a list of highly influential biomedical researchers, 2011 · we have generated a list of highly...
TRANSCRIPT
A list of highly influential biomedical researchers,1996–2011Kevin W. Boyack*, Richard Klavans†, Aaron A. Sorensen‡ and John P.A. Ioannidis§
*SciTech Strategies Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA, †SciTech Strategies Inc., Berwyn, PA 19312, USA, ‡TempleUniversity School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA, §Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305,USA
ABSTRACTWe have generated a list of highly influential biomedical researchers based on Scopus citation data from theperiod 1996-2011. Of the 15,153,100 author identifiers in Scopus, approximately 1% (n=149,655) have an h-index >=20. Of those, we selected 532 authors who belonged to the 400 with highest total citation count(>=25,142 citations) and/or the 400 with highest h-index (>=76). Of those, we selected the top-400 living corebiomedical researchers based on a normalized score combining total citations and h-index. Another 62 authorswhose focus is outside biomedicine had a normalized score that was at least as high as the score of the 400thcore biomedical researcher. We provide information on the profile of these most influential authors, includingthe most common Medical Subject Heading terms in their articles that are also specific to their work, mostcommon journals where they publish, number of papers with over 100 citations that they have published asfirst/single, last, or middle authors, and impact score adjusted for authorship positions, given that crude citationindices and authorship positions are almost totally orthogonal. We also show for each researcher the distributionof their papers across 4 main levels (basic-to-applied) of research. We discuss technical issues, limitations andcaveats, comparisons against other lists of highly-cited researchers, and potential uses of this resource.
Keywords Bibliometrics, biomedical researchers, citation counts, h-index, scientific impact, scientometrics.
Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43 (12): 1339–1365
Introduction
The world of modern science has become increasingly com-
petitive in recent years. Literature-based metrics are playing a
greater role in decision-making than in the past [1]. Many
researchers are highly aware of their so-called status, and check
diverse metrics related to the impact of their work on a regular
basis. The differing dimensions of impact and reasons for citing
are receiving renewed discussion and analysis [2–6]. Although
citation counts and related metrics (e.g. journal impact factor,
h-index for individual researchers) are typically considered as
proxy for impact [7], the nature of that impact is rarely, if ever,
specified.
It is within this context of creating a better understanding of
impact(s) that we have created a list of highly influential bio-
medical researchers. Ranking of scientists is explicitly not the
main purpose of this list. Rather, we wanted to identify a pool
of researchers who have had sustained success in highly
influential work and who would thus presumably have sub-
stantial insight into differing features that could be associated
with high impact. This list is being used in an ongoing survey
where highly cited researchers are asked about the features of
their most-cited articles. However, the list may be of use for
many other purposes, as we discuss below.
Method and construction of database
We created a list of 400 highly influential biomedical scientists
using an XML copy of the entire Scopus database obtained
from Elsevier in June 2012. Scopus data contain author identi-
fiers for each individual researcher (http://www.info.sciverse.
com/scopus/scopus-in-detail/tools/authoridentifier). We
used these Scopus author identifiers rather than attempting
to solve the author identity or disambiguation problem [8]
independently. Scopus author identifiers do suffer to some
extent from the two main problems associated with the author
identity problem – polysemy (multiple authors merged in a
single identifier) and synonymy (multiple identifiers for a sin-
gle author). Based on our experience, as many as 10% of prolific
authors have more than one Scopus author identifier (unpub-
lished observation). However, in the majority of these cases, the
papers are split between one very large profile that is weighted
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1339
DOI: 10.1111/eci.12171
PERSPECTIVE
towards older publications and one that is much smaller con-
taining a few newer publications. Thus, few cases of synonymy
have a large or deleterious effect on metrics. Polysemy occurs
far less often, but is much more problematic from a metrics
point of view because the works of multiple authors are
counted together. Polysemy is most often associated with
common names. Many of the cases are easy to identify due to
an unnaturally large number of papers associated with an
author identifier.
The method we used to identify highly influential research-
ers assumes that the Scopus author identifiers have been cor-
rectly assigned to individual papers, and that each Scopus
author profile contains only papers authored by that researcher.
The method used was as follows. For each of the 15 153 100
Scopus author identifiers:
1 The number of articles published between 1996–2011, along
with all citations to those articles as of the end of 2011, was
counted.
2 These articles and citations to them were used to calculate an
h-index [9] as of the end of 2011.
3 Using a local copy of the PubMed database covering the
same time period, and for which we had previously linked
Scopus records with PubMed records [10], we determined
the fraction of publications from (1) that also appear in
PubMed.
Of the over 15 million author identifiers, 149 655 (corre-
sponding to 1% of the total) had an h-index of at least 20. These
authors were ranked by total citation counts and by h-index.
The number of authors with an h-index of at least 30, 40, 50, 60,
70 and 80, was 45 752; 15 385; 5185; 1773; 717, and 281,
respectively. We focused on those authors who were ranked in
the top 400 by either h-index or by total citation count, that is,
those that had either h-index of at least 76 or total citation count
of at least 25 142. This resulted in a list of 532 authors. 268
authors were ranked in the top 400 using both metrics, while
264 were ranked in the top 400 using one metric or the other.
Sorting of the 532 researchers was accomplished by first
normalizing their total citation counts and h-index values to the
top such values (100 939 citations for Shizuo Akira; h-index of
156 for Walter Willett), and then averaging these two normal-
ized values. There are many ways of measuring impact. Rather
than choosing a single value upon which to sort, we chose to
include both total citation counts and h-index in our process.
There are obviously highly influential researchers across all
scientific fields. We chose to generate a focused list of 400
researchers who publish primarily in biomedicine. Upon
inspection,we found that all highly cited researcherswith at least
80% of their publications linked to PubMed could be clearly
classified as core biomedical researchers. In addition, for those
with PubMed linked fractions between 60–80%, roughly half
could be considered as core biomedical researcherswhile the rest
have a focus outside biomedicine. The proportion of PubMed
linkage of the articles of these authorswas apparently lower than
the true values, because of potential inaccuracies in the linkage
process or uneven coverage in one source or the other. For these
cases, biomedical researchers were definitively separated from
nonbiomedical researchers by inspection of Medical Subject
Heading (MeSH) terms associated with their work and the jour-
nals inwhich theymainly publish. Thosewith PubMed fractions
below 60% were clearly nonbiomedical researchers.
The disposition of the 532 authors was as follows. The top
407 core biomedical researchers (seven deceased, 400 living)
form our list of highly influential biomedical researchers. These
are listed in Table 1 along with numbers of articles, total cita-
tion counts, h-index and the normalized score. Institutions in
Table 1 are best estimates of the authors’ primary affiliations,
but may not be completely accurate due to mobility or joint
appointments. Table 2 lists the 62 nonbiomedical researchers
whose normalized score is higher than the lowest normalized
score of the researchers listed in Table 1. These authors would
have appeared on the list if we were making no distinction
between biomedical and nonbiomedical subject areas.
The remaining 63 authors are not included in either list for
the following reasons: 12 were removed from the list because
the numbers of articles associated with those author names,
combined with them having common names, made us suspi-
cious that these were cases of polysemy; seven had fewer than
three papers cited at least 100 times for which they were first,
single or last authors, likely indicating that others were prin-
cipal investigators on the vast majority of the work associated
with their publications; and 44 had normalized scores less than
those of the biomedical authors in Table 1.
Tables 1 and 2 also list the dominant specialty journal
(excluding the multidisciplinary journals Science, Nature, PNAS
and PLoS One) for the articles of each highly cited scientist. This
information may offer insight for the main field(s) where each
scientist is working. To offer some further information, we have
also selected differentiating MeSH terms from their publica-
tions. To do this, we first remove a list of the most common
terms (e.g. human, male, female, etc.), check terms and geo-
graphical terms; after this step, the top remaining terms for
each scientists may still be too generic (a common issue with
any thesaurus); therefore, we use the following formula to rank
MeSH terms: log(1 + n/nptot)*n/nkwd where n = #times the
MeSH term occurs (for an author), nptot=number of papers by
the author, nkwd = #times the MeSH term occurs across all of
PubMed. The formula thus rewards a MeSH term that is
dominant for the author, but penalizes that term if it is com-
mon. To avoid selecting MeSH terms that are highly specific to
the author but represent only a tiny proportion of his/her
1340 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Highly
influentialbiomedicalrese
archers
(Sco
pus1996–2
011)
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Abeca
sis,
Gonc �a
loR.
UniversityofMichigan
Nature
Genetics
184
26910
69
0�35
47
12
39
0�11
6
Aebersold,Ruedi
ETH
Zurich
Molecu
larandCellular
Proteomics
443
40713
92
0�49
72
49
37
0�28
8
Aggarw
al,BharatB.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
433
27004
93
0�43
216
61
10
0�38
2
Akira,Shizuo
Osa
kaUniversity
JournalofIm
munology
915
100939
153
0�99
015
92
119
0�46
9
Alitalo,Kari
UniversityofHelsinki
Blood
358
34461
104
0�50
42
51
53
0�25
2
Allis,C.David
Rock
efellerUniversity
Cell
221
39449
98
0�51
01
46
49
0�24
9
Alnemri,EmadS.
ThomasJefferson
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
137
24523
77
0�36
82
22
36
0�14
7
Alt,Frederick
W.
Harvard
University
JournalofExperimentalMedicine
276
23173
91
0�40
60
44
40
0�21
3
Altman,DouglasG.
UniversityofOxford
British
MedicalJournal
474
33049
86
0�43
911
31
33
0�24
6
Altsh
uler,David
Harvard
University
Nature
Genetics
204
35366
84
0�44
45
21
51
0�15
0
Amann,Rudolf
MaxPlanck
Institute
for
MarineMicrobiology
AppliedandEnvironmental
Microbiology
240
19173
78
0�34
55
30
28
0�19
2
Anderson,David
J.
Abbott
Laboratories
Neuron
332
21743
78
0�35
83
36
26
0�21
5
Anderson,Kenneth
C.
Harvard
University
Blood
773
37405
96
0�49
30
69
24
0�36
6
Antm
an,ElliottM.
