a living planet. earths core earths core is made of iron and nickel. the mantle is the next layer...
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![Page 1: A Living Planet. Earths Core Earths core is made of iron and nickel. The mantle is the next layer and contains most of the earths mass. The crust is the](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5517bb17550346892b8b47e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Living Planet
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Earth’s Core• Earth’s core is
made of iron and nickel.
• The mantle is the next layer and contains most of the earth’s mass.
• The crust is the thin layer of rock on the earth’s surface.
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On and Above the Earth
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• Surrounding the earth is a layer of gases called the atmosphere.
• It contains the oxygen we breath and protects us from radiation
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Lithosphere• This is the solid
rock portion of the earth.
• Includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.
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Hydrosphere• This is the water elements of the
earth.
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Bodies of Water and Landforms
• Ocean covers 71% of the earth’s surface.
• Salty water in the ocean circulates through 3 basic motions- currents, waves, and tides.
• Lakes hold 95% of the earth’s fresh water.
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Hydrologic Cycle
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Ground water• Water held in the pores of rock is called
ground water.• Water table is the level of where the
rock has been saturated by the water.
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Landforms• Naturally formed
features on the surface of the earth.– Earth’s surface from
the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean is called continental shelf.
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Landforms continued…• The major geographic
feature that separates one type of landform from another is relief.
• Relief- is the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point.
• Topography- combination of the surface shape and composition of the landforms and their distribution in a region.
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Shaping the earth
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Plate Movement• Divergent Boundary-
Plates move apart spreading Horizontally
• Convergent Boundary- Plates collide causing either one to dive under the other
• Transform Boundary- plates slide past one another
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Weathering• Physical and Chemical processes
that change the characteristics of rock on or near the earth’s surface.
• Sediment- Weathering process causes smaller and smaller pieces of rock called sediment.
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Chemical Weathering• This occurs when rock is changed into a
new substance as a result of interaction between elements in the air or water and minerals in the rock.
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Mechanical Weathering• Process that
breaks rock down into smaller pieces.
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Erosion• Occurs when weathered material is
moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
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Soil• Soil is the loose
mixture of weathered rock.
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Soil Factors• Parent Material- chemical composition of the
original rock, or parent rock, before it decomposes affects its fertility.
• Relief- Steeper slopes, eroded easily, do not produce good soil.
• Organisms- plants, small animals, and bacteria that decompose material.
• Climate- Difference in climates produces different soils.
• Time- Amount of time to produce soil varies.