a look at poetic terminology. poetry is the language of the heart poetry is the fragrance of a...
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Understanding PoetryA Look at Poetic Terminology
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Defining Poetry
Poetry is the language of the heart
Poetry is the fragrance of a forgotten rose
Poetry is the synonym for the soul
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Reading a Poem Structure
▪ Is there a pattern in stanzas?▪ Use of punctuation?
Language▪ Any words you need to define?▪ Suggestive or interpretative meaning?
Theme▪ What is poem about?
Meaning▪ Put it all together to determine meaning
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Let’s Give It a Try…Shall We?
Marvell, “To His Coy Mistress” (854)▪ Structure of an argument▪ Language used ▪ Theme: carpe diem “Seize the opportunity for tomorrow
may not come”▪ Meaning:
Pitbull, “Give Me Everything”▪ Structure ?▪ Theme?▪ Meaning?
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Words, Words, Words
Denotation: Literal meaning; dictionary; face value▪ E.g. house—a physical dwelling place▪ E.g. father—male parent
Connotation: figurative meaning; suggestive meaning; interpretative; emotional response▪ E.g. home—a place of warmth, love,
security▪ E.g. daddy—informal yet endearing
term
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Poems to Review
“That Time of Year” (712)
“Red Wheelbarrow” (814)
“Stopping by Woods” (1089)
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Imagery A representation of language
through the senses
Sensory language
To be able “to see” “to hear” “to taste” “to touch” “to smell” through the language (words) used to describe person, place, object, feeling
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Let’s Listen for Imagery
Prince “When Doves Cry”
John Lennon “Imagine”
Grandmaster Flash “The Message”
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Poems to Review
“My Papa’s Waltz” (965)
“Those Winter Sundays” (965)
“To Autumn” (handout)
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Metaphor vs. Simile
Metaphor: An indirect comparison between two unlike objects.▪ Rachel was burning with anger▪ Green god=forest; death’s second self=sleep
Simile: A direct comparison between two unlike objects using “like” “as” “seems” “than”▪ Life is like a photograph; John is uglier than a
pig
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Personification Giving human qualities to inanimate
objects▪ Time flies▪Hell’s open gaping mouth▪ Tears began to fall from the clouds
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Poems for Review
“A Red, Red Rose” (839)
“Harlem” (836)
“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” (846)
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Symbolism
Something that represents something else
Concrete to abstract meaning
Flag = liberty Red rose = love Skull with crossed bones = death
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Allusion A historical, mythological, literary, or
biblical reference that enhances meaning to the text
▪ “Like Niobe, all tears”▪Central apple tree in the wild garden▪ Aunt Ariadne; Tia Vashti;
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Poems for Review
“The Lamb” ( 1051)
“ The Tyger” (1052)
“Birches” (976)
“Leda and the Swan” (954)
“Old Maids” handout
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Irony
Irony: the opposite occurs Verbal irony: say the opposite of what you
mean▪ Call someone shorty who is tall
Dramatic irony: the audience knows more than actors on stage▪ Hamlet thinks the king is praying while in the chapel so
decides against killing him, but the audience knows that King Claudius is not praying.
Situational irony: the outcome is unexpected▪ man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled
by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool.
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Paradox A contradiction; an impossibility Upon further examination, it is
possible
“I must be cruel to be kind”
“The Child is father of the man”
“The father is a stranger in his own home”
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Review poems
“Richard Cory” (1130)
“Oyzmandias” (765)
“My Heart Leaps Up” (752)