Harvard
University
Circu
lation
416
46810
103
0�56
216
981
0�13
3
Appelbaum,Frederick
R.
UniversityofWash
ington
Blood
368
22428
79
0�36
43
15
40
0�11
3
Aravind,L.
USNIH
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
263
30970
84
0�42
325
14
29
0�24
2
Auwerx,Johan
Eco
lePolytech
nique
Federale
deLausa
nne
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
292
25278
83
0�39
15
40
28
0�24
1
Bake
r,David
MarquetteUniversity
JournalofMolecu
larBiology
392
23191
83
0�38
14
44
16
0�28
6
Banch
ereau,
Jacq
ues
BaylorInstitute
for
ImmunologyRese
arch
JournalofExperimental
Medicine
261
32867
82
0�42
68
22
37
0�19
1
Barnes,
PeterJ.
ImperialCollegeLondon
America
nJournalof
Resp
iratory
andCritica
l
Care
Medicine
829
52532
115
0�62
939
60
40
0�44
8
Barrett-Connor,
Elizabeth
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
JournalofClinical
EndocrinologyandMetabolism
507
29924
79
0�40
113
14
32
0�18
4
Bartel,David
P.
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Cell
128
35572
70
0�40
13
35
26
0�23
8
Base
lga,Jos� e
MemorialSloan-
KetteringCance
rCenter
JournalofClinicalOnco
logy
259
31813
79
0�41
120
22
28
0�24
6
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1341
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Bates,
David
W.
Harvard
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
MedicalInform
atics
Ass
ociation
565
26741
79
0�38
612
28
20
0�25
7
Bax,JeroenJ.
LeidenUniversity
America
nJournalof
Cardiology
1200
31253
78
0�40
512
15
42
0�15
8
Baylin,StephenB.
JohnsHopkins
University
Cance
rRese
arch
234
40100
93
0�49
77
25
56
0�18
1
Beal,M.Flint
CornellUniversity
JournalofNeuroch
emistry
345
25140
87
0�40
313
28
30
0�23
3
Biederm
an,Jose
ph
Harvard
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
Aca
demy
ofChildandAdolesc
ent
Psy
chiatry
611
31702
92
0�45
226
850
0�18
3
Birney,Ewan
Wellco
meTrust
Sanger
Institute
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
161
32627
61
0�35
77
836
0�10
5
Bluestone,JeffreyA.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisco
JournalofIm
munology
262
21905
78
0�35
95
38
21
0�24
1
Bork,Peer
EuropeanMolecu
lar
BiologyLaboratory
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
353
50431
100
0�57
09
39
54
0�26
8
Botstein,David
Prince
tonUniversity
Molecu
larBiologyoftheCell
201
61941
88
0�58
92
19
62
0�14
9
Bousq
uet,Jean
HopitalArnaudde
Villeneuve
Allergy:EuropeanJournalof
AllergyandClinical
Immunology
632
25175
77
0�37
112
11
30
0�16
1
Bouter,LexM.
Vrije
Universiteit
Spine
467
26533
88
0�41
30
26
45
0�15
1
Braunwald,Eugene
Harvard
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
CollegeofCardiology
515
56306
109
0�62
89
82
26
0�48
9
Breedveld,
FerdinandC.
LeidenUniversity
Annals
oftheRheumatic
Disease
s
423
25391
76
0�36
94
148
0�03
5
Brennan,MurrayF.
MemorialSloan-
KetteringCance
rCenter
Annals
ofSurgicalOnco
logy
471
25388
84
0�39
52
33
34
0�20
0
Breteler,
MoniqueM.B.
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
Neurology
410
26011
89
0�41
42
41
34
0�23
1
Brooks
,David
J.
ImperialCollegeLondon
Brain
338
20502
78
0�35
20
24
36
0�14
1
Brown,PatrickO.
Stanford
University
GenomeBiology
224
64210
100
0�63
91
33
66
0�21
7
Buch
ler,MarkusW
.UniversityofHeidelberg
DigestiveSurgery
1329
28091
76
0�38
34
25
16
0�24
7
Bullmore,Edward
T.
UniversityofCambridge
NeuroIm
age
358
21691
80
0�36
46
15
37
0�13
2
Buring,JulieE.
Harvard
University
Circu
lation
469
32896
83
0�42
90
18
52
0�11
0
1342 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Califf,Robert
M.
Duke
University
America
nHeart
Journal
893
53030
114
0�62
84
31
103
0�15
9
Cameron,JohnL.
JohnsHopkins
University
Annals
ofSurgery
264
17393
76
0�33
01
12
50
0�06
8
Cannon,
ChristopherP.
Harvard
University
America
nJournalofCardiology
609
30710
81
0�41
214
450
0�10
9
Cantley,Lewis
C.
Harvard
University
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
278
38075
101
0�51
22
42
57
0�22
3
Cardon,LonR.
GlaxoSmithKline
America
nJournalofHuman
Genetics
178
29968
71
0�37
63
940
0�08
7
Carm
eliet,Peter
Katholieke
Universiteit
Leuven
JournalofClinicalInvestigation
464
38240
88
0�47
123
23
33
0�27
5
Caron,Marc
G.
Duke
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
272
24052
82
0�38
20
44
22
0�25
5
Chambon,Pierre
UniversitedeStrasb
ourg
Development
410
31519
99
0�47
31
26
72
0�12
9
Charney,Dennis
S.
MountSinaiSch
oolof
Medicine
BiologicalPsy
chiatry
376
25079
88
0�40
65
35
36
0�21
4
Chrouso
s,GeorgeP.
UniversityofAthens
JournalofClinicalEndocrinology
andMetabolism
637
28746
86
0�41
85
42
26
0�26
9
Clarke,Mike*
Queen’s
University
Belfast
Lance
t325
29503
65
0�35
44
12
30
0�12
3
Clevers,Hans
Utrech
tUniversity
Cell
273
31626
82
0�41
93
55
21
0�30
8
Cohen,Philip*
UniversityofDundee
Bioch
emicalJournal
231
29040
83
0�41
012
32
32
0�23
7
Colditz,
Graham
A.
Wash
ingtonUniversity
St.Louis
Cance
rEpidemiology
Biomarkers
andPrevention
725
60962
132
0�72
58
44
117
0�22
3
Collen,D� esir� e
Katholieke
Universiteit
Leuven
ThrombosisandHaemostasis
375
25706
80
0�38
41
15
45
0�10
1
Collins,
FrancisS.
USNIH
Nature
Genetics
504
63972
107
0�66
012
31
73
0�24
5
Collins,
Rory
UniversityofOxford
Lance
t201
41715
63
0�40
96
639
0�09
6
Colombo,Antonio
UniversitaVita-Salute
SanRaffaele
Catheterizationand
CardiovascularInterventions
632
29351
84
0�41
55
33
35
0�21
6
Cook,
DeborahJ.
McM
asterUniversity
Critica
lCare
Medicine
481
29612
86
0�42
29
10
54
0�11
0
Cooper,Cyrus
Universityof
Southampton
OsteoporosisInternational
630
24663
82
0�38
57
18
34
0�16
3
Copeland,NealG.
HoustonMethodist
Genomics
430
29695
92
0�44
21
13
70
0�07
4
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1343
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Cordon-Cardo,Carlos
MountSinaiSch
ool
ofMedicine
ClinicalCance
rRese
arch
339
27297
84
0�40
42
12
57
0�08
0
Corey,Lawrence
UniversityofWash
ington
JournalofInfectious
Disease
s
429
23236
87
0�39
43
34
33
0�20
8
Cortes,
Jorge
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
Cance
r683
25045
81
0�38
47
648
0�08
2
Cox,Nancy
J.
USCDC
America
nJournalofHuman
Genetics
371
30723
84
0�42
14
17
57
0�11
3
Croce
,CarloM.
Ohio
State
University
Cance
rRese
arch
533
42304
104
0�54
34
44
61
0�23
9
Cummings,
JeffreyL.
ClevelandClinic
Foundation
Neurology
416
27099
83
0�40
012
18
45
0�16
0
Cummings,
StevenR.
California
PacificMedical
Center
JournalofBoneand
MineralRese
arch
404
30805
83
0�41
910
38
23
0�28
3
D’Agostino,RalphB.
BostonUniversity
Circu
lation
405
38148
97
0�50
04
13
76
0�09
1
Dahlof,Bj€ orn
Goteborg
University
JournalofHypertension
280
27647
61
0�33
24
632
0�07
9
Daly,Mark
J.
Harvard
University
Nature
Genetics
285
54112
96
0�57
61
883
0�05
6
Davis,RogerJ.
Universityof
Mass
ach
use
tts
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
275
33725
93
0�46
52
32
54
0�18
0
Davis,Ronald
W.
Stanford
University
Nature
Genetics
284
39327
69
0�41
60
15
41
0�11
1
Dawso
n,TedM.
JohnsHopkinsUniversity
JournalofNeuroscience
256
22141
80
0�36
63
27
39
0�15
9
Dawso
n,ValinaL.
JohnsHopkins
University
JournalofNeuroscience
216
20136
77
0�34
75
22
38
0�14
4
DeClercq,Erik
Katholieke
Universiteit
Leuven
JournalofMedicinalChemistry
1215
34184
86
0�44
522
16
30
0�24
9
Delm
as,
PierreD.
DECEASED
(Universite
ClaudeBernard
Lyon1)
JournalofBoneand
Mineral
Rese
arch
469
31469
89
0�44
111
29
41
0�21
8
Delouka
s,Panos
Wellco
meTrust
Sanger
Institute
Nature
Genetics
213
34323
64
0�37
52
746
0�06
1
DePinho,Ronald
A.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
GenesandDevelopment
287
31217
93
0�45
31
52
39
0�26
1
Devereux,Richard
B.
CornellUniversity
Hypertension
506
26782
73
0�36
77
15
31
0�15
2
DiMarzo,Vince
nzo
CNR,Italy
British
JournalofPharm
aco
logy
410
24185
82
0�38
316
31
18
0�27
7
Dickson,Dennis
W.
MayoClinic
Neurology
481
29615
86
0�42
26
854
0�08
7
Dietz,W
illiam
H.
