij: an analytic function in , i, j= 1, …, n

F(z) x = 0

Page 15: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

(1) Interchange two rows(2) Add to some row another row multiplied by an analytic function inside and on the given domain(3) Multiply a row by a nonzero complex number

together with the three corresponding operations on columns.

Elementary transformations

Page 16: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

the Smith Form for Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problem

F(z) : n × n regular matrix

P(z)F(z)Q(z) = D(z)where

D(z) =

di: analytic function inside and on such that di is divisible by di-1, i=1, …, n-1

P(z), Q(z) : n×n matrix with constant nonzero determinants

F(z) admits the representation

Page 17: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Block version of the Sakurai-Sugiura method

,

Block SS method[2]

[2] T. Ikegami, T. Sakurai, U. Nagashima, A filter diagonalization for generalized eigenvalue problems based on the Sakurai-Sugiura method (submitted)

: a positively oriented closed Jordan curve: eigenpairs of the matrix polynomial F(z) in Γ (j=1,..., m) (j, uj)

V : a regular matrix

Page 18: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Computation of Mk

j := + exp(2i/N(j+1/2)), j = 0, …, N-1

k = 0, …, 2m-1

Approximate the integral of k via N-point trapezoidal rule:

,

V , det(V) ≠ 0

Page 19: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Computation of the eigenvectors of F(z)

qn(j) = jSxj, j≠ 0

The eigenvectors of F(z) are computed by

where

xj: eigenvectors of the pencil (H<, Hm)m

S = [s0, …, sk], k=0, …, m-1

Page 20: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Algorithm: Block SS methodInput: F(z), V , N, M, , Output: 1, …, K, qn(1), …, qn(K)

• Set j ← + exp(2i/N(j+1/2)), j = 0, …, N-1

• Compute VHF(j)-1V, j = 0,…, N-1

• Compute Mk, k = 0, …, 2m-1• Construct Hankel matrices • Compute the eigenvalues 1, …, K of

• Compute qn(1), …, qn(K)

• Set j = + j, j = 1, ..., K

Page 21: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Numerical Examples

Page 22: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Numerical ExamplesTest Problems• Example1: Quadratic Eigenvalue Problem • Example2: Eigenvalue Problem for a Matrix whose elements are Analytic Functions• Example3: Quartic Eigenvalue Problem

Test Environment • MacBook Core2Duo 2.0GHz• Memory 2.0Gbytes• MATLAB 7.4.0

Page 23: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Example1

Eigenvalues:

1/3, 1/2, 1, i, -i, ∞

Test Matrix:

Γ= ei| 0≦≦2 } γ = 0, L = 1

Parameters:

5 eigenvalues lie in

×

××××

Re

Im eigenvalue

Page 24: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Results of Example1

k residual

1 0.333333333333717 1.05e-13 1.78e-14

2 0.499999999999529 8.24e-14 1.41e-14

3 1.000000000000120 9.10e-15 1.53e-14

4 1.000000000000009

i 1.02e-15 1.94e-14

5-1.000000000000009

i 1.02e-15 1.49e-14

: result, : exact

Page 25: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Example2

Test matrix:

Eigenvalues:

0, /2, -/2, , -log7(≒1.9459) ≦z≦)

Γ= ei| 0≦≦2 } γ = 0, 3.2L = 2

Parameters:

Equivalent to

Page 26: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Results of Example2

k residual

1 -3.1415926535897891 1.27e-15 7.10e-11

2 -1.5707963267942768 3.95e-13 4.27e-11

3 0.0000000000006607 6.61e-13 5.87e-10

4 1.5707963267612979 2.14e-11 1.76e-09

5 1.9459101513382451 1.17e-09 8.64e-08

6 3.1415926535890546 2.35e-13 6.52e-09

: result, : exact

Page 27: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Example3

Test Matrix: Quartic Matrix Polynomial “butterfly” in NLEVP[3]

[3] T. Betcke, N. J. Higham, V. Mehrmann, C. Schröder, and F. Tisseur, NLEVP: A Collection of Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems, MIMS EPrint 2008.40 (2008)

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

F(z) = 4A4+3A3+2A2+A1+A0

Ai , i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Page 28: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Example3

Parameters:

Γ= ei| 0≦≦2 } γ = 1-i,

L = 24

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

→A total of 13 eigenvalues lie in

Page 29: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Results of Example3

-1.4

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

+: results of “polyeig” o: results of the proposed method

max residual of eigenvalues calculated by the proposed method: 7.40e-12

Page 30: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Conclusions

Page 31: A Linearization method for Polynomial Eigenvalue Problems using a contour integral Junko Asakura, Tetsuya Sakurai, Hiroto Tadano Department of Computer

June 10, 2008 A linearization method for PEPs IWASEP7, Dubrovnik

Conclusions

Summary of Our Study• We proposed a linearization method for PEPs using a contour integral.• We extended the proposed method to nonlinear eigenvalue problems.

Future Study• Precise theoretical observation of the extension to nonli

near eigenvalue problems• Estimation of suitable parameters