a little genetics history lesson€¦ · before 1860 1665: robert hooke: studied cork cells first...
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A Little Genetics History Lesson
History…. I thought this was Science!!!
Before 1860 1665: Robert Hooke: Studied Cork Cells
First to use the Term “Cell”
1670’s: Anton Von Leeuwenhoek: - Dutch eyeglass maker - Designed the first simple microscope Picture
- Views Living organisms (Algae) Picture
1830’s: Mitosis is Described 1858: Beginnings of the Cell Theory Remember?
1860-1900
1866: Gregor Mendel
1880’s: Chromosomes are described
1890: Meiosis is first described
Published the first ever work in the area of Genetics
Even though they new very little about DNA…
They knew this process was responsible for the production of germ cells
1900 - Today
Work in the area of Genetics Flourishes
1944: DNA controls heredity (Avery)
1953: DNA structure discovered!!! Picture
Even though they Still don’t know what it looks like…UNTIL……………
1970’s- Present: Cloning, Genetic engineering, Human Genome Project Picture
So Why did it all Begin?
Who was it that began the research?
I must introduce you to…
The Myth…
The Monk…
The Man…
Johann Gregor Mendel
July 22, 1822 – January 6, 1884 article
There are Three General Areas of Genetics
Classical Genetics
Molecular Genetics
Evolutionary Genetics
Classical Genetics
• Concerned with the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance (Mendel)
• Concept: Genes are located in a linear fashion on chromosomes and the gene loci can be determined by the phenotypes of the offspring
Mendel was a gardener in his monastery in Brünn, Austria
Mendel and His Peas
Began his work in 1860’s
Molecular Genetics (Most Studied Presently)
• Study of Genetic Material
– Structure – Replication – Expression
• Study of Recombinant DNA (genetic engineering)
Evolutionary Genetics
• Study of the mechanisms of Evolutionary change.
• Change in the frequency of a particular gene in a population.
• Charles Darwin… Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection
THE END
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Von Leeuwenhoek’s Early Microscope
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Freshwater Algae
James Watson & Francis Crick
Born: 1928
Chicago
Current age: 83
Alive: 1916-2004
London
Age At Death:
88
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Remember Dolly the Sheep???
How did they do that??
Embryonic Cloning
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The Cell Theory
• All Living Things are made up of cells
• All Cells come from other cells
• Cells are an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
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Phenotype: • This is the genetics terms used to
describe the actual physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic
code
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Augustinian Order of St Thomas, Brno Czechoslovakia
A teaching order with a reputation as a centre of learning and scientific enquiry.