USCDC
Pediatrics
160
28958
61
0�33
98
22
13
0�23
6
1344 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Dim
meler,Stefanie
UniversityofFrankfurt
Circu
lationRese
arch
308
30558
94
0�45
318
50
20
0�35
0
Dinarello,CharlesA.
UniversityofColorado
HealthScience
sCenter
JournalofIm
munology
373
23324
78
0�36
621
17
26
0�21
7
Dixit,VishvaM.
Genentech
Inco
rporated
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
178
34069
82
0�43
21
51
24
0�29
5
Dobso
n,
ChristopherM.
UniversityofCambridge
JournalofMolecu
larBiology
398
27923
82
0�40
18
34
26
0�24
8
Dolan,RaymondJ.
UniversityCollege
London
NeuroIm
age
395
33800
102
0�49
46
85
17
0�41
7
Dougados,
Maxim
eUniversiteParis5
Annals
oftheRheumatic
Disease
s
545
21471
76
0�35
05
12
37
0�11
0
Druke
r,BrianJ.
OregonHealthand
Science
University
Blood
274
34451
76
0�41
49
17
32
0�18
6
Durbin,Richard
Wellco
meTrust
Sanger
Institute
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
118
29940
59
0�33
70
10
36
0�07
3
Easton,DouglasF.
UniversityofCambridge
Nature
Genetics
417
31935
82
0�42
15
20
46
0�14
8
Egger,Matthias
UniversityofBern
British
MedicalJournal
444
28142
75
0�38
014
14
33
0�17
4
Eisen,MichaelB.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Berkeley
GenomeBiology
107
32960
50
0�32
42
325
0�05
4
Elledge,StephenJ.
Harvard
University
GenesandDevelopment
195
30511
86
0�42
71
47
30
0�26
3
Ellis,LeeM.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
Cance
rRese
arch
305
18544
76
0�33
56
24
25
0�18
3
Emery,Paul
UniversityofLeeds
Annals
oftheRheumatic
Disease
s
657
30096
82
0�41
26
16
46
0�13
3
Eng,Charis
ClevelandClinic
Foundation
JournalofClinical
Endocrinologyand
Metabolism
380
20202
80
0�35
69
33
17
0�25
4
Esteller,Manel
L’Hosp
italetdeLlobregat
Cance
rRese
arch
311
24473
79
0�37
426
13
24
0�23
2
Evans,
AlanC.
McG
illUniversity
NeuroIm
age
415
26005
89
0�41
40
45
34
0�23
6
Evans,
Ronald
M.
Salk
Institute
for
BiologicalStudies
GenesandDevelopment
237
34544
96
0�47
91
55
37
0�28
8
Faraone,StephenV.
SUNYUpstate
Medical
University
America
nJournalof
MedicalGenetics,Part
B:
Neuropsy
chiatric
Genetics
739
32388
93
0�45
917
14
53
0�16
9
Ferrara,Napoleone
Genentech
Inco
rporated
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
201
40117
88
0�48
123
27
29
0�30
4
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1345
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Fisch
er,Alain
INSERM
Blood
464
25265
79
0�37
81
10
47
0�07
2
Flavell,Richard
A.
Yale
University
JournalofIm
munology
716
63686
133
0�74
20
83
87
0�36
2
Flegal,KatherineM.
USCDC
America
nJournalofClinical
Nutrition
119
39164
49
0�35
19
923
0�15
4
Flier,
JeffreyS.
Harvard
University
Endocrinology
147
28939
83
0�40
95
39
33
0�23
4
Folkman,Judah
DECEASED
(Harvard
University)
Cance
rRese
arch
234
31292
78
0�40
518
23
26
0�24
8
Folsom,AaronR.
UniversityofMinneso
taAmerica
nJournalof
Epidemiology
573
32240
88
0�44
214
17
50
0�16
9
Ford,Earl
S.
USCDC
DiabetesCare
287
25979
70
0�35
328
325
0�19
5
Frack
owiak,
Richard
S.J.
UniversityofLausa
nne
NeuroIm
age
273
25379
92
0�42
10
23
67
0�10
7
France
schi,Silvia
InternationalAgency
for
Rese
archonCance
r
InternationalJournalofCance
r768
24825
76
0�36
79
13
26
0�16
8
Frase
r,ClaireM.
UniversityofMaryland
Sch
oolofMedicine
Trendsin
Microbiology
145
30637
71
0�37
92
28
34
0�17
8
Friston,KarlJ.
UniversityCollege
London
NeuroIm
age
474
40991
100
0�52
422
39
39
0�31
9
Frith,ChristopherD.
UniversityofAarhus
NeuroIm
age
371
32266
103
0�49
07
43
56
0�23
1
Froguel,Philippe
ImperialCollegeLondon
Diabetes
422
26602
75
0�37
20
23
30
0�16
2
Fruch
art,Jean-Charles
FondationCoeuretArteres
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
393
26891
82
0�39
65
660
0�06
1
Furberg,Curt
D.
Wake
Forest
University
Circu
lation
307
25824
75
0�36
84
18
33
0�14
7
Fuster,Valentin
MountSinaiHosp
ital
Circu
lation
580
36142
97
0�49
012
14
68
0�13
6
Gage,FredH.
Salk
Institute
for
BiologicalStudies
JournalofNeuroscience
341
49283
105
0�58
15
72
32
0�41
0
Gazd
ar,AdiF.
UniversityofTexas
Southwestern
Cance
rRese
arch
398
25640
83
0�39
33
28
37
0�17
9
Genant,HarryK.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
OsteoporosisInternational
387
28788
79
0�39
65
15
41
0�13
0
Gerstein,Mark
Yale
University
GenomeRese
arch
396
26961
79
0�38
75
25
32
0�18
7
Gibbons,
RaymondJ.
MayoClinic
JournaloftheAmerica
n
CollegeofCardiology
292
25405
72
0�35
710
051
0�05
8
Gibbs,
Richard
A.
BaylorCollegeof
Medicine
GenomeRese
arch
283
39431
61
0�39
12
536
0�06
4
1346 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Gilliland,D.Gary
Merck
Blood
229
20764
80
0�35
93
25
39
0�15
0
Giovannucc
i,Edward
Harvard
University
Cance
rEpidemiology
Biomarkers
andPrevention
634
36696
102
0�50
923
20
60
0�21
2
Glass
,ChristopherK.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
Cell
208
31227
82
0�41
85
25
43
0�17
2
Goldberg,AlfredL.
Harvard
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
155
19049
77
0�34
13
37
17
0�23
9
Golub,ToddR.
BroadInstitute
Cance
rCell
172
40526
77
0�44
82
18
45
0�13
8
Gonzalez,
FrankJ.
USNIH
(NCI)
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
579
31844
90
0�44
63
21
59
0�12
9
Gores,
Gregory
J.
MayoClinic
Hepatology
386
18979
78
0�34
41
40
17
0�24
3
Green,DouglasR.
St.JudeChildren
Rese
archHosp
ital
CellDeath
andDifferentiation
294
43806
97
0�52
813
44
40
0�31
0
Greenberg,MichaelE.
Harvard
University
Neuron
135
33402
76
0�40
94
48
13
0�32
7
Greengard,Paul
Rock
efellerUniversity
JournalofNeurosc
ience
345
23405
83
0�38
22
26
38
0�16
2
Grobbee,Diederick
E.
Utrech
tUniversity
NederlandsTijdschrift
voorGeneesk
unde
922
38653
95
0�49
60
22
65
0�12
5
Grundy,Sco
ttM.
UniversityofTexas
Southwestern
Circu
lation
341
41893
93
0�50
632
12
46
0�24
7
Guralnik,Jack
M.
UniversityofMaryland
Sch
oolofMedicine
JournaloftheAmerica
n
GeriatricsSociety
543
23254
78
0�36
54
15
46
0�10
7
Gustafsso
n,Jan-� A
keUniversityofHouston
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
672
44613
95
0�52
52
41
45
0�25
7
Guyatt,GordonH.
McM
asterUniversity
JournalofClinical
Epidemiology
736
31472
96
0�46
412
31
50
0�21
4
Gygi,StevenP.
Harvard
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
272
29429
82
0�40
96
23
44
0�16
2
Haffner,StevenM.
BaylorCollegeof
Medicine
DiabetesCare
413
34609
89
0�45
721
25
38
0�25
0
Hallett,Mark
USNIH
(NIN
DS)
Neurology
550
27250
92
0�43
04
54
29
0�28
7
Halliw
ell,Barry
NationalUniversity
ofSingapore
FreeRadicalBiologyand
Medicine
314
21787
76
0�35
226
16
15
0�25
9
Hannon,Gregory
J.
Cold
SpringHarbor
Laboratory
GenesandDevelopment
217
33783
89
0�45
32
37
42
0�21
8
Hardy,John
UniversityCollege
London
MovementDisorders
472
34308
80
0�42
68
551
0�08
7
Harris,AdrianL.
UniversityofOxford
British
JournalofCance
r643
38604
98
0�50
52
43
48
0�24
5
Harris,Curtis
C.
USNIH
(NCI)
Cance
rRese
arch
280
19940
77
0�34
62
39
14
0�25
8
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1347
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Harris,Tamara
B.
USNIH
(NIA)
JournaloftheAmerica
n
GeriatricsSociety
513
24011
82
0�38
21
17
46
0�10
7
Hauss
ler,David
UniversityofCalifornia
atSanta
Cruz
GenomeRese
arch
157
30846
62
0�35
20
17
30
0�12
7
Hayash
izaki,Yosh
ihide
Riken
GenomeRese
arch
489
30611
61
0�34
70
13
28
0�11
0
Hayden,MichaelR.
UniversityofBritish
Columbia
HumanMolecu
larGenetics
410
21649
78
0�35
70
30
31
0�17
6
Henneke
ns,
CharlesH.
FloridaAtlanticUniversity
Circu
lation
375
48100
102
0�56
56
32
65
0�20
9
Herm
an,JamesG.
JohnsHopkinsUniversity
Cance
rRese
arch
256
35757
92
0�47
26
33
46
0�21
7
Hicklin,DanielJ.
Merck
Cance
rRese
arch
179
22134
77
0�35
62
648
0�05
1
Hodges,
JohnR.
UniversityofNew
South
Wales
Brain
368
19081
80
0�35
17
29
16
0�24
3
Hofm
an,Albert
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
Stroke
1146
53285
118
0�64
23
13
135
0�06
8
Holgate,StephenT.
Universityof
Southampton
JournalofAllergyandClinical
Immunology
641
27448
84
0�40
515
12
38
0�16
8
Holm
an,Rury
R.
UniversityofOxford
Diabetologia
180
26788
59
0�32
26
20
23
0�17
1
Holm
es,
David
R.
MayoClinic
JournaloftheAmerica
n
CollegeofCardiology
745
28049
86
0�41
55
15
40
0�13
8
Holsboer,Florian
MaxPlanck
Institute
of
Psy
chiatry
JournalofPsy
chiatric
Rese
arch
529
23660
79
0�37
05
21
34
0�16
1
Holst,JensJ.
Universityof
Copenhagen
JournalofClinical
Endocrinologyand
Metabolism
604
25502
85
0�39
96
23
41
0�16
5
Honjo,Tasu
kuKyoto
University
JournalofExperimental
Medicine
275
22127
77
0�35
63
38
21
0�23
6
Hood,Leroy
Institute
forSystems
Biology
GenomeRese
arch
272
29070
71
0�37
24
17
35
0�13
9
Hori,Masa
tsugu
Osa
kaMedicalCenter
Circu
lation
760
27584
74
0�37
40
23
27
0�17
2
Hortobagyi,GabrielN.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
JournalofClinicalOnco
logy
715
28642
88
0�42
47
23
43
0�17
4
Howard,Barbara
V.
MedStarHealthRese
arch
Institute
Circu
lation
347
27249
68
0�35
35
932
0�10
7
Hruban,RalphH.
JohnsHopkins
University
Cance
rRese
arch
484
32988
94
0�46
56
19
67
0�12
6
1348 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Hu,FrankB.
Harvard
University
America
nJournalof
ClinicalNutrition
617
38625
104
0�52
529
41
38
0�34
0
Huber,
Robert
MaxPlanck
Institute
for
Bioch
emistry
JournalofMolecu
larBiology
447
22470
77
0�35
81
938
0�07
5
Hunter,David
J.
Harvard
University
Cance
rEpidemiology
Biomarkers
and
Prevention
786
39716
97
0�50
810
25
61
0�18
5
Hunter,Tony
Salk
Institute
for
BiologicalStudies
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
209
25890
83
0�39
45
33
36
0�20
2
Hyman,BradleyT.
Harvard
University
JournalofNeuropathology
andExperimentalNeurology
416
27948
92
0�43
32
33
49
0�18
1
Ioannidis,JohnP.A.
Stanford
University
JournalofClinicalEpidemiology
579
23639
78
0�36
726
11
27
0�21
2
Isner,JeffreyM.
DECEASED
(Tufts
University)
Circu
lation
191
30667
82
0�41
56
44
25
0�27
6
Jack
s,Tyler
Massach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
GenesandDevelopment
207
23236
80
0�37
22
44
20
0�25
9
Jaco
bs,
Alice
K.
BostonUniversity
Circu
lation
226
27109
78
0�38
42
162
0�01
8
Jaenisch
,Rudolf
Massach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Cell
299
36848
100
0�50
33
70
28
0�36
4
Jaffe,ElaineS.
USNIH
(NCI)
Blood
334
23680
78
0�36
74
651
0�06
0
Jain,Rake
shK.
Harvard
University
Cance
rRese
arch
591
36745
88
0�46
419
49
13
0�39
0
Jemal,Ahmedin
America
nCance
rSociety
Ca-A
Cance
rJournalfor
Clinicians
100
38198
43
0�32
716
112
0�19
2
Jenkins,
Nancy
A.
HoustonMethodist
Genomics
433
30078
92
0�44
40
778
0�03
7
Jolesz,FerencA.
Harvard
University
JournalofMagnetic
Reso
nance
Imaging
376
19415
78
0�34
61
20
37
0�12
5
Jones,
Ronald
N.
JMILaboratories
Diagnostic
Microbiology
andInfectiousDisease
750
24785
77
0�37
09
12
31
0�14
9
Kadowaki,Taka
shi
UniversityofToky
oNipponrinsh
o.Japanese
journalofclinicalmedicine
590
28468
80
0�39
74
31
30
0�21
4
Kahn,C.Ronald
Harvard
University
JournalofClinical
Investigation
311
24531
85
0�39
41
37
31
0�21
7
Kaibuch
i,Kozo
NagoyaUniversity
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
297
22245
78
0�36
02
37
28
0�21
0
Kandel,EricR.
Columbia
University
Neuron
236
22374
83
0�37
74
41
29
0�22
9
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1349
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Kangawa,Kenji
JapanNational
CardiovascularCenter
ResInst
Bioch
emicaland
Biophysica
lRese
arch
Communications
638
36336
87
0�45
90
23
50
0�14
5
Kantarjian,Hagop
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
Cance
r1086
51458
103
0�58
523
27
57
0�27
3
Karin,Michael
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
Cell
335
64619
125
0�72
120
89
31
0�56
1
Kastelein,JohnJ.P.
UniversityofAmsterdam
Atherosc
lerosis
591
25792
76
0�37
14
17
39
0�13
0
Keating,MichaelJ.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
Blood
492
24218
77
0�36
75
11
37
0�11
1
Kendler,Kenneth
S.
Virginia
Commonwealth
University
Psy
chologicalMedicine
538
23992
84
0�38
836
21
11
0�32
5
Kess
ler,Ronald
C.
Harvard
University
Psy
chologicalMedicine
463
49095
110
0�59
652
35
37
0�41
8
Kinzler,Kenneth
W.
JohnsHopkinsUniversity
Cance
rRese
arch
232
58855
105
0�62
84
23
82
0�15
6
Kishim
oto,Tadamitsu
Osa
kaUniversity
Blood
329
24156
88
0�40
22
30
44
0�16
9
Klein,Ronald
UniversityofWisco
nsin
Ophthalm
ology
645
23759
84
0�38
714
743
0�12
7
Koob,GeorgeF.
ScrippsRese
archInstitute
Psy
chopharm
aco
logy
356
22135
77
0�35
621
20
20
0�24
0
Koonin,EugeneV.
USNIH
BiologyDirect
493
49287
112
0�60
317
59
43
0�38
5
Korsmeyer,
StanleyJ.
DECEASED
(Dana-Farber
Cance
rInstitute)
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
197
41891
97
0�51
82
56
34
0�32
7
Krammer,PeterH.
Germ
anCance
rRese
arch
Center
CellDeath
andDifferentiation
301
27243
77
0�38
23
20
38
0�14
4
Kroemer,Guido
UniversiteParis5
CellDeath
andDifferentiation
576
55431
119
0�65
613
105
25
0�54
1
Krumholz,HarlanM.
Yale
University
Circu
lation
673
34174
98
0�48
312
44
38
0�28
8
Kuch
erlapati,Raju
Harvard
University
Cance
rRese
arch
206
27100
62
0�33
30
735
0�05
5
Kuller,Lewis
H.
UniversityofPittsburgh
America
nJournalofEpidemiology
636
32615
91
0�45
36
19
59
0�13
5
Kupfer,David
J.
UniversityofPittsburgh
America
nJournalofPsy
chiatry
395
20221
76
0�34
43
29
22
0�20
4
Laaks
o,Markku
UniversityofEastern
Finland
DiabetesCare
483
28397
77
0�38
76
17
33
0�15
9
Lander,EricS.
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Nature
Genetics
332
94950
127
0�87
73
44
102
0�27
7
Lang,AnthonyE.
UniversityofToronto
MovementDisorders
486
24327
78
0�37
15
14
40
0�11
9
Langer,Robert
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Biomaterials
771
46095
112
0�58
76
75
55
0�35
0
1350 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Lanier,Lewis
L.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisco
JournalofIm
munology
235
22035
81
0�36
914
23
31
0�20
1
Lanzavecc
hia,Antonio
Institute
forRese
archin
Biomedicine
EuropeanJournalof
Immunology
168
31279
74
0�39
29
29
27
0�22
9
Lee,Virginia
M.-Y.
Universityof
Pennsy
lvania
JournalofNeurosc
ience
485
38793
103
0�52
22
38
68
0�19
3
Lefkowitz,
Robert
J.
Duke
University
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
287
31621
100
0�47
77
56
37
0�30
1
Lehrach
,Hans
MaxPlanck
Institute
forMolecu
larGenetics
Genomics
400
28235
67
0�35
50
636
0�05
1
Leon,Martin
B.
Columbia
University
America
nJournalof
Cardiology
561
33719
89
0�45
23
37
37
0�23
5
Levey,Andrew
S.
TuftsUniversity
America
nJournalofKidney
Disease
s
300
35188
79
0�42
811
21
31
0�21
7
Levine,Arnold
J.
Institute
forAdvance
d
Studies
Cance
rEpidemiologyBiomarkers
andPrevention
206
32889
70
0�38
74
35
19
0�26
0
Levy,Daniel
USNIH
(NHLBI)
Circu
lation
415
44402
104
0�55
34
49
54
0�27
4
Libby,Peter
Harvard
University
Circu
lation
413
47206
113
0�59
619
52
55
0�33
6
Lieberm
an,JeffreyA.
Columbia
University
America
nJournalofPsy
chiatry
448
24834
81
0�38
312
32
19
0�26
7
Liotta,Lance
A.
GeorgeMaso
nUniversity
Cance
rRese
arch
369
25721
81
0�38
78
16
43
0�13
9
Lipman,David
J.
USNIH
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
54
41821
38
0�32
90
325
0�03
5
Lipton,Richard
B.
Yesh
ivaUniversity
Headach
e489
23621
81
0�37
715
19
31
0�19
7
Lisanti,MichaelP.
ThomasJefferson
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
370
25271
88
0�40
70
57
19
0�30
5
Littm
an,DanR.
New
York
University
JournalofExperimentalMedicine
184
26533
78
0�38
12
25
41
0�15
1
Liu,Yong-Jun
BaylorInstitute
for
ImmunologyRese
arch
JournalofExperimentalMedicine
176
25683
70
0�35
28
27
19
0�22
8
Mak,
TakW
.UniversityofToronto
JournalofIm
munology
488
43447
106
0�55
51
50
66
0�24
2
Mancia,Giuse
ppe
UniversityofMilan
JournalofHypertension
730
32426
77
0�40
714
17
32
0�20
0
Mann,Matthias
MaxPlanck
Institute
for
Bioch
emistry
Molecu
larandCellularProteomics
452
63527
122
0�70
65
66
68
0�36
0
Manns,
MichaelP.
HannoverMedical
Sch
ool
Hepatology
1069
33022
82
0�42
64
14
37
0�14
0
Manso
n,JoannE.
Harvard
University
JournaloftheAmerica
nMedical
Ass
ociation
710
64300
134
0�74
87
37
132
0�18
7
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1351
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Mantovani,Alberto
UniversityofMilan
JournalofIm
munology
593
33040
91
0�45
512
34
33
0�26
5
Marm
ot,Michael
UniversityCollege
London
JournalofEpidemiologyand
CommunityHealth
553
21251
78
0�35
511
29
12
0�27
3
Marra,MarcoA.
British
Columbia
Cance
r
Agency
GenomeRese
arch
219
28156
60
0�33
22
10
24
0�11
1
Masliah,Eliezer
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
JournalofNeurosc
ience
485
23447
80
0�37
311
18
35
0�16
9
Mass
ague,Joan
MemorialSloan-Kettering
Cance
rCenter
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
163
35069
94
0�47
512
56
21
0�36
3
Matsuzawa,Yuji
SumitomoHosp
ital
Bioch
emicalandBiophysica
l
Rese
archCommunications
601
46768
96
0�53
97
42
39
0�30
0
Mattso
n,Mark
P.
USNIH
(NIA)
JournalofNeuroch
emistry
689
42354
111
0�56
634
80
15
0�50
0
McE
wen,Bruce
S.
Rock
efellerUniversity
Brain
Rese
arch
431
35597
99
0�49
427
33
39
0�29
9
McM
ahon,Andrew
P.
UniversityofSouthern
California
Development
223
26620
92
0�42
72
42
43
0�21
6
McM
ichael,Andrew
J.
UniversityofOxford
EuropeanJournalofIm
munology
339
25540
80
0�38
37
20
40
0�15
4
McM
urray,JohnJ.V.
UniversityofGlasg
ow
EuropeanJournalofHeart
Failure
585
30200
81
0�40
96
17
41
0�14
7
Medzh
itov,Ruslan
Yale
University
Nature
Immunology
155
34925
74
0�41
013
38
13
0�32
7
Meijer,ChrisJ.L.M.
Vrije
Universiteit
InternationalJournalofCance
r606
34452
83
0�43
70
22
41
0�15
2
MeltonIII,L.Jose
ph
MayoClinic
OsteoporosisInternational
381
26800
88
0�41
59
34
33
0�23
5
Miller,David
H.
UniversityCollege
London
Neurology
467
26155
82
0�39
27
27
33
0�19
9
Miller,W
ebb
Pennsy
lvania
State
University
GenomeRese
arch
176
51184
58
0�43
90
10
25
0�12
6
Mills,GordonB.
MD
AndersonCance
r
Center
Cance
rRese
arch
378
21240
77
0�35
22
13
42
0�09
3
Minna,JohnD.
UniversityofTexas
Southwestern
Cance
rRese
arch
384
22511
85
0�38
41
19
47
0�11
5
Moffitt,Terrie
E.
Duke
University
ArchivesofGeneralPsy
chiatry
206
20339
76
0�34
48
10
35
0�11
7
Moher,David
OttawaHosp
ital
JournalofClinicalEpidemiology
356
25369
66
0�33
716
14
20
0�20
2
Murray,Robin
M.
King’s
CollegeLondon
British
JournalofPsy
chiatry
637
25490
78
0�37
61
23
34
0�15
6
Nagai,Ryozo
UniversityofToky
oJournalofBiologicalChemistry
842
30172
77
0�39
60
10
43
0�07
5
Narod,StevenA.
UniversityofToronto
Breast
Cance
rRese
archand
Treatm
ent
499
22549
76
0�35
56
15
33
0�13
8
1352 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Narumiya,Shuh
Kyoto
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
317
25077
78
0�37
45
28
30
0�19
6
Nemeroff,CharlesB.
UniversityofMiami
BiologicalPsy
chiatry
400
23507
78
0�36
611
31
23
0�23
7
Nestler,EricJ.
MountSinaiSch
oolof
Medicine
JournalofNeuroscience
315
28100
89
0�42
415
47
18
0�32
9
Nicoll,RogerA.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
Neuron
168
18217
76
0�33
43
31
25
0�19
2
Norton,Larry
MemorialSloan-
KetteringCance
rCenter
JournalofClinicalOnco
logy
213
27866
65
0�34
61
14
36
0�10
2
Nunez,
Gabriel
UniversityofMichigan
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
228
23505
79
0�37
01
40
20
0�24
8
O’Brien,Susa
nMD
AndersonCance
r
Center
Cance
r557
24533
76
0�36
54
052
0�02
6
Oku
mura,Ko
JuntendoUniversity
JournalofIm
munology
636
23371
79
0�36
92
22
36
0�14
8
Olson,EricN.
UniversityofTexas
Southwestern
DevelopmentalBiology
446
36788
107
0�52
57
78
31
0�38
5
Oparil,Suzanne
UniversityofAlabamaat
Birmingham
BloodPress
ure
366
30355
55
0�32
74
326
0�06
9
Orkin,Stuart
H.
Harvard
University
Blood
238
19687
84
0�36
73
42
24
0�23
9
Osterhaus,
AlbertusD.M.E.
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
Vacc
ine
695
27303
74
0�37
20
19
33
0�13
6
Owen,MichaelJ.
CardiffUniversity
America
nJournalof
MedicalGenetics
-
Neuropsy
chiatric
Genetics
632
28067
86
0�41
53
23
46
0�15
0
Pandolfi,PierPaolo
Harvard
University
Onco
gene
294
24397
85
0�39
31
41
26
0�24
3
Paulsen,IanT.
Macq
uarieUniversity
JournalofBacteriology
164
25576
73
0�36
111
151
0�06
9
Pawso
n,Tony
MountSinaiHosp
ital,
Toronto
Molecu
larandCellularBiology
247
22486
82
0�37
48
21
34
0�17
2
Peltonen,Leena
DECEASED
(Universityof
Helsinki)
Nature
Genetics
582
26750
85
0�40
53
21
49
0�13
3
Penninger,Jose
fM.
AustrianAca
demyof
Science
s
JournalofIm
munology
342
29989
81
0�40
83
32
33
0�21
0
Petersen,Ronald
C.
MayoClinic
Neurology
409
28458
77
0�38
811
17
32
0�18
1
Peterson,EricD.
Duke
University
America
nHeart
Journal
698
22896
77
0�36
06
13
34
0�12
9
Peto,Richard*
UniversityofOxford
Lance
t221
34930
61
0�36
96
22
22
0�20
6
Pfaller,MichaelA.
UniversityofIowa
JournalofClinicalMicrobiology
502
27074
86
0�41
035
12
25
0�26
7
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1353
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Pfeffer,
Marc
A.
Harvard
University
Circu
lation
341
40572
89
0�48
66
19
54
0�15
4
Pols,Huibert
A.P.
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
JournalofBoneand
MineralRese
arch
360
21975
80
0�36
51
14
48
0�08
7
Ponting,ChrisP.
UniversityofOxford
GenomeRese
arch
204
29557
66
0�35
816
823
0�18
3
Popma,JeffreyJ.
Harvard
University
America
nJournalofCardiology
337
29601
78
0�39
72
360
0�03
1
Poynard,Thierry
UniversiteParis6
Gastroenterologie
CliniqueetBiologique
369
26015
76
0�37
217
21
23
0�23
2
Priori,Silvia
G.
New
York
University
Circu
lation
323
24925
78
0�37
317
347
0�11
1
Prusiner,StanleyB.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
JournalofMolecu
lar
Biology
243
22129
79
0�36
36
22
32
0�16
9
Rajewsky,Klaus
Harvard
University
JournalofExperimental
Medicine
234
20213
80
0�35
73
26
39
0�15
2
Raoult,Didier
Universitedela
Mediterranee
EmergingInfectiousDisease
s1252
29091
78
0�39
411
42
70�34
8
Reed,JohnC.
Roch
ePharm
aRese
arch
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
755
76185
131
0�79
720
63
92
0�37
8
Reiser,Maxim
ilian
UniversityofMunich
Radiologe
1237
25834
72
0�35
90
18
20
0�17
0
Reiter,Russ
elJ.
UniversityofTexas
HealthScience
Center
JournalofPinealRese
arch
445
21703
76
0�35
118
14
20
0�21
6
Remuzzi,Giuse
ppe
LaboratoriNegri
Bergamo
JournaloftheAmerica
n
Society
ofNephrology
687
31651
82
0�42
010
37
22
0�28
6
Richman,DouglasD.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
JournalofVirology
283
27577
80
0�39
34
29
35
0�19
1
Ridke
r,PaulM.
Harvard
University
Circu
lation
587
63099
112
0�67
247
45
34
0�49
0
Rifai,Nader
Harvard
University
ClinicalChemistry
367
41460
93
0�50
36
10
70
0�09
4
Rim
m,EricB.
Harvard
University
America
nJournal
ofClinicalNutrition
415
33727
102
0�49
45
15
83
0�09
6
Robbins,
TrevorW
.UniversityofCambridge
Psy
chopharm
aco
logy
480
35032
104
0�50
79
56
43
0�30
5
Rose
n,Bruce
R.
Harvard
University
NeuroIm
age
245
23528
82
0�37
91
21
49
0�11
8
Rose
nberg,StevenA.
USNIH
(NCI)
JournalofIm
munotherapy
485
38040
104
0�52
218
42
49
0�28
7
Rose
nfeld,MichaelG.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
Cell
223
30548
90
0�44
02
49
32
0�27
0
Rubenstein,
JohnL.R.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
Development
192
17899
76
0�33
24
34
27
0�19
4
1354 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Rubin,Gerald
M.
Howard
HughesMedical
Institute
Genomebiology
125
25548
70
0�35
12
21
29
0�15
5
Rush
,A.John
NationalUniversityof
Singapore
JournalofClinicalPsy
chiatry
453
23041
77
0�36
112
11
33
0�14
8
Rutgeerts,
Paul
Katholieke
Universiteit
Leuven
Inflammatory
BowelDisease
s521
31303
84
0�42
49
33
31
0�24
4
Rutter,Michael
King’s
CollegeLondon
JournalofChild
Psy
chologyandPsy
chiatry
andAlliedDisciplines
253
17016
79
0�33
718
16
24
0�19
8
Salvese
n,GuyS.
Sanford-Burnham
MedicalRese
arch
Institute
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
188
26386
73
0�36
54
24
35
0�16
2
Salzberg,StevenL.
JohnsHopkins
University
GenomeBiology
182
33745
73
0�40
15
14
43
0�12
3
Sandborn,W
illiam
J.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
Gastroenterology
406
22848
82
0�37
622
23
23
0�24
9
Sawyers,CharlesL.
MemorialSloan-
KetteringCance
rCenter
Cance
rCell
170
29490
73
0�38
06
27
27
0�20
9
Sca
rdino,PeterT.
MemorialSloan-
KetteringCance
rCenter
JournalofUrology
427
19543
76
0�34
00
19
30
0�13
2
Sch
erer,StephenW.
CentreforApplied
Genomics
Genomics
473
41573
84
0�47
53
15
53
0�12
0
Sch
omig,Albert
Tech
nisch
eUniversitat
Munch
en
JournaloftheAmerica
nCollege
ofCardiology
560
25121
79
0�37
84
41
18
0�27
0
Sch
reiber,Stefan
Christian-A
lbrech
ts-
Universit€ at
Gut
625
24816
77
0�37
08
14
38
0�13
6
Sch
reiber,Stuart
L.
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
267
27729
84
0�40
74
50
20
0�29
7
Sch
ulten,Klaus
UniversityofIllinois
at
Urbana-Champaign
Biophysica
lJournal
334
25505
70
0�35
10
34
60�29
8
Sch
ultz,
PeterG.
ScrippsRese
arch
Institute
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
385
23786
82
0�38
10
28
28
0�19
0
Sch
wartz,
Joel
Harvard
University
EnvironmentalHealth
Perspectives
409
19148
76
0�33
812
11
29
0�15
0
Sch
wartz,
MichaelW
.*UniversityofW
ash
ington
Diabetes
403
28236
88
0�42
213
47
18
0�32
5
Selkoe,Dennis
J.
Harvard
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
246
40915
97
0�51
421
42
30
0�34
8
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1355
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Semenza,GreggL.
JohnsHopkins
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
257
34870
96
0�48
030
34
28
0�33
4
Serruys,
PatrickW
.Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
Circu
lation
1135
43076
99
0�53
112
37
49
0�26
5
Sette,Aless
andro
LaJollaInstitute
for
Allergyand
Immunology
JournalofIm
munology
365
18219
77
0�33
72
13
36
0�09
9
Shay,JerryW
.UniversityofTexas
Southwestern
Cance
rRese
arch
292
23550
79
0�37
010
22
28
0�19
7
Sheng,Morgan
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Neuron
177
18860
76
0�33
79
37
18
0�24
2
Shim
izu,Nobuyosh
iKeio
University
Bioch
emicalandBiophysica
l
Rese
archCommunications
595
30266
66
0�36
10
932
0�07
9
Shinozaki,Kazu
oRiken
PlantandCellPhysiology
377
24409
82
0�38
46
31
27
0�22
2
Shulm
an,Gerald
I.Yale
University
Diabetes
286
29243
85
0�41
71
48
27
0�26
9
Sidransky,David
JohnsHopkins
University
Cance
rRese
arch
392
26891
84
0�40
23
39
25
0�25
2
Silman,AlanJ.
ArthritisRese
archUK
Annals
oftheRheumaticDisease
s444
21920
84
0�37
81
24
34
0�16
0
Smith,SidneyC.
UniversityofNorth
Carolina
Circu
lation
334
47306
103
0�56
47
23
73
0�16
4
Smith,GeorgeDavey
UniversityofBristol
British
MedicalJournal
725
29936
77
0�39
58
17
28
0�18
6
Smith,Mark
A.
DECEASED
(Case
Western)
JournalofAlzheim
er’sDisease
662
27956
81
0�39
89
25
28
0�21
8
Snyder,SolomonH.
JohnsHopkins
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
274
21992
84
0�37
85
42
21
0�26
1
Sonenberg,Nahum
McG
illUniversity
Molecu
larandCellularBiology
310
25899
87
0�40
73
43
34
0�23
4
Speizer,FrankE.
Harvard
University
JournaloftheAmerica
nMedical
Ass
ociation
229
29021
94
0�44
50
10
77
0�05
1
Spiegelm
an,Bruce
M.
Harvard
University
Novartis
FoundationSymposium
212
37789
95
0�49
25
62
27
0�35
0
Spiegelm
an,Donna
Harvard
University
America
nJournalofEpidemiology
426
24237
81
0�38
01
262
0�01
8
Springer,Tim
othyA.
Harvard
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
225
20539
77
0�34
92
36
19
0�23
2
Stampfer,MeirJ.
Harvard
University
Cance
rEpidemiologyBiomarkers
andPrevention
704
73673
138
0�80
73
33
153
0�15
4
Steinman,RalphM.
DECEASED
(Rockefeller
University)
JournalofExperimentalMedicine
242
39233
91
0�48
615
32
38
0�26
9
Stone,GreggW
.Columbia
University
America
nJournalofCardiology
593
26736
80
0�38
928
529
0�20
7
1356 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Storb,Rainer
UniversityofW
ash
ington
Blood
461
21912
78
0�35
93
15
44
0�10
4
Strieter,Robert
M.
UniversityofVirginia
JournalofIm
munology
389
22624
84
0�38
14
26
40
0�16
3
Sudhof,ThomasC.
Stanford
University
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
310
26766
90
0�42
16
46
29
0�27
0
Szabo,Csa
ba
UniversityofTexas
MedicalBranch
Shock
552
23800
78
0�36
816
29
15
0�27
6
Take
da,Kiyosh
iOsa
kaUniversity
JournalofIm
munology
292
43547
89
0�50
112
267
0�08
7
Take
uch
i,Osa
mu
Osa
kaUniversity
JournalofIm
munology
231
30690
73
0�38
612
148
0�08
2
Talley,NicholasJ.
UniversityofNewca
stle
America
nJournalof
Gastroenterology
718
24704
83
0�38
816
18
23
0�23
2
Tempst,Paul
MemorialSloan-Kettering
Cance
rCenter
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
242
28635
95
0�44
60
582
0�02
6
Tess
ier-Lavigne,Marc
Rock
efellerUniversity
Neuron
195
22475
82
0�37
41
30
42
0�15
9
Thase
,MichaelE.
UniversityofPennsy
lvania
JournalofClinicalPsy
chiatry
505
23264
78
0�36
510
743
0�10
3
Thompso
n,AlanJ.
UniversityCollegeLondon
Multiple
Sclerosis
451
25142
79
0�37
82
16
36
0�12
6
Thompso
n,Craig
B.
MemorialSloan-Kettering
Cance
rCenter
JournalofIm
munology
286
36350
108
0�52
61
74
40
0�34
3
Thun,MichaelJ.
America
nCance
rSociety
Cance
rEpidemiology
Biomarkers
andPrevention
392
59460
79
0�54
85
30
29
0�30
0
Tibsh
irani,Robert
Stanford
University
Biostatistics
178
31660
56
0�33
65
12
20
0�15
5
Topol,EricJ.
ScrippsRese
archInstitute
Circu
lation
814
55903
116
0�64
915
77
51
0�41
7
Tracy
,Russ
ellP.
UniversityofVerm
ont
Circu
lation
341
32637
85
0�43
44
17
56
0�11
8
Trojanowski,JohnQ.
UniversityofPennsy
lvania
ActaNeuropathologica
580
43793
107
0�56
03
34
83
0�17
3
Tsc
hopp,J€ urg
DECEASED
(Universityof
Lausa
nne)
JournalofIm
munology
278
36035
102
0�50
53
61
39
0�31
4
Tsien,RogerY.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanDiego
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
159
28335
79
0�39
44
37
30
0�22
7
Tuomilehto,Jaakko
UniversityofHelsinki
DiabetesCare
752
51658
103
0�58
68
24
79
0�16
9
Tusc
hl,Thomas
Rock
efellerUniversity
RNA
105
29271
61
0�34
14
26
24
0�18
9
VanDeW
erf,Frans
Katholieke
Universiteit
Leuven
EuropeanHeart
Journal
468
25765
76
0�37
17
12
39
0�12
2
Verkman,AlanS.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
JournalofBiologicalChemistry
370
19883
76
0�34
26
38
70�29
5
Verw
eij,Jaap
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
EuropeanJournalof
Cance
r
471
26107
67
0�34
42
11
30
0�10
4
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1357
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Vince
nt,Jean-Louis
UniversiteLibre
de
Bruxelles
Critica
lCare
Medicine
728
31536
77
0�40
316
25
23
0�25
8
Virmani,Renu
CVPath
Institute,Inc.
Circu
lation
448
25557
77
0�37
311
33
24
0�24
2
Vogelstein,Bert
JohnsHopkinsUniversity
Cance
rRese
arch
256
62808
108
0�65
73
46
65
0�28
3
Volkow,Nora
D.
USNIH
(NIDA)
Synapse
448
21038
78
0�35
436
515
0�25
9
Walker,Bruce
D.
Howard
HughesMedical
Institute
JournalofVirology
421
27250
84
0�40
42
29
38
0�18
2
Walsh,ThomasJ.
CornellUniversity
AntimicrobialAgents
and
Chemotherapy
527
28878
81
0�40
318
23
23
0�25
8
Watkins,
Sim
onC.
UniversityofPittsburgh
JournalofIm
munology
439
20579
82
0�36
51
251
0�02
0
Webster,Robert
G.
St.JudeChildren
Rese
archHosp
ital
JournalofVirology
365
21306
79
0�35
96
25
30
0�18
2
Wedel,Hans
Nordic
Sch
oolofPublic
Health
EuropeanHeart
Journal
169
30025
55
0�32
50
12
29
0�09
5
Weinberg,Robert
A.
Mass
ach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Cell
166
35681
83
0�44
33
58
14
0�36
0
Weinberger,
DanielR.
USNIH
(NIM
H)
BiologicalPsy
chiatry
508
34086
94
0�47
05
58
25
0�33
7
Weiss,
Sco
ttT.
Harvard
University
America
nJournalofResp
iratory
andCritica
lCare
Medicine
457
20295
80
0�35
71
17
36
0�11
9
Weisse
nbach
,Jean
Genosc
ope
HumanMolecu
larGenetics
260
37989
72
0�41
90
547
0�04
0
Weissleder,Ralph
Harvard
University
Bioco
njugate
Chemistry
583
33113
89
0�44
912
38
31
0�27
7
Weissm
an,IrvingL.
Stanford
University
Blood
340
34864
89
0�45
83
47
32
0�27
9
Wells,
GeorgeA.
UniversityofOttawa
JournalofRheumatology
485
20883
79
0�35
72
10
47
0�07
3
Werb,Zena
UniversityofCalifornia
at
SanFrancisc
o
Development
232
30962
83
0�41
94
37
30
0�24
2
White,HarveyD.
AucklandCityHosp
ital
EuropeanHeart
Journal
596
30472
78
0�40
19
16
42
0�15
0
White,NicholasJ.
UniversityofOxford
Transa
ctionsoftheRoyal
Society
ofTropical
MedicineandHygiene
668
25253
78
0�37
513
19
24
0�21
4
White,Owen
UniversityofMaryland
Sch
oolofMedicine
Nucleic
AcidsRese
arch
120
30328
69
0�37
11
551
0�03
9
Wichmann,H.-Erich
Helm
holtzZentrum
M€ unch
en
Nature
Genetics
618
22715
77
0�35
91
747
0�05
2
Willett,W
alterC.
Harvard
University
America
nJournalofClinical
Nutrition
1142
88386
156
0�93
88
79
161
0�32
9
1358 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
1Continued
Researcher
Institution
Main
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Willson,Tim
othyM.
GlaxoSmithKline
JournalofMedicinalChemistry
164
29140
80
0�40
15
14
49
0�11
2
Wilso
n,JamesM.
Universityof
Pennsy
lvania
HumanGeneTherapy
435
23611
86
0�39
32
47
21
0�27
5
Wilso
n,PeterW
.F.
Emory
University
Circu
lation
504
39736
104
0�53
09
22
79
0�14
9
Wilso
n,Richard
K.
Wash
ingtonUniversity
St.Louis
GenomeRese
arch
137
33836
58
0�35
40
631
0�05
7
Winblad,Bengt
KarolinskaInstitutet
InternationalJournalof
Geriatric
Psy
chiatry
634
24911
78
0�37
35
10
37
0�10
8
Wittchen,
Hans-Ulrich
Tech
nisch
eUniversitat
Dresd
en
InternationalJournalof
Methods
inPsy
chiatric
Rese
arch
429
18381
76
0�33
512
12
27
0�15
7
Witteman,
Jacq
uelineC.M.
Erasm
usUniversity
Rotterdam
Stroke
472
21973
79
0�36
20
21
40
0�12
5
Wolm
ark,Norm
an
AlleghenyGeneral
Hosp
ital
JournalofClinicalOnco
logy
170
28612
65
0�35
03
29
19
0�22
0
Yagita,Hideo
JuntendoUniversity
JournalofIm
munology
473
23341
84
0�38
51
856
0�05
3
Yamamoto,
Masa
yuki
Tohoku
University
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
717
28311
83
0�40
60
26
37
0�16
8
Yanco
poulos,
GeorgeD.
Regeneron
Pharm
ace
utica
ls,Inc.
Cell
247
34335
94
0�47
12
25
65
0�13
8
YatesIII,JohnR.
ScrippsRese
arch
Institute
Analytica
lChemistry
667
41576
102
0�53
37
38
61
0�22
6
Yazaki,Yosh
ioInternationalMedical
CenterofJapan
JournalofBiological
Chemistry
415
20847
83
0�36
90
16
44
0�09
8
Yeo,CharlesJ.
ThomasJefferson
University
Journalof
GastrointestinalSurgery
358
24549
84
0�39
16
664
0�06
2
Yusu
f,Salim
McM
asterUniversity
Circu
lation
630
60475
110
0�65
222
54
41
0�42
4
Zanch
etti,Alberto
UniversityofMilan
Journalof
Hypertension
378
26130
63
0�33
15
19
12
0�22
1
Zeiher,AndreasM.
UniversityofFrankfurt
Circu
lation
318
32801
92
0�45
70
34
52
0�18
1
Zim
met,PaulZ.
Bake
rHeart
Rese
arch
Institute
DiabetesCare
443
26640
64
0�33
712
521
0�15
1
#papers:numberofpapers
in1996–2
011;#cites:
numberoftotalcitationsofpapers
publish
edin
1996–2
011asofend-2011;H:Hirschh-index;Sco
re:norm
alizedscore;#FS100:number
ofpapers
withatleast
100citationsauthoredassingle
orfirstauthor;#L100:numberofpapers
withatleast
100citationsauthoredaslast
author;#M100:numberofpapers
withatleast
100citationsauthoredasmiddle
author;
AAS:authorship-adjustedscore.
*Someerrors
notedfortheresp
ectiveSco
pusauthoridentifier,
base
donco
mmunicationfrom
theauthor.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1359
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
2Highly
influentialrese
archers
withafocu
soutsidebiomedicine(Sco
pus1996-2011)
Researcher
Institution
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Alivisatos,
A.Paul
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Berkeley
NanoLetters
225
45610
87
0�50
56
57
17
0�39
8
Antonietti,Markus
MaxPlanck
Institute
of
ColloidsandInterface
s
ChemistryofMaterials
453
22468
83
0�37
78
38
18
0�27
1
Barabasi,Albert-L� aszl� o
Northeastern
University
Physica
lReview
Letters
173
37064
67
0�39
810
31
13
0�30
2
Bawendi,MoungiG.
Massach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Physica
lReview
B223
25008
78
0�37
40
40
20
0�24
9
Brinkm
ann,JonathanV.
Apach
ePoint
Obse
rvatory
AstronomicalJournal
319
37540
104
0�51
90
14
92
0�06
9
Buch
wald,StephenL.
Massach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
280
27886
96
0�44
62
91
10�44
1
Caruso
,Frank
UniversityofMelbourne
Langmuir
337
22775
78
0�36
322
34
60�32
8
Cirac,
JuanIgnacio
MaxPlanck
Institute
of
Quantum
Optics
Physica
lReview
Letters
345
23034
77
0�36
16
16
38
0�13
2
Corm
a,Avelino
UniversidadPolitecn
ica
deValencia
JournalofCatalysis
697
27360
76
0�37
927
717
0�25
3
Dai,Hongjie
Stanford
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
232
47567
97
0�54
77
69
17
0�44
7
Dress
elhaus,
MildredS.
Massach
use
ttsInstitute
ofTech
nology
Physica
lReview
B621
31045
84
0�42
312
33
22
0�28
4
Ellis,Richard
S.
California
Institute
of
Tech
nology
Astrophysica
lJournalLetters
292
29354
83
0�41
14
565
0�05
0
El-Sayed,Mostafa
A.
Georgia
Institute
of
Tech
nology
JournalofPhysica
l
ChemistryB
270
25850
68
0�34
62
50
20�33
3
Fabian,Andrew
C.
Institute
ofAstronomy
Monthly
Notice
softheRoyal
AstronomicalSociety
566
20316
78
0�35
110
14
28
0�16
2
Filippenko
,AlexeiV.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Berkeley
Astrophysica
lJournalLetters
410
33824
70
0�39
22
141
0�02
7
Forrest,StephenR.
UniversityofMichigan
AppliedPhysics
Letters
421
36148
90
0�46
87
55
22
0�34
5
Frech
et,JeanM.J.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Berkeley
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
499
30320
93
0�44
83
59
23
0�32
7
Frenk,
CarlosS.
UniversityofDurham
Monthly
Notice
softheRoyal
AstronomicalSociety
237
27510
74
0�37
31
751
0�05
1
Friend,Richard
H.
UniversityofCambridge
SyntheticMetals
512
36277
87
0�45
91
40
38
0�23
8
Fuku
gita,Masa
taka
UniversityofToky
oNuclearPhysics
B326
38807
80
0�44
94
169
0�03
0
1360 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
Table
2Continued
Researcher
Institution
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Geim
,Andre
K.
UniversityofManch
ester
Physica
lReview
B170
33560
50
0�32
67
17
14
0�20
6
Gratzel,Michael
Eco
lePolytech
nique
Federale
deLausa
nne
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
516
46641
109
0�58
011
77
31
0�42
9
Grubbs,
Robert
H.
California
Institute
of
Tech
nology
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
314
30947
82
0�41
63
56
80�36
6
Gunn,JamesE.
Prince
tonUniversity
AstronomicalJournal
191
28182
83
0�40
61
172
0�01
1
Hartwig,JohnF.
UniversityofIllinois
at
Urbana-Champaign
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
255
20003
81
0�35
910
47
70�31
9
Hawke
r,Craig
J.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Santa
Barbara
Macromolecu
les
360
22013
80
0�36
511
27
30
0�20
4
Heeger,AlanJ.
UniversityofCalifornia
at
Santa
Barbara
SyntheticMetals
432
26444
79
0�38
45
41
16
0�28
5
Ivezic,
� Zeljko
UniversityofWash
ington
AstronomicalJournal
245
27959
87
0�41
76
270
0�04
3
Jain,AnilK.
MichiganState
University
Lecture
Notesin
Computer
Science
616
25607
73
0�36
122
20
12
0�28
1
Knapp,GillianR.
Prince
tonUniversity
AstronomicalJournal
185
22254
76
0�35
41
262
0�01
6
Kresse,Georg
UniversityofVienna
Physica
lReview
B247
38561
62
0�39
07
715
0�18
8
Lieber,CharlesM.
Harvard
University
NanoLetters
242
55770
106
0�61
62
99
90�56
6
Lupton,Robert
H.
Prince
tonUniversity
AstronomicalJournal
191
26451
83
0�39
71
273
0�01
6
Marks,
Tobin
J.
Northwestern
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
535
22803
82
0�37
60
55
10
0�31
8
Matyjaszewsk
i,Krzysztof
Carnegie
Mellon
University
Macromolecu
les
728
41357
106
0�54
530
68
10
0�49
4
Meijer,
E.W
.(Bert)
EindhovenUniversityof
Tech
nology
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
485
25229
77
0�37
20
37
14
0�27
0
Mirkin,ChadA.
Northwestern
University
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
437
41590
90
0�49
43
57
21
0�36
6
Mohwald,Helm
uth
MaxPlanck
Institute
of
ColloidsandInterface
s
Langmuir
602
23077
77
0�36
10
40
14
0�26
7
Mullen,Klaus
MaxPlanck
Institute
for
PolymerRese
arch
JournaloftheAmerica
n
ChemicalSociety
1082
33757
82
0�43
00
35
27
0�24
3
Sch
legel,David
J.
Lawrence
Berkeley
NationalLaboratory
AstronomicalJournal
153
29112
73
0�37
81
262
0�01
7
Sch
neider,Donald
P.
Pennsy
lvania
State
University
AstronomicalJournal
543
39877
104
0�53
14
799
0�05
3
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1361
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
Table
2Continued
Researcher
Institution
Journal
#papers
#cites
hscore
#FS100
#L100
#M100
AAS
Sch
wartz,
StephenM.
Yesh
ivaUniversity
JournalofAgricu
lturalandFood
Chemistry
754
22126
76
0�35
311
10
26
0�15
8
Smalley,Richard
E.
DECEASED
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AbbreviationsasperTable
1.
1362 ª 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
K. W. BOYACK ET AL. www.ejci-online.com
work, we limit this exercise to MeSH terms that appear in at
least 10% of the author’s articles. MeSH terms for the
researchers of Table 1 appear in the longer online version of
Table 1 (http://www.mapofscience.com/?page_id=761) for
the whole period 1996–2011 and also limited to 2005–2011.
MeSH terms are not provided for the researchers in Table 2,
because MeSH coverage of nonbiomedical sciences is relatively
sparse and most researchers would not be adequately repre-
sented by the minority of their papers indexed also in PubMed.
Limitations and caveats
Due to the above-mentioned issues associated with the author
identity problem, we are well aware that not all of the author
records for those listed in Tables 1 and 2 are completely accu-
rate. Scopus author profiles are also subject to change over time
as Elsevier improves assignment algorithms and responds to
author requests for changes. Despite the lack of total accuracy,
the methodology used is sufficient for our purposes of identi-
fying a set of highly influential biomedical authors. By choosing
researchers with the highest total citation counts and/or
h-indexes, even if some of those researcher profiles contain a
few papers from other researchers with the same name, this
does not diminish the fact that these are highly influential
researchers.
We are also well aware that many researchers have pub-
lished highly significant works prior to 1996. This is an inherent
limitation to Scopus data. However, using this common time
window of 1996–2011 reduces the effect of age and offers a
more level ground for comparing productivity and impact over
a similar period of time. Scientists whose key work was pub-
lished exclusively or predominantly before 1996 are not cap-
tured in our list. Relatively, young scientists may also be at a
disadvantage because they may not have reached full produc-
tivity by 1996 and very young scientists who started publishing
late in the 1996–2011 window are at a major disadvantage.
Nevertheless, the selected window captures highly influential
scientists with a wide range of ages, most of whom are still
highly active and relevant for the current evolution of science.
The total citation counts and h-indexes listed in Tables 1 and 2
are of course lower than those that can be calculated from
sources that include materials from before 1996, such as Google
Scholar or the Web of Science. Table 3 shows comparatively
data on the h-index of a sample of highly cited authors from
Scopus including papers published before 1996 and Google
Scholar – the h-indices have been updated to August 2013. As
shown, when all years are considered Scopus h-indices increase
modestly, while Google Scholar h-indices can be substantially
higher. However, the relative ranking of scientists is not
affected substantially (rank correlation coefficients 0�89 for
Scopus 1996–2011 vs. Scopus all years, 0�80 for Scopus 1996–
2011 vs. Google Scholar, and 0�96 for Scopus all years vs.
Google Scholar, P < 0�001 for all).
We also note that while both total citation counts and h-index
were used in the normalized score, total citation counts are
more highly skewed than h-index values. Thus, the h-index
typically accounted for greater than 50% of the normalized
score for a researcher.
Finally, the normalized scores that we used did not account
for multiple authorship of papers and for author position and
relative contributions in each paper. The final columns in
Tables 1 and 2 provide some additional insight into authorship
aspects. Three columns show the numbers of papers with at
least 100 citations split by author position. First and single
authored papers are counted together (#FS100), while last and
middle authored papers are considered separately (#L100 and
#M100, respectively). Exact contributions are not listed in many
Table 3 Comparative data on h-index for a sample of highlyinfluential researchers calculated with different databases
Name
h-index per
Table 1
h-index per
Scopus
(all years)
h-index
per Google
Scholar
Braunwald, Eugene 109 142 214
Croce, Carlo M. 104 130 168
Grundy, Scott M. 93 123 154
Ferrara, Napoleone 88 120 139
Mantovani, Alberto 91 119 144
Miller, Webb 58 67 81
Schwartz, Michael W. 88* 84* 95
Bouter, Lex M. 88 104 130
Holgate, Stephen T. 84 107 127
Kadowaki, Takashi 80 96 120
Gibbs, Richard A. 61 78 86
Buchler, Markus W. 76 83 102
Schomig, Albert 79 89 105
Hood, Leroy 71 96 146
Ioannidis, John P. A. 78 90 105
Paulsen, Ian T. 73 84 90
Hicklin, Daniel J. 77 83 85
Wolmark, Norman 65 88 107
Durbin, Richard 59 77 88
Holman, Rury R. 59 60 73
*Some problems noted with attribution of papers in the Scopus author
identifier (communication with author).
European Journal of Clinical Investigation Vol 43 1363
INFLUENTIAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS
papers and are difficult to quantify with a single simple metric.
To attempt to account for authorship patterns and to show how
different metrics can change relative rankings, the final column
in Tables 1 and 2 shows an authorship-adjusted score (AAS)
calculated as the normalized score times the proportion of
papers cited 100 times or more that are first, single or last
authored papers (pFSL). The rank correlation coefficient is
0�106 (P = 0�033) between total citations and pFSL, 0�012(P = 0�81) between h-index and pFLS, suggesting that citation
indices and authorship positions are almost totally orthogonal.
Eventually, the rank correlation coefficient is 0�42 (P < 0�001)between the normalized score and AAS.
The sortable online version of Table 1 (http://www.mapof-
science.com/?page_id=761) also contains information on the
proportion of papers of each author that is categorized in each
of 4 levels of research (applied to basic), as well as the dominant
type for each scientist. Research levels were first used in 1976
by Narin et al. [11] when they classified biomedical journals
into four types: (i) clinical observation, (ii) clinical mix, (iii)
clinical observation and (iv) basic research. Machine learning
was recently used to train a classifier on title and abstract words
using journal research level data. This classifier was then used
to assign research levels to individual articles [12]. It is those
research level assignments that are used to populate Table 1.
All metrics and descriptors in Tables 1 and 2 are based on the
time period 1996–2011.
Comparison with other lists of highly citedscientists
Thomson Reuters generates lists of the top 1% highly cited
scientists for 21 different fields based on total citation counts
for articles belonging to each field (in the module Essential
Science Indicators) and it also used to generate lists of the 300
most-cited scientists in each of these fields, but the latter option
is no longer updated. Other focused lists have been published
from time-to-time in various fields [13,14]. While division per
field causes more granularity and adjusts for potential differ-
ences in citation density per field, scientists who work in sev-
eral of these more granular fields are at a major disadvantage
vs. scientists concentrated in a more narrow focus. Moreover,
the Thomson Reuters classification uses only total citations,
while our score incorporates also the h-index that may be more
appropriate.
Microsoft Academic Search also allows generating of lists of
scientists in distinct fields and also in even more narrow sub-
fields based on total citations or h-index, but not on a combined
score. Moreover, the inclusion of papers and the respective
citation data for biomedical sciences are still more limited in
Microsoft Academic Search than in Scopus.
None of the previously developed lists has accounted for
multiple authorship and author contributions. Moreover, they
have not provided information on dominant/specific MeSH
terms that may provide more accurate information on the focus
of each scientist’s work.
Potential uses
The list of highly influential researchers was developed so as to
identify a reproducible set of researchers with high citation
metrics. We are currently using this list in an ongoing survey of
these scientists regarding what features of scientific papers
define major impact. The list may be used in additional surveys
pertaining to issues where these scientists are likely to offer a
highly knowledgeable viewpoint, for example issues of fund-
ing, conduct and reporting of scientific research. Lists of influ-
ential researchers may also be a resource for identifying
suitable scientists for leadership, advisory and reviewer posi-
tions. Finally, impact metrics may be used for funding deci-
sions based on appraisal of investigator excellence instead of or
in addition to specific grant proposals [15]. We see the gener-
ated list as a resource that can be used creatively by other
interested investigators for very diverse purposes and we
welcome suggestions for improvements.
AddressSciTech Strategies, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87122, USA
(K. W. Boyack); SciTech Strategies, Inc., Berwyn, PA 19312,
USA (R. Klavans); Temple University School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA (A. A. Sorensen); Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
(J. P. A. Ioannidis).
Correspondence to: John P.A. Ioannidis, MD, DSc, 1265 Welch
Road, Medical School Office Building, Room X306, Stanford,
CA 94305, USA. Tel.: 650-7236147; fax: 650-7256247;
e-mail: [email protected]
Received 29 August 2013; accepted 29 August 2013